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Did Regionalism Kill The World Trade Organization?, Christopher S. Magee Jun 2025

Did Regionalism Kill The World Trade Organization?, Christopher S. Magee

Working Papers

No abstract provided.


Reducing Carbon Emissions Through Sustainable Food Consumption: Applying An A-S-I Framework On Beijing Residents, Xuan Yang, Jiaxin Zou, Jingyao Gao, Shu Yang Jun 2025

Reducing Carbon Emissions Through Sustainable Food Consumption: Applying An A-S-I Framework On Beijing Residents, Xuan Yang, Jiaxin Zou, Jingyao Gao, Shu Yang

Student Publications

The food sector represents one of the largest contributors to global climate change, making it urgent for the public to transform their food consumption behavior. However, food consumption behaviors that can facilitate carbon reduction, and how to classify these behaviors from the perspective of behavioral science, have not been deeply explored. This study pioneers a novel categorization of carbon-mitigating food consumption behaviors based on an A-S-I framework (i.e., “Avoid” food loss and waste, “Shift” to low-carbon alternatives, and “Improve” dietary structure). Such a classification not only encompasses the full spectrum of emission-altering behaviors but also enables identification of common determinants …


(Wp 2025-03) Ethics In Economics - Not Ethics And Economics: Guidance For Researchers, John B. Davis Jun 2025

(Wp 2025-03) Ethics In Economics - Not Ethics And Economics: Guidance For Researchers, John B. Davis

Economics Working Papers

This paper, originally a presentation at the 2024 World Congress of Social Economics Summer School at University of Massachusetts-Boston, discusses how ethical values can be incorporated in empirical research. It identifies mainstream economics’ barriers to doing this, and shows they produce a view of the relationship between ethics and economics that excludes ethics from economics. Mainstream economics sees this relationship as interdisciplinary – an ethics and economics. I argue it should be seen as multidisciplinary – an ethics in economics. The mainstream regards ethical values as subjective assuming that there are no facts about ethical values. But there is considerable …


Preferences Or Confounders? Persistent Gender Gap In Competition Across Four Continents, Natalia I. Valdez-Gonzalez, Adriana Gaviria, Antonio M. Espin Jun 2025

Preferences Or Confounders? Persistent Gender Gap In Competition Across Four Continents, Natalia I. Valdez-Gonzalez, Adriana Gaviria, Antonio M. Espin

ESI Working Papers

The gender gap in willingness to compete is thought to underlie enduring inequalities in education, career choice, and labor market outcomes. Yet it remains unclear whether the gap reflects true preference differences or results from confounding factors such as task stereotypes, overconfidence, or risk aversion. We test gender differences in competition entry across eight pre-registered studies in seven countries spanning four continents (Dominican Republic, Ivory Coast, El Salvador, Madagascar, Spain, The Philippines, and Uruguay; total n = 1,833), using an experimental design that systematically minimizes these confounds: (i) based on a non-male-stereotyped task (the Reading the Mind in the Eyes …


(Wp 2025-02) How Does The Fomc Form Forecasts? An Adaptive Learning Approach Utilizing Sep Data, Stephen J. Cole Jun 2025

(Wp 2025-02) How Does The Fomc Form Forecasts? An Adaptive Learning Approach Utilizing Sep Data, Stephen J. Cole

Economics Working Papers

This paper examines how FOMC participants construct their Summary of Economic Projections (SEP) forecasts. FOMC expectations are assumed to contain two components: (1) an endogenous part that follows an adaptive learning model and (2) an exogenous part defined as sentiment (waves of optimism and/or pessimism). The results include key policy takeaways. The forecasts of FOMC members are responsive to new economic information. Their sentiment about future GDP growth and inflation also displays persistence and is correlated with each other. Moreover, FOMC participants rely more on their endogenous/learning model to form expectations. However, sentiment plays a larger role during and around …


Blood And Mettle: The Effects Of Civil Unrest On Economic Mobility, Nathan D. Parks Jun 2025

Blood And Mettle: The Effects Of Civil Unrest On Economic Mobility, Nathan D. Parks

Honors Projects

Civil unrest is a global phenomenon that often emerges through a combination of grievances and opportunity sparking change. Civil unrest is often used as a tool by the populace to initiate political, societal, or economic transformation. Economic mobility or the belief in it is a key contributor to mitigating individuals’ level of grievances. This paper uses lagged panel analysis to investigate the question of how civil unrest affects economic mobility beyond the time of unrest. Civil unrest is associated with changes in economic mobility, varying between positive and negative associations based on the type of unrest. Analysis was conducted using …


Environmental-Friendly Consumption: Measuring The Impact Of Lifestyle On Household Carbon Emissions, Faisal Madjid Alyasa, Adam Hawari, Afif Akbar Syawala, Estro Dariatno Dariatno Sihaloho Jun 2025

Environmental-Friendly Consumption: Measuring The Impact Of Lifestyle On Household Carbon Emissions, Faisal Madjid Alyasa, Adam Hawari, Afif Akbar Syawala, Estro Dariatno Dariatno Sihaloho

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

In 2060, Indonesia aims for a clean, emissions-free society. However, achieving this goal requires understanding how lifestyle choices affect household carbon emissions. This study, based on data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey 2014, examines the impact of different diets (plant-based, vegetarian, Mediterranean, full meat-based, and mixed) on carbon emissions. Using Ordinary Least Square Panel Data Regression, the research finds that plant-based and vegetarian diets have a lower carbon footprint compared to mixed and full meat-based diets. The findings suggest that transitioning to more environmentally friendly consumption patterns can help reduce carbon emissions and benefit the environment.


Chains Of Knowledge: Slavery, Low-Wage Labor, And The Role Of Intellectual Property In Antebellum Georgia (1789 To 1865), Kris Kallies Jun 2025

Chains Of Knowledge: Slavery, Low-Wage Labor, And The Role Of Intellectual Property In Antebellum Georgia (1789 To 1865), Kris Kallies

Journal of the Patent and Trademark Resource Center Association

This article investigates Georgia’s engagement with intellectual property from 1789 to 1865, with an epilogue to 1920, arguing that the state’s economic reliance on unfree labor systems profoundly shaped its approach to technological innovation. Drawing from a newly constructed, state-specific patent database, the study reveals that Georgia’s low patenting rates—examining the areas of in mining and metallurgy, textiles, and the establishment of the Confederate Patent Office during the American Civil War—was not indicative of technological stagnation, but rather evidence of a region where innovation was informal, experiential, and embedded in labor hierarchies. The article advances the argument that the absence …


Protecting The Future Of Medical Innovation: Balancing Fiscal Responsibility With The Need For National Institutes Of Health And Federal Health Funding, Irina Petrache, Raed A. Dweik, Michelle Ng Gong, Jesse Roman, M. Patricia Rivera, Karen J. Collishaw Jun 2025

Protecting The Future Of Medical Innovation: Balancing Fiscal Responsibility With The Need For National Institutes Of Health And Federal Health Funding, Irina Petrache, Raed A. Dweik, Michelle Ng Gong, Jesse Roman, M. Patricia Rivera, Karen J. Collishaw

Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.


Welfare Implication Of Alternative Tax Rates Adjustment Policy In Nigeria: A Dsge Analysis, Umar B. Ibrahim, Isah F. Abubakar Jun 2025

Welfare Implication Of Alternative Tax Rates Adjustment Policy In Nigeria: A Dsge Analysis, Umar B. Ibrahim, Isah F. Abubakar

CBN Journal of Applied Statistics (JAS)

This study sets out to determine the desirable policy adjustment in the tax rate for Nigeria that ensures the least welfare cost. A calibrated small open-economy New Keynesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (NKDSGE) model of the Nigerian economy is applied to achieve this objective. Within this framework, we examined the impact of an increase in value-added tax (VAT) rate from 7.5 to 15 percent on key macroeconomic variables relative to the impact of an increase in company income tax (CIT) rate from 30 to 35 percent on macroeconomic variables. Furthermore, we examined the welfare costs of the increases in the …


The Missed Connection: Why Some Travelers Choose Not To Visit Montana, Kika Bradford, Glenna Hartman, Matthew Pettigrew, Melissa Weddell Jun 2025

The Missed Connection: Why Some Travelers Choose Not To Visit Montana, Kika Bradford, Glenna Hartman, Matthew Pettigrew, Melissa Weddell

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

Montana attracts millions of visitors drawn by its natural beauty, outdoor recreation, and cultural heritage. A significant portion of these travelers are repeat visitors; however, some travelers visit only once and choose not to return. This study explores what drives that disengagement.


Litigating National Security In The Wto Era, Petros C. Mavroidis Jun 2025

Litigating National Security In The Wto Era, Petros C. Mavroidis

Faculty Scholarship

From one dispute between 1948 and 1994, there have now been 14 requests for a panel establishment (based on the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), Article XXI – the exception for national security) during the World Trade Organization (WTO) era (1995–now). The majority of them ended up in the issuance of a panel report, all of which were issued after 5 April 2019. As the WTO Appellate Body has been dysfunctional as of November 2019, no appellate report has been issued. Appeals have been lodged, but as there is no Appellate Body to entertain them, they were lodged …


A Framework For Evaluating Ev Battery Mineral Sourcing Challenges, Nurcan Kilinc-Ata, Mahelet G. Fikru Jun 2025

A Framework For Evaluating Ev Battery Mineral Sourcing Challenges, Nurcan Kilinc-Ata, Mahelet G. Fikru

Economics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The transition to electric vehicles (EVs) is pivotal for global decarbonization but faces significant challenges in securing essential battery minerals like lithium, graphite, manganese, cobalt, and nickel. While existing literature extensively explores individual challenges such as geographic concentration, geopolitical instability, and sustainability concerns, it often lacks a holistic framework to address their interconnected impacts on supply-demand dynamics. This report synthesizes insights from the extant literature to identify vulnerabilities in the mineral supply chain and proposes a strategic framework for sourcing policies. Key findings emphasize the need for developing mineral-specific sourcing policies, integrating sustainability criteria for mineral sourcing, and investing in …


The Pricing Of Green Bonds And The Determinants Of The Green Bond Premium In The Asia-Pacific And European Markets, Parath Wongaree, Chiyachantana N. Chiraphol, Kuan Yong David Ding, Pattarawan Prasarnphanich, Wasin Siwasarit Jun 2025

The Pricing Of Green Bonds And The Determinants Of The Green Bond Premium In The Asia-Pacific And European Markets, Parath Wongaree, Chiyachantana N. Chiraphol, Kuan Yong David Ding, Pattarawan Prasarnphanich, Wasin Siwasarit

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This study examines the sources of capital for sustainable development and investigates the existence of a green bond premium in both primary and secondary bond markets across the Asia-Pacific and European regions. Utilizing the robust Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM) method in conjunction with the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE), our analysis reveals a significant disparity in yields between green bonds and conventional bonds within the Asia-Pacific markets, indicating the existence of a green bond premium. In contrast, this distinction is not observed in Europe. These findings suggest that investors in the Asia-Pacific region display a willingness to accept lower yields …


Do Government Benefit Programs Reduce Child Labor?: Causal Evidence From The Midday Meal Scheme In India, Vardaan Chawla, Tomoki Fujii, Arpita Khanna, Ray Rohan Jun 2025

Do Government Benefit Programs Reduce Child Labor?: Causal Evidence From The Midday Meal Scheme In India, Vardaan Chawla, Tomoki Fujii, Arpita Khanna, Ray Rohan

Research Collection School Of Economics

This study evaluates the impact of the midday meal program in India on the prevalence of child labor for upper primary school going children. The staggered implementation of the largest school feeding program in the world across states provides exogenous variation in exposure. Using the nationally representative National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) data, we find that exposure to the program reduced prevalence of child labor by 47 percent relative to children in never-treated states, with no significant difference in impact between boys and girls. The effects were primarily driven by a decline in household labor supply, especially performance of household …


Pension Funds For Housing Development In Indonesia: Challenges And Strategies, Thomas Soseco, Anggari Marya Kresnowati, Ayu Dwidyah Rini Jun 2025

Pension Funds For Housing Development In Indonesia: Challenges And Strategies, Thomas Soseco, Anggari Marya Kresnowati, Ayu Dwidyah Rini

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

Housing infrastructure is necessary to improve the quality of life of the community, yet a recent assessment of housing infrastructure development in Indonesia highlights a low level of performance. Therefore, actions are needed to stimulate it through pension funds, which remain minimally utilized for direct investment in the housing sector. This research investigates the potential and challenges of using pension funds for housing investment in Indonesia, employing Input Output (IO) Analysis with data from Statistics Indonesia (BPS). The findings reveal a significant gap between the potential and realized pension fund investments, indicating the substantial capacity of pension funds to be …


Non-Tariff Measures On Indonesian Tea Products: Do Sps And Tbt Impede Or Promote The Export?, Fikri Aldi Dwi Putro, Widyastutik Widyastutik, Nia Kurniawati Hidayat Jun 2025

Non-Tariff Measures On Indonesian Tea Products: Do Sps And Tbt Impede Or Promote The Export?, Fikri Aldi Dwi Putro, Widyastutik Widyastutik, Nia Kurniawati Hidayat

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

Previous studies highlight the heterogeneous effects of Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) on international trade. This study identifies the enforcement of NTMs and examines the effects on the export performance of Indonesian tea products. This study employed an inventory (coverage ratio) approach and panel regression with the Poisson-Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) method. The results indicate that 31 out of 36 analyzed destination countries enforce NTMs, with Vietnam imposing the most prevalent ones. Furthermore, SPS measures substantially promote the export of Indonesian tea products, whereas TBT measures show no significant effect. Therefore, the government needs to provide incentives and harmonize the national Voluntary …


The Impact Of The U.S.-China Tariff War On Trade And Investment In Developing Countries In Disrupted Global Value Chains, Teuku Riefky, Syahda Sabrina, Mohamad Dian Revindo Jun 2025

The Impact Of The U.S.-China Tariff War On Trade And Investment In Developing Countries In Disrupted Global Value Chains, Teuku Riefky, Syahda Sabrina, Mohamad Dian Revindo

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

As the world is more open and more integrated than ever, the trade war between the two largest economies, the United States (U.S.) and China, has significant and unexpected implications for multinational companies within global value chains. Since both markets are closed to each other due to the imposition of higher import tariffs, businesses have to shift their trade activities to alternative countries. Employing historical data, existing country-level data from the Global Trade Analysis Project on Value-Added (GTAP-VA), and tariffs imposed during the U.S.-China trade war, this study comprehensively examines the impacts of the trade war on global value chains, …


John R. Commons, Reasonable Value, And Power: A Critique, Jacob Powell Jun 2025

John R. Commons, Reasonable Value, And Power: A Critique, Jacob Powell

Working Papers

No abstract provided.


The Giants Of Coercion: Major Powers And The Mobilization Of Global Sanctions Coalitions, Louis Charbonneau Jun 2025

The Giants Of Coercion: Major Powers And The Mobilization Of Global Sanctions Coalitions, Louis Charbonneau

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This dissertation examines the conditions under which sanctions-sending states can successfully mobilize broad international support for coercive measures on a target state for violating international security norms. Using the case of international sanctions on Iran from 2006 to 2016, I develop a theory of how sanctions senders mobilize support for, and cooperation with, coercive measures on target states. The theory has two parts. First, states seeking international sanctions against a target with broad participation and support need unity and cooperation on the part of major powers in the international system. Second, securing the unity and cooperation of major powers makes …


Guardians Of The Iranian Revolution: Clerical Authority, Bonyads, And The Irgc In Iran's Economic Landscape, Chase M. Toscano Jun 2025

Guardians Of The Iranian Revolution: Clerical Authority, Bonyads, And The Irgc In Iran's Economic Landscape, Chase M. Toscano

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This thesis investigates the ideological and institutional foundations of Iran's post-revolutionary political economy, focusing on the triumvirate of clerical authority, bonyads (charitable foundations), and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). Drawing on Kevan Harris’s “subcontractor state” framework, this study argues that Iran’s political economy is simultaneously a decentralized yet state-dominated system, where semi-public institutions like the bonyads and the IRGC act as key subcontractors, enabling the Islamic Republic to further economic development and circumventing Western sanctions. This analysis examines the development of Iran’s political economy from the 1979 revolution to identify the influence of left-wing Islamic ideologues like Ali Shariati …


Determinants Of Integration: Migration Difficulty, Mental Health, And Social Connections Among Eritrean Immigrants, Shewit Woldemichael May 2025

Determinants Of Integration: Migration Difficulty, Mental Health, And Social Connections Among Eritrean Immigrants, Shewit Woldemichael

Master's Theses

This thesis explores how the experience of migration hardship affects integration outcomes of Eritrean migrants in the U.S. and the Netherlands. Using original survey data and the Immigration Policy Lab’s Integration Index (IPL-24), this paper investigated the intersection of economic, psychological, and social interactions that facilitate integration outcomes. This research finds that migration hardship doesn’t just make people’s lives more difficult; it breaks down the social ties and mental well-being that are essential for economic success measured by integration.


Jeepney Modernization Program: Agencies And Constraints Of Informal Transport Sector In Cebu City, Philippines, Katrina Lerma A. Rapada, Herald Shalom R. Vallente, Giena Marie U. Canoy May 2025

Jeepney Modernization Program: Agencies And Constraints Of Informal Transport Sector In Cebu City, Philippines, Katrina Lerma A. Rapada, Herald Shalom R. Vallente, Giena Marie U. Canoy

Journal of Global Awareness

In the quest to provide a better public transportation system in the Philippines, the government has implemented Department Order 2017-011, the major basis for the Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program, which requires single jeepney operators to join transport cooperatives and limits jeepneys not older than 15 years to operate. However, up to the present, this policy initiative has yet to improve Cebu City's public transport system significantly, and it has already created various forms of exclusion. Anchored on Mayer’s (2014) theory on the problems of collective action and Mosca’s (1939) elite theory, this study assesses the collective agencies of jeepney …


Cooling The Tropics Sustainably: Evidence From A Choice Experiment On Energy Efficient Air Conditioners In The Philippines, Miwa Nakai, Naonari Yajima, Majah-Leah V. Ravago May 2025

Cooling The Tropics Sustainably: Evidence From A Choice Experiment On Energy Efficient Air Conditioners In The Philippines, Miwa Nakai, Naonari Yajima, Majah-Leah V. Ravago

Economics Department Faculty Publications

Energy efficiency of home appliances plays a crucial role in climate mitigation policies, especially considering the increasing energy consumption in developing countries. In countries with high temperatures, such as the Philippines, switching to energy efficient air conditioners (ACs) can substantially contribute to climate mitigation. By conducting a choice experiment survey, we investigated the attributes influencing the decision to purchase energy efficient ACs in the Philippines. Utilising primary data with a broad range of socio-economic characteristics, we find that households have a higher willingness-to-pay (WTP) for energy efficient models. Notably, the WTP for higher energy efficiency levels is sufficiently high to …


South Carolina And The Blue Ridge Rail Road, 1852 To 1873: Dreams Of Linking The South And West, Steve E. Gibson May 2025

South Carolina And The Blue Ridge Rail Road, 1852 To 1873: Dreams Of Linking The South And West, Steve E. Gibson

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

While the 1850s were productive and railroading did innovate with the initial adoption of steel, the embrace of the telegraph, the use of coal as a fuel, and the opening of generally long railroads, particularly in South Carolina, the railroads themselves generally remained conservative (almost timid) in their business models and strategic thinking. This was especially true in the South. Northern railroads recognized the need to connect major cities, connect seaports with crop productive hinterlands, and generally understood that railroad mobility, mixed economic development, and prosperity were intertwined and mutually reinforcing with the prosperity of both the railroad and the …


Essays In Empirical Asset Pricing, Jiaen Li May 2025

Essays In Empirical Asset Pricing, Jiaen Li

Olin Business School Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

My dissertation explores two broad questions. First, what is the role of intangible forces like ideological narratives in belief formation and asset prices? Second, how can we understand the systematic components in asset pricing? In Chapter 1, using cryptocurrencies as a laboratory, I examine the role of ideological narratives in asset prices—an area remains underexplored. Leveraging social media data and large language models to measure ideology dynamics, I find that fluctuations in two ideological narratives—anarchism and decentralization—are priced in the cross-section of cryptocurrency returns. Consistent with the view that factors proxy for state variables, ideology factors contain distinct information about …


Explaining The Satisfaction Of The Religious Tourist: The Case Of Maimonides In The City Of Cordoba, César Mora Márquez, Angelo Puccia May 2025

Explaining The Satisfaction Of The Religious Tourist: The Case Of Maimonides In The City Of Cordoba, César Mora Márquez, Angelo Puccia

International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage

Tourism was one of the most severely affected sectors by the Covid-19 pandemic. Even religious tourism, traditionally less susceptible to market fluctuations, is now compelled to adopt innovative strategies in response to these effects. This article analyses the satisfaction of religious tourism, specifically its relationship with the figure of Maimonides, who is considered to be an important religious thinker and is included within the Pantheon database of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). A questionnaire was distributed and completed by 720 tourists in the city of Cordoba, Spain, which has close links to Maimonides. The findings indicated that the spirituality …


The Price Of Intelligence: How Should Socially-Minded Firms Price And Deploy Ai?, Nils H. Lehr, Pascual Restrepo May 2025

The Price Of Intelligence: How Should Socially-Minded Firms Price And Deploy Ai?, Nils H. Lehr, Pascual Restrepo

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

Leading AI firms claim to prioritize social welfare. How should firms with a social mandate price and deploy AI? We derive pricing formulas that depart from profit maximization by incorporating incentives to enhance welfare and reduce labor disruptions. Using US data, we evaluate several scenarios. A welfarist firm that values both profit and welfare should price closer to marginal cost, as efficiency gains outweigh distributional concerns. A conservative firm focused on labormarket stability should price above the profit-maximizing level in the short run, especially when its AI may displace low-income workers. Overall, socially minded firms face a trade-off between expanding …


Does A Star Player’S Jewelry Matter? An Analysis Of Nba Real Team Value, Brandon C. Penticoff May 2025

Does A Star Player’S Jewelry Matter? An Analysis Of Nba Real Team Value, Brandon C. Penticoff

Undergraduate Economics Working Paper Series

This study dives into the financial and sport factors that impact team market value and revenue. This study's results confirm that star players significantly enhance team value, with NBA Superstars adding nearly $500 million annually. This study discovered the prominence of a Principal-Agent Problem between star players and NBA front offices over the issue of championship pursuit. The analysis also identifies an optimal style of play for revenue generation, but that could oppose longer-term team value. These findings have critical implications for NBA front offices, owners, and coaching staffs.


Hospitality Operators And Cannabis Tourism In The South: Insights On Policy & Regulations, Nick E. Johnston, Kelly Way, Chloe Tyner, Betsy Garrison May 2025

Hospitality Operators And Cannabis Tourism In The South: Insights On Policy & Regulations, Nick E. Johnston, Kelly Way, Chloe Tyner, Betsy Garrison

ICHRIE Research Reports

Cannabis tourism offers new opportunities for U.S. hospitality, although regional adoption is limited and complex due to diverse legal frameworks. Through qualitative document analysis (QDA) of regulatory frameworks in 14 Southern U.S. states, this study compares policies on consumption, sales, and employment in states with limited or emerging cannabis programs. Findings reveal that hospitality operators can enhance guest experiences by creating private, wellness-focused cannabis environments and advocating for gradual policy adjustments. However, compliance with strict consumption, licensing, and workplace rules is essential to mitigate legal risks. This study highlights the South's cannabis tourism potential within politically conservative markets, suggesting that …