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Degrees Of Poverty: The Relationship Between Family Income Background And The Returns To Education, Timothy J. Bartik, Brad J. Hershbein Mar 2018

Degrees Of Poverty: The Relationship Between Family Income Background And The Returns To Education, Timothy J. Bartik, Brad J. Hershbein

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

Drawing on the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we document a startling empirical pattern: the career earnings premium from a four-year college degree (relative to a high school diploma) for persons from low-income backgrounds is considerably less than it is for those from higher-income backgrounds. For individuals whose family income in high school was above 1.85 times the poverty level, we estimate that career earnings for bachelor’s graduates are 136 percent higher than earnings for those whose education stopped at high school. However, for individuals whose family income during high school was below 1.85 times the poverty level, the career …

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Unicorns, Guardians, And The Concentration Of The U.S. Equity Markets, Amy Deen Westbrook, David A. Westbrook Mar 2018

Unicorns, Guardians, And The Concentration Of The U.S. Equity Markets, Amy Deen Westbrook, David A. Westbrook

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

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Institutions: Key Variable For Economic Development In Latin America, Andre Vianna, André Varella Mollick Mar 2018

Institutions: Key Variable For Economic Development In Latin America, Andre Vianna, André Varella Mollick

School of Economics and Finance Faculty Publications

This article examines economic development from 1996 to 2015 for 192 countries and specifically Latin America. Evidence shows that each 0.1-point increase in institutions impacts a 3.9% improvement in Latin American per capita output versus a 2.6% effect on world development. This new evidence from Latin America shows a missing opportunity to develop at higher annual pace than the 2.14% average, mainly due to the deterioration in rule of law. We conjecture the efficiency of monetary/fiscal policies will improve if policymakers emphasize projects that foster improvements to institutional quality, such as transparency, public spending quality and fiscal responsibility.

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Reply To Dr. Chris Gousmett's Open Letter, Sacha Walicord Mar 2018

Reply To Dr. Chris Gousmett's Open Letter, Sacha Walicord

Pro Rege

No abstract provided.

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The Trillion-Dollar Question Mar 2018

The Trillion-Dollar Question

DePaul Magazine

DePaul alumni Carolyn Leonard and Monika Black work to help the financial services industry better understand and serve female investors. The pair uses Leonard's background in stock-option trading and Black's training in community psychology to help women understand their investing style and help the financial services industry develop investment plans that reflect the care networks women maintain.

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A Letter To Dr. Sacha Walicord, Chris Gousmett Mar 2018

A Letter To Dr. Sacha Walicord, Chris Gousmett

Pro Rege

Editor's Note: Dr. Chris Gousmett's letter is a response to Dr. Sacha Walicord's review of Gary North's book, Christian Economics in One Lesson in Pro Rege, vol. 46, no. 1, September 2017.

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Time Allocation, Sleep, And Academic Achievement In The Student Population, Patrick F. Ryan Feb 2018

Time Allocation, Sleep, And Academic Achievement In The Student Population, Patrick F. Ryan

Undergraduate Economic Review

I analyze survey data from the American Time Use Survey and expand the field of research on sleep behaviors and time use in the student population. In my sample, I include respondents with ages ranging from 15-25 years to capture the high school and college populations. Sleep loss, increased stress, and greater extracurricular participation in student populations warrants further research into quantity and perceived quality of sleep in these groups. My analysis utilizes regression models to determine what activities take away the most time from human capital accumulation.

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The Great Recession And Life Satisfaction: The Unique Decline For Americans Approaching Retirement Age, John Ifcher, Homa Zarghamee, Amanda Cabacungan Feb 2018

The Great Recession And Life Satisfaction: The Unique Decline For Americans Approaching Retirement Age, John Ifcher, Homa Zarghamee, Amanda Cabacungan

Economics

During the 2007-09 Great Recession, the American economic environment was bleak: unemployment roughly doubled, median household incomes fell 5 per cent, average household net worth declined by a third, and consumer spending dropped markedly. Each month, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported massive lay-offs, disappointing job creation numbers, and a dismal outlook for future job growth. The literature studying the impact of the Great Recession on American households finds that those nearing retirement age were particularly hard hit. For example, using data from the American Life Panel, Hurd and Rohwedder (2010) find that 25 per cent of respondents aged 50-59 …

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Networks Of Survival In Kinshasa, Mumbai, Detroit, And Comparison Cities; An Empirical Perspective, Beryl S. Powell Feb 2018

Networks Of Survival In Kinshasa, Mumbai, Detroit, And Comparison Cities; An Empirical Perspective, Beryl S. Powell

Ph.D. Dissertations (Open Access)

People in impoverished cities, for example in Kinshasa, lend small quantities of food to neighbors when requested, to prevent starvation. In Mumbai, they share their living space with others who are homeless. In Detroit, churches and the Detroit Urban League have helped poor residents to obtain jobs, meals, and housing. Rather than mere self-interest, this expression of generosity is an outstanding human quality. Networks of survival also include the lessons of history, good economic and political policies, human rights, equal opportunity, and culture.

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The Economic Impact Of Pilgrimage: An Economic Impact Analysis Of Pilgrimage Expenditures In Galicia, Elisabeth J.E Graave, Jeroen Klijs, Wim Heijman Feb 2018

The Economic Impact Of Pilgrimage: An Economic Impact Analysis Of Pilgrimage Expenditures In Galicia, Elisabeth J.E Graave, Jeroen Klijs, Wim Heijman

International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage

In this article, we calculate the economic impact of pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela in the NUTS 2 region Galicia (Spain) in 2010. This economic impact is relevant to policymakers and other stakeholders dealing with religious tourism in Galicia. The analysis is based on the Input-Output model. Location Quotient formulas are used to derive the regional Input-Output table from the national Input-Output table of Spain. Both the Simple Location Quotient formula and Flegg’s Location Quotient formula are applied. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis is carried out. We found that pilgrimage expenditures in 2010 created between €59.750 million and €99.575 million in …

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The Day Of The Political Economist, Lewis Karstensson Feb 2018

The Day Of The Political Economist, Lewis Karstensson

Molasky Family Department of Economics and Real Estate Faculty Research

An examination of economic thought in the “natural order.” Primary consideration is given to the economic thought of Adam Smith, the foundation of classical political economy and much of current economic thought.

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Understanding The Effects Of Legalizing Undocumented Immigrants, Joan Monras, Javier Vázquez-Grenno, Ferran Elias Feb 2018

Understanding The Effects Of Legalizing Undocumented Immigrants, Joan Monras, Javier Vázquez-Grenno, Ferran Elias

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

This paper investigates the consequences of the legalization of around 600,000 immigrants by the unexpectedly elected Spanish government of Zapatero following the terrorist attacks of March 2004 (Garcia-Montalvo, 2011). Using detailed data from payroll-tax revenues, we estimate that each newly legalized immigrant increased local payroll-tax revenues by 4,189 euros on average. This estimate is only 55 percent of what we would have expected from the size of the influx of newly documented immigrants, which suggests that newly legalized immigrants probably earned lower wages than other workers and maybe affected the labor-market outcomes of those other workers. We estimate that the …

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Measuring Health Outcomes Of Uncovered Employment: A Study Of Income, Social Mobility, Equality, And Health Indicators In An Under-Looked Segment Of The Labor Force, Zakariya Kmir Feb 2018

Measuring Health Outcomes Of Uncovered Employment: A Study Of Income, Social Mobility, Equality, And Health Indicators In An Under-Looked Segment Of The Labor Force, Zakariya Kmir

Undergraduate Economic Review

Economists have strongly supported the idea that unemployment causes many undesirable health outcomes. However, how does belonging to a different sector of employment tied closely to changes in minimum wage and inflation relate to overall health? To properly understand the numerical significance of health disparities in the uncovered sector of employment, this research is targeted at quantifying the relationship between the insured and non-insured within the uncovered sector. By substantiating the existence of severe health disparities as a function of the labor force dynamic, this research subsequently estimates the amount of inefficiency and negative health outcomes in the US economy …

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Is There Really A Foreign Language Premium In Canada?: Evaluating The Foreign Language Effect On Canadian Wages, Peter C. Ki Feb 2018

Is There Really A Foreign Language Premium In Canada?: Evaluating The Foreign Language Effect On Canadian Wages, Peter C. Ki

Undergraduate Economic Review

Given the debates on whether knowing a foreign language has a positive or negative effect on wages, there is little or no research conducted on how it fares in Canada, despite extensive studies on French and English. Using the Public Use Microdata Files of the 2011 National Household Survey by Statistics Canada, I find a 2.84% wage penalty for Canadians who know a foreign language and an even greater penalty for Canadians who use these languages at work. I proceed to decompose the results by language and occupation to find varying results. I also attempt to use a religion proxy …

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Propensity To Patent And Firm Size For Small R&D-Intensive Firms, Albert N. Link, John T. Scott Feb 2018

Propensity To Patent And Firm Size For Small R&D-Intensive Firms, Albert N. Link, John T. Scott

Dartmouth Scholarship

The Schumpeterian hypothesis about the effect of firm size on research and development (R&D) output is studied for a sample of R&D projects for R&D-intensive firms that are small but have substantial variance in their sizes. Across the distribution of firm sizes, the elasticity of patenting with respect to R&D ranged from 0.41 to 0.55, with the elasticities being largest for intermediate levels of firm size and also varying directly with the extent to which the projects are Schumpeterian in the cost or value senses. The paper’s findings at the R&D project level are compared with the literature’s findings at …

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Does Gender Really Matter In Agriculture?, Marianna Khachaturyan, E. Wesley F. Peterson Feb 2018

Does Gender Really Matter In Agriculture?, Marianna Khachaturyan, E. Wesley F. Peterson

Cornhusker Economics

Agriculture comprises around 9.5 percent of GDP for all developing countries, 26.0 percent for the least developed, 17.6 percent in South Asia and 17.4 percent in Sub -Saharan Africa compared with only 1.1 percent in the United States (World Bank, 2018). Agriculture is the main source of employment and livelihood for many, especially in Asia and Africa where about 60 percent of workers (both men and women) are employed in the agricultural sector (Agarwal, 2015). Globally, about 43 percent of workers who are engaged in agricultural activities are women (Akter et al., 2017), and across Asian and African countries, about …

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Proposal For A Non-Subsidized, Non-Retirement-Plan, Employee-Owned Investment Vehicle To Replace The Esop, Sean M. Anderson, Andrew Stumpff Morrison Feb 2018

Proposal For A Non-Subsidized, Non-Retirement-Plan, Employee-Owned Investment Vehicle To Replace The Esop, Sean M. Anderson, Andrew Stumpff Morrison

Law & Economics Working Papers

The authors have previously been critical of the existing American legal exemption and subsidy regime for employee stock ownership plans (“ESOPs”). By definition such plans create dangerously undiversified investment programs tying employees’ retirement security to the financial health of a single company – which, to compound the problem, is the employees’ employer, thereby correlating participants’ retirement security risk with the risk of losing their jobs. No demonstrated compensating policy benefit justifies this extraordinary large-scale departure from basic principles of financial prudence. One context, however, where a plausible case might be made for employee ownership is that which arises when a …

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Nebraska Business And Consumer Confidence Indexes: February 2, 2018, Eric Thompson Feb 2018

Nebraska Business And Consumer Confidence Indexes: February 2, 2018, Eric Thompson

Leading Economic Indicator Reports

Consumer and business confidence rebounded in Nebraska during January 2018. The Consumer Confidence Index – Nebraska (CCI-N) rose to 115.2, well above the neutral level of 100.0 and a value of 93.3 in December 2017. This is the highest level recorded for the CCI-N since it was first released in February of 2016. The Business Confidence Index – Nebraska (BCI-N) rose to 112.2 in January from 107.5 in December. Both monthly readings were well above the neutral value of 100.0. When asked about the most important issue facing their business, customer demand was mentioned by 40 percent of respondents. The …

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Microfinance And The Decision To Invest In Children’S Education, P.V. Viswanath Feb 2018

Microfinance And The Decision To Invest In Children’S Education, P.V. Viswanath

Faculty Working Papers and Articles

Although one of the primary objectives of microfinance has been the reduction of poverty through the provision of credit for income-generating purposes, evidence of its impact on poverty has been mixed. Even if there is no direct impact of microfinance, there may be an indirect positive impact through the effect of microcredit availability on families’ decisions to invest in their children’s education. In this paper, I describe a study undertaken to gauge the impact of microcredit availability on education expenditures for children of clients of a South Indian microfinance institution. I first look at some determinants of the demand for …

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How Fair Is The New York State Education Aid System?, John Yinger, Emily Gutierrez Feb 2018

How Fair Is The New York State Education Aid System?, John Yinger, Emily Gutierrez

Center for Policy Research

It’s Elementary is a series of essays on topics in education and education policy. The main focus is on education finance in New York State, but general research findings in education and education policy issues in several other states are also discussed. John Yinger, Professor of Economics and Public Administration at the Maxwell School, Syracuse University is the author of most of these essays, although a few are written by or co-authored with other scholars.

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Essays On The Economics Of Driving And Health, Jessica Lynn Peck Feb 2018

Essays On The Economics Of Driving And Health, Jessica Lynn Peck

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This dissertation comprises three essays on the economics of driving and health. The first examines the effect of the ride-hailing service Uber, its launch in New York City in May 2011, and the resulting drunk-driving outcomes in the counties that received service compared with those that did not. The difference-in-differences estimation of this effect implies a 25 to 35 percent decrease in the alcohol-related collision rate for the affected New York City boroughs, or about 40 collisions per month. With differentiated treatment effects for each affected county, the difference-in-differences effect is higher for Manhattan, middling for the Bronx and Brooklyn, …

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Shifted Baselines Reduce Willingness To Pay For Conservation, Loren Mcclenachan, Ryunosuke Matsuura, Payal Shah, Sahan T.M. Dissanayake Feb 2018

Shifted Baselines Reduce Willingness To Pay For Conservation, Loren Mcclenachan, Ryunosuke Matsuura, Payal Shah, Sahan T.M. Dissanayake

Economics Faculty Publications and Presentations

A loss of memory of past environmental degradation has resulted in shifted baselines, which may result in conservation and restoration goals that are less ambitious than if stakeholders had a full knowledge of ecosystem potential. However, the link between perception of baseline states and support for conservation planning has not been tested empirically. Here, we investigate how perceptions of change in coral reef ecosystems affect stakeholders' willingness to pay (WTP) for the establishment of protected areas. Coral reefs are experiencing rapid, global change that is observable by the public, and therefore provide an ideal ecosystem to test links between beliefs …

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Borderplex Business Barometer, Volume 2, Number 2, Thomas M. Fullerton Jr., Adam G. Walke, Omar Solís, Esmeralda P. Muñiz Feb 2018

Borderplex Business Barometer, Volume 2, Number 2, Thomas M. Fullerton Jr., Adam G. Walke, Omar Solís, Esmeralda P. Muñiz

Border Region Modeling Project

No abstract provided.

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Impact Of Electrification On Children's Nutritional Status In Rural Bangladesh, Tomoki Fujii, Abu S. Shonchoy, Sijia Xu Feb 2018

Impact Of Electrification On Children's Nutritional Status In Rural Bangladesh, Tomoki Fujii, Abu S. Shonchoy, Sijia Xu

Research Collection School Of Economics

Access to electricity has the potential to improve the nutritional status of children by a variety of pathways such as increased wealth, reduced fertility through the change in time use, spread of information through technology such as TV, and improved health care services. Yet, the relationship between electrification and children’s nutritional status is rarely explored in the literature. We attempt to fill this lacuna by offering microeconometric evidence from rural Bangladesh, where a rapid expansion of electrification and significant improvement in children’s nutritional status were observed in the past two decades. We find that access to electricity has a positive …

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Essays On Environmental Conditions In Cuba, Gonzalo Cordova Feb 2018

Essays On Environmental Conditions In Cuba, Gonzalo Cordova

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Cuban environmental conditions have not attracted the attention received by otherareas of Cuba's economic performance. Chapter 1 examines selected ambient air pollutants and the use of fossil fuels in Cuba, indicators for which there are relatively better available data, as of the “Special Period” extending into recent years. In contrast with prior anecdotally-driven approaches, the empirical examination aims to specifically identify Cuba's performance and international standing on these indicators through the use of a heterogeneous individual country adaptation of the income-pollution relationship known as the Environmental Kuznets Curve. In response to critiques in the literature, extensive testing of the panel …

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Low Perceived Control Over Health Is Associated With Lower Treatment Uptake In A High Mortality Population Of Bolivian Forager-Farmers, Sarah Alami, Jonathan Stieglitz, Hillard Kaplan, Michael Gurven Jan 2018

Low Perceived Control Over Health Is Associated With Lower Treatment Uptake In A High Mortality Population Of Bolivian Forager-Farmers, Sarah Alami, Jonathan Stieglitz, Hillard Kaplan, Michael Gurven

ESI Publications

Indigenous people worldwide suffer from higher rates of morbidity and mortality than neighboring populations. In addition to having limited access to public health infrastructure, indigenous people may also have priorities and health perceptions that deter them from seeking adequate modern healthcare. Here we propose that living in a harsh and unpredictable environment reduces motivation to pursue deliberate, costly action to improve health outcomes. We assess whether variation in Health Locus of Control (HLC), a psychological construct designed to capture self-efficacy with respect to health, explains variation in treatment uptake behavior among Tsimane Amerindians (N=690; age range: 40–89 years; 55.8% female; …

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The Impact Of Naloxone Access Laws On Opioid Overdose Deaths In The U.S., Elham Erfanian, Alan R. Collins, Daniel Grossman Jan 2018

The Impact Of Naloxone Access Laws On Opioid Overdose Deaths In The U.S., Elham Erfanian, Alan R. Collins, Daniel Grossman

Regional Research Institute Working Papers

Opioid overdose is the leading cause of unintentional death in the U.S. Narcan TM (Naloxone) is a prescription medicine that can reverse overdose effects. This research investigates the effect of Naloxone access laws on overdose death rates using state and temporal variation in the enactment of these laws. We also explore possible spillover effects between Naloxone access laws and overdose death rates across states. Our analyses reveal that when broken down by access law provisions, there exists a mixture of positive and negative effects on overdose death rates depending upon the provision. The results indicate that Naloxone access provisions have …

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Understanding The Decline In Manufacturing Employment, Susan N. Houseman Jan 2018

Understanding The Decline In Manufacturing Employment, Susan N. Houseman

Presentations

No abstract provided.

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Overweight And Obesity: Correlates And Temporal Trends In Global Context, Rajesh Gautam, Amir H. Golnabi, D K. Adak, P Bharati Jan 2018

Overweight And Obesity: Correlates And Temporal Trends In Global Context, Rajesh Gautam, Amir H. Golnabi, D K. Adak, P Bharati

Department of Mathematics Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

This work attempts to highlight the global magnitude of the obesity and examining the evolutionary perspective with focus on the correlates and temporal trend. It is based on a wide literature survey following PRISMA. The data on country wise prevalence was obtained after systematic review of over 500 articles and websites on the prevalence of obesity. A total of 301 entries/data points were found for 84 countries. Regression analysis was computed for 177 countries based on prediction made by WHO to identify the correlates. To find out the regional variation, data on height and weight of two different national surveys …

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Nebraska Business And Consumer Confidence Indexes: January 5, 2018, Eric Thompson Jan 2018

Nebraska Business And Consumer Confidence Indexes: January 5, 2018, Eric Thompson

Leading Economic Indicator Reports

Consumer and business confidence declined in Nebraska during December 2017. The Consumer Confidence Index – Nebraska (CCI-N) fell to 93.3 in December, well below the neutral level of 100.0. The index had reached a record level of 106.2 in November, but that high level of confidence was not sustained. The Business Confidence Index – Nebraska (BCI-N) fell from 114.1 in November to 107.5 in December. While lower, the December reading remains well above the neutral value of 100.0. When asked about the most important issue facing their business, customer demand was mentioned by 38 percent of respondents. The availability and …

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