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Three Essays In Urban, Health And Public Economics, Dinushka Paranavitana

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This dissertation “Three Essays in Urban, Health and Public Economics” contains three chapters which explore urban, health and public economics. The first two chapters focus on examining the unexpected consequences of urban and health related policies, while the third chapter explores the nuanced relationships between health policies and religion. The first chapter examines the impact of NFL and NBA games, beyond the reach of stadium walls and arenas, extending to how it affects driver behavior after games. In this paper I analyze how game outcomes for professional level football and basketball games have an impact on affecting the rate of …

Three Essays On Misinformation, Mistrust And Their Influence On Public Health Policy, Eli Kochersperger

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In the first chapter I identify the impact of fentanyl exposure misinformation- namely, the erroneous belief that momentary, passive contact with the potent opioid fentanyl can be seriously harmful- on first responder behavior during overdose events, and on overall opioid-related mortality. I examine changes in opioid-related mortality following one particularly well-covered episode involving an Ohio police officer in 2017, wherein the officer appeared to experience an acute opioid overdose after touching what was believed to be fentanyl. Employing a synthetic differences-in-differences identification strategy, I find areas with greater media exposure to this misinformation exhibit marked increases in opioid overdose deaths; …

Justice As Fairness Or As Inclusion: Putting Rawls In Conversation With The Bans On Transgender Athletes, Nicole Player

Pomona Senior Theses

The last decade has seen a flurry of anti-transgender bills introduced and passed in the United States, and the topic that has likely been the most hotly debated regards the dozens of state bans on transgender athletes. While most discussions of these bans go straight to a debate about physiology, this thesis centers instead on a question of justice. In the debate of whether to allow a transgender girl to compete in girls’ sports, is it more “just” to prioritize fairness in women’s sport, as these bans do, or is it more just to prioritize inclusion? This thesis, in finding …

Medical Expenditures And The Measurement Of Poverty In The United States, Luke Petach, David Wyant

Faculty Scholarship

Using data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) we estimate the fraction of the US population that is health poor. A person is health poor if their income prior to paying health insurance premiums and out-of-pocket healthcare costs is above the poverty line, but their income net-of-premiums and out-of-pocket healthcare costs is below the poverty line. Because resources used to finance health insurance premiums and out-of-pocket costs are (A) lexicographically preferred and (B) cannot be used to maintain an individual’s standard of living, they should be excluded from official poverty estimates. Approximately 1% to 2% of the US population …

Punishment And Resources, Mark D. White

Publications and Research

Philosophers of punishment have paid little attention to resource constraints, which have an undeniable impact on how various approaches to punishment work in the real world. It has fallen on economists, with their central focus on scarcity and opportunity cost, to analyze the resource demands of different philosophies of punishment. However, the utilitarian nature of mainstream economics limits the scope of economic theories of punishment to deterrence, which fits naturally into mathematical economic techniques, as opposed to retributivism, the principled nature of which resists quantification. This chapter explores the resource implications of punishment. It starts by identifying shortcomings of the …

The Influence Of Flavor On The Abuse Liability Of A Heated Tobacco Product And Its Feasibility As A Menthol Cigarette Substitute, Augustus White

Theses and Dissertations

Heated Tobacco Products (HTPs) purport to expose people that use cigarettes to fewer of the harmful or potentially harmful constituents of tobacco while still delivering reinforcing amounts of nicotine (Auer, Concha-Lozano et al., 2017). An exemplar of the HTP class, IQOS, and its three varieties of “HeatSticks” have been authorized by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as “Modified Risk Tobacco Products” (MRTP). However, as the FDA is planning to ban menthol as a characterizing flavor in cigarettes, questions remain regarding whether characterizing flavors should be permitted in HTPs (FDA, 2022e). New evidence regarding HTP abuse liability (i.e., the likelihood …

Dampak Kesenjangan Jam Bekerja Terhadap Ketimpangan Upah Di Jabodetabek Selama Pandemi Covid-19 Tahun 2020, Sophia Lailil Jannah, Ariska Nurfajar Rini

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the differences in working hours of male and female workers on the wage gap during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi (Jabodetabek) area in 2020 using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and the Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition. Utilizing the National Labor Force Survey (SAKERNAS) 2020, the results showed that working hours positively and significantly affected wages with a coefficient of 4.72% for male workers and 7.05% for female workers. The Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition proved that working hours contribute to reducing the wage gap because there is wage convergence due to reduced working hours during …

Analisis Dampak Program Bantuan Pangan Non-Tunai Terhadap Pengeluaran Konsumsi Rumah Tangga Pertanian Di Maluku, M. Rismawan Ridha, Rumayya Rumayya

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia

Poor households in the agricultural sector belong to a group with high food insecurity. As one of the instruments in overcoming the problem of food insecurity, Non-Cash Food Assistance (BPNT) provides social assistance to the poor to purchase adequate and nutritious food. This study aims to analyze the impact of BPNT on the expenditure of poor households in the agricultural sector in Maluku province. Using the Propensity Score Matching analysis on March 2020 Susenas data, the results show that BPNT significantly influences increasing food expenditure but not total expenditure.

Keunggulan Kompetitif Produk Pangan-Pertanian Asean-5 Selama 20 Tahun: Perubahannya Melalui Krisis, Reninta Dewi Nugraheni, Kanetasya Sabilla

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia

This study aims to assess the competitive advantage of foreign trade in agri-food products of five Association of South East Asia Nations (ASEAN) countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, and the Philippines between 2003–2022 by dividing the period into the global crisis in 2009, the trade war between China and the United States (US) in 2018, and the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The study built an econometric model using the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) indicators. It was found that the value of the RSCA distribution for the five countries has changed significantly over the …

Bekerja Tetapi Tetap Miskin, Apakah Permasalahan Kemiskinan Multidimensi?, Abdus Salam, Endan Suwandana, Watekhi Watekhi

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia

Working but still in poverty, is one of the phenomena of poor workers where they continue to work but their work does not guarantee them a better life. This study uses the concept of poverty from a monetary and multidimensional perspective. This study uses data from the March 2018 National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas) and 2018 Village Potential Survey (Podes), and uses logistic regression to analyze whether the phenomenon of the working poor is a multidimensional poverty problem. The results of the study stated that poor workers have a close relationship with low education, millennial/young workers, a single parent, employees, a …

A Market Strategy Analysis Of Doi Kham Company, Cholachai Sirisawat

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This article is conceived with the objective of utilizing data from Doi Kham Food Products Company Limited as the focal point of research. It delves into market narratives and comprehensive market data, as well as the growth trajectory of the company in accordance with the royal initiatives of His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej (King Rama IX). His Majesty's aspirations aimed to alleviate the hardships faced by rural communities in the highlands of Northern Thailand, transitioning towards a company engaged in the production and procurement of agricultural products, supplying both domestic and international markets with stability and concurrent growth in agriculture. …

Entire Volume Journal Of Banking And Financial Economics 2024, 1(21)

Journal of Banking and Financial Economics

Entire Volume Journal of Banking and Financial Economics 2024, 1(21)

Government Subsidy In The U.S. Mortgage Market: A Structural Analysis With Bunching, Bowen Shi, Yunhui Zhao

Journal of Banking and Financial Economics

It is crucial to better understand the U.S. residential mortgage market, where the global financial crisis originated. In this paper, we develop an infinite-horizon continuous-time structural model to study the effects of the longstanding and widespread Government-Sponsored Enterprises (GSEs) mortgage default insurance subsidy on U.S. mortgage underwriters’ equilibrium lending behaviour. Despite the richness of the model, we obtain analytical solutions for the equilibrium loan size and interest rate. We then employ truncated loan-level data to estimate the subsidy’s magnitude using maximum likelihood by exploiting a distinctive data feature that many borrowers bunch at the subsidy eligibility cutoff. We find that …

Regulator Preferences And Underinvestment In Drinking Water Infrastructure, Chunyu Guo

Electronic Theses & Dissertations (2024 - present)

The infrastructure of U.S. drinking water systems faces chronic issues of low quality and underinvestment. As the water utilities in the U.S. are typically managed and regulated at the local municipal level, investment levels depend on the municipal regulator's preferences. Drawing from a dynamic framework, I specify and estimate the local regulators' objective function over drinking water infrastructure investment. This framework highlights the tradeoff between profit and consumer surplus and reveals how regulator preferences can deviate from net surplus optimization, resulting in underinvestment. My findings provide significant evidence that the drinking water infrastructure is underinvested. I reveal that the regulator's …

Essays On Institutions And Business Performance In A Less-Developed Economy, Obinna Franklin Ezeibekwe

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

The dissertation comprises three essays that collectively contribute novel insights into the impact of institutional and regulatory factors on firm performance in Nigeria.

The first essay presents the first empirical assessment of the causal heterogeneous effects of competition from informal firms on the revenue of Nigerian formal firms using quantile regression, causal mediation analysis, and non-parametric preprocessing matching. The theoretical framework mathematically depicts how informality determines formal firm revenue by influencing prices.

In the second essay, I provide the first empirical assessment of the causal impact of bureaucratic corruption on firms' financial constraints in Nigeria by calculating treatment effects using …

Three Essays On The Impact Of Debt On Young American Adults’ Lives After Graduation, Sylvie Sanou

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

This dissertation investigates the impact of financial constraints due to debt on three aspects of young American adults' lives after graduation. The first essay examines the impact of student loan debt on the mental health of US young adults using restricted-access and publicly available data from the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY97). Prior studies found that debt negatively affects mental health. However, few papers focused on educational debt. Unlike other debt, student loan debt is special because it funds human capital investment, and borrowers expect to receive a significant return on the investment. Using a two-stage estimation model, …

Essays On Computational And Financial Economics, Mohammadreza Mahmoudi

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

This dissertation comprises three essays centered on computational and financial economics, addressing the economic implications of the COVID-19 pandemic, the interplay between monetary policy and the cryptocurrency market, and the strategies for cryptocurrency portfolio optimization.

In the first essay, the spotlight is cast on the U.S. government's response to the COVID-19 pandemic and its subsequent economic ramifications. The study meticulously assesses the implemented uniform pandemic control policies and contrasts them with potential targeted measures. These targeted strategies take into account the differential effects of the virus on various age demographics. By employing the adjusted SEQIHR model as a tool for …

Aiming For The Goal: Contribution Dynamics Of Crowdfunding, Joyee Deb, Aniko Öry (Oery), Kevin R. Williams

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

We study a dynamic contribution game where investors seek private benefits that are offered in exchange for contributions and a single, publicly-minded donor values project success. We show that donor contributions serve as costly signals that encour-age socially-productive contributions by investors who face a coordination problem. Investors and the donor prefer different equilibria but all benefit in expectation from the donor’s ability to dynamically signal his valuation. We explore various contexts in which our model can be applied and delve empirically into the case of Kickstarter. We calibrate our model and quantify the coordination benefits of dynamic signaling in counterfactuals.

Do Agricultural Commodity Price Spikes Always Stem From News?, Zhouxin Li

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study delves into the occurrence and differentiation of significant price jumps in agricultural commodity markets, challenging the conventional belief that such movements are solely driven by exogenous factors. Existing literature has primarily focused on the impact of news on agricultural commodity prices, neglecting the distinction between endogenous and exogenous price spikes. I aim to identify and categorize both types of price spikes in corn, soybean, and wheat futures markets. I propose a comprehensive methodology involving the collection of agricultural news, non-parametric price jump detection, and differentiation between exogenous (newsdriven) and endogenous (non-news related) price spikes. By utilizing intraday price …

Access To Banking : A South Asian Perspective, Aditi Poudel

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study examines the driving factors behind gender disparities in access to banking services in South Asia (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka) with a focus on legal indicators (assets, marriage, mobility, parenthood, pay, pension, workplace) and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. The choice of South Asia is not just due to the sheer number of women affected by financial exclusion but also because of its economic significance and the opportunity for substantial impact through legal and economic reforms in the world economy. Employing logistic regression models, I examine the critical legal and economic determinants influencing …

Optimal Nonparametric Range-Based Volatility Estimation, Tim Bollerslev, Jia Li, Qiyuan Li

Research Collection School Of Economics

We present a general framework for optimal nonparametric spot volatility estimation based on intraday range data, comprised of the first, highest, lowest, and last price over a given time-interval. We rely on a decision-theoretic approach together with a coupling-type argument to directly tailor the form of the nonparametric estimator to the specific volatility measure of interest and relevant loss function. The resulting new optimal estimators offer substantial efficiency gains compared to existing commonly used range-based procedures.

High-Dimensional Iv Cointegration Estimation And Inference, Peter C. B. Phillips, Igor L. Kheifets

Research Collection School Of Economics

A semiparametric triangular systems approach shows how multicointegrating linkages occur naturally in an I(1) cointegrated regression model when the long run error variance matrix in the system is singular. Under such singularity, cointegrated I(1) systems embody a multicointegrated structure that makes them useful in many empirical settings. Earlier work shows that such systems may be analyzed and estimated without appealing to the associated I(2) system but with suboptimal convergence rates and potential asymptotic bias. The present paper develops a robust approach to estimation and inference of such systems using high dimensional IV methods that have appealing asymptotic properties like those …

Senior Mental Health Clinicians’ Understanding Of Their Self-Efficacy While Providing Services At Community-Based Agencies, Rukiya Symister

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Many mental health clinicians strive to provide their clients with rehabilitative and psychotherapy services resulting in a client gaining stable income and housing. However, the role of a senior mental health clinician (SMHC) is not without its challenges of trying to balance their well-being while dealing with increased coworker turnover, demanding caseloads, and limited access to community resources to provide clients with getting their lives back on track, thereby impacting clinicians’ understanding of their self-efficacy. Much of the research on self-efficacy has focused on mental health clients, mental health graduate students, and mental health trainees, often leaving out the lived …

2024 Bber Economic Seminar - Montana Tourism Outlook Presentation, Melissa Weddell

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

No abstract provided.

Pengaruh Sistem Pembayaran Nontunai Dan Penerimaan Pajak Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Annisa Putri Ramadanti, Nurjannah Rahayu Kistanti

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia

Technology has shifted the payment system from cash to cashless method. It turns out that has an impact on the fiscal sector and economic growth. This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of cashless payment systems on economic growth through tax revenue as a variable intervening in 2013-2022. Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) is used as an analysis method. The result of this study shows that cashless payment systems proxied by electronic money, debit/ATM cards, and credit cards have an impact on economic growth through tax revenue as an intervening variable, while internet banking does not. In …

National Integration And Institution Building, Haiwen Zhou

Economics Faculty Publications

The mutual dependence between national integration and institution building is established in a formal model. It is shown that a decrease in transportation costs, but not necessarily an increase in population size, reduces the equilibrium number of states and the adoption of rule-based institutions. With endogenous transportation costs or endogenous population size, the unification process can feed on itself. The model is illustrated by the state of Qin's unification of China in 221 BC. During this process of national integration, transformations from relation-based governance to rule-based governance happened.

Towards Inclusive Public Administration Systems: Public Budgeting From The Perspective Of Critical Race Theory, Juan Pablo Martínez Guzmán, Meagan M. Jordan, Philip G. Joyce

School of Public Service Faculty Publications

While there is a developing consensus that governments need to address systemic racism, public administration scholarship has not played a large role in supporting policymakers who want to achieve that end. To institutionalize that effort, we analyze the budget process as a setting to identify inequities and incorporate social equity given its overarching reach across all programs and policies. This article uses the tenets of critical race theory to illustrate how to use the budget process to incorporate equity. The resulting racial equity budgeting (REB) framework has three tenets: acknowledging and correcting historic biases, increasing the voice of nondominant groups, …

Absentee Ownership And Rental Affordability: Evidence From Commuting Zones, Luke Petach

Funded Scholarship

In this paper, we examine the intersection of financialization, wealth inequality, and the housing market in the United States with an emphasis on the relationship between absentee ownership and declining rental affordability. At the same time as financialization has increasingly transformed the market for residential real estate into a vehicle for financial speculation, households at the bottom of the income distribution have been disproportionately affected by rising rents and declining housing affordability. Using data from the decennial Census and the American Community Survey from 1990 to 2020, we investigate the link between absentee ownership and rental affordability across US commuting …

Medical Expenditures And The Measurement Of Poverty In The United States, Luke Petach, David K. Wyant

Funded Scholarship

Using data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) we estimate the fraction of the US population that is health poor. A person is health poor if their income prior to paying health insurance premiums and out-of-pocket healthcare costs is above the poverty line, but their income net-of-premiums and out-of-pocket healthcare costs is below the poverty line. Because resources used to finance health insurance premiums and out-of-pocket costs are (A) lexicographically preferred and (B) cannot be used to maintain an individual’s standard of living, they should be excluded from official poverty estimates. Approximately 1% to 2% of the US population …

Part 1: As Good As It Gets? The Economy Of Hampton Roads, Dragas Center For Economic Analysis And Policy, Old Dominion University

State of the Region Reports: Hampton Roads

Hampton Roads’ economy was a study in contrasts in 2024. For the first time in almost two decades, the regional economy grew in four consecutive years. A record number of individuals were in the civilian labor force and employed, and employers reported a record number of jobs. Job growth, however, lagged our peers. Now is the time to invest in key industry clusters to spur private-sector job growth in the region and build upon our recent economic fortunes.