Digital Commons Network^™

สวัสดิการทางเศรษฐกิจและผลกระทบภายนอกของนโยบายบัตรสวัสดิการแห่งรัฐ, ณิชนันทน์ ขันกสิกรรม

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

จากข้อมูลของสำนักงานคณะกรรมการพัฒนาเศรษฐกิจและสังคมแห่งชาติ ชี้ว่า สัดส่วนของผู้รับผลประโยชน์ของนโยบายนี้ (ผู้ถือบัตร) เป็นคนไม่จนเกือบร้อยละ 90 ของผู้รับผลประโยชน์ทั้งหมด สะท้อนว่า นโยบายบัตรสวัสดิการแห่งรัฐมีความคลาดเคลื่อนในการเจาะจงกลุ่มเป้าหมายจริง คือ คนจนไม่จริงได้รับประโยชน์ ในขณะที่คนจนจริงกลับไม่ได้รับประโยชน์ รวมถึง ยังไม่มีการติดตามและประเมินผลของนโยบายเชิงลึกในแง่ของพฤติกรรมการใช้จ่ายผ่านบัตรสวัสดิการแห่งรัฐ ที่กำกับการใช้จ่ายเพื่อบริโภคสินค้าอุปโภคบริโภคเท่านั้น และห้ามใช้จ่ายเพื่อบริโภคสินค้าให้โทษหรือสินค้าฟุ่มเฟือย การศึกษานี้จึงศึกษามาตรการการแจกเงินภายใต้นโยบายดังกล่าว เพื่อวิเคราะห์อุปสงค์การบริโภคและคำนวณสวัสดิการเศรษฐกิจของผู้ถือบัตรสวัสดิการแห่งรัฐ รวมถึงศึกษาสวัสดิการเศรษฐกิจกรณีดำเนินนโยบายแบบจำกัดการบริโภคสินค้าให้โทษเทียบกับต้นทุนด้านสุขภาพจากการบริโภคสินค้าให้โทษ ผ่านแบบจำลอง LES (Linear Expenditure System) โดยใช้ข้อมูลการสำรวจภาวะเศรษฐกิจและสังคมของครัวเรือน พ.ศ. 2562 ทั่วราชอาณาจักร จากสำนักงานสถิติแห่งชาติ และวิเคราะห์พฤติกรรมการใช้บัตรสวัสดิการแห่งรัฐของผู้บริโภคสินค้าให้โทษจากข้อมูลการสำรวจภาคสนาม โดยใช้สถิติเชิงพรรณนา ผลการศึกษาชี้ว่า นโยบายบัตรสวัสดิการแห่งรัฐช่วยเพิ่มสวัสดิการเศรษฐกิจสูงขึ้น เนื่องจากได้รับเงินช่วยเหลือผ่านบัตร การบริโภคจึงเพิ่มขึ้น อย่างไรก็ตาม เงื่อนไขจำกัดการบริโภคสินค้าให้โทษทำให้สวัสดิการทางเศรษฐกิจของผู้ถือบัตรสูญหายไปบางส่วน ซึ่งชดเชยได้ด้วยความสูญเสียทางสุขภาพที่ลดลง แม้โดยรวม ความสูญเสียทางสุขภาพที่ลดลง (275.01 ล้านบาทต่อปี) มีมูลค่าน้อยกว่าสวัสดิการทางเศรษฐกิจที่สูญหาย (389.38 ล้านบาทต่อปี) แต่มูลค่าสวัสดิการทางเศรษฐกิจที่สูญหายของกลุ่มบริโภคผลิตภัณฑ์ยาสูบ (40.52 ล้านบาทต่อปี) น้อยกว่าความสูญเสียทางสุขภาพที่ลดลง (58.38 ล้านบาทต่อปี) นอกจากนี้ ยังพบว่า ผู้บริโภคสินค้าให้โทษทั้ง 2 ประเภทที่ถือบัตรมีพฤติกรรมสลับกระเป๋าเงินอย่างชัดเจน คือ บริโภคทั้งเครื่องดื่มแอลกอฮอล์และผลิตภัณฑ์ยาสูบเพิ่มขึ้น แสดงว่า การจำกัดการบริโภคสินค้าให้โทษมิอาจควบคุมการบริโภคสินค้าให้โทษได้ โดยเฉพาะในกลุ่มผู้บริโภคที่เสพติดสินค้าให้โทษ หรือบริโภคสินค้าให้โทษเป็นประจำ

Recreational Marijuana In Ohio: A Cost Benefit Analysis, Noah Polanski

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

This study aims to analyze the cost and benefits of legalizing recreational marijuana in Ohio by estimating the monetary value of major cost and benefit items caused by legal recreational marijuana being implementing in Ohio. Key areas that are used in the analysis to give an accurate picture of the costs and benefits of marijuana are the areas of: tax revenue, the labor market, the criminal justice system, public health and safety, and educational attainment. By focusing on changes experienced in other states that have legalized, a realistic estimation of what will happen in Ohio can be made.

Data shows …

Ways Forward In Energy Markets And The Environment, Jacob Nelson

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Renewable energy sources have come to the forefront of energy production policy over the last twenty years. Studies of external and direct costs of both renewable and nonrenewable energy sources have contributed to growing understandings of ways in which these energy sources can be compared in a monetary context. Using data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) alongside international data from the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) among other sources, we have developed forecasts for the future costs, both direct and social, of each energy source as well as a difference-in-difference experiment to determine potential effects of state-level energy …

The Digital Revolution Revisited: Artificial Intelligence & Employment, Nicholas Lavy

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a quickly advancing technology that has the potential to displace a great deal of workers. Unlike past automation-based technologies, I find that high skilled labor is more impacted by AI than lower skilled labor. In order to analyze the impact that AI will have on the labor market, I utilize a fixed effects model for a historical case of automation’s impact on employment and a fitted parameter methodology to analyze the careers most and least exposed to artificial intelligence. My results suggest that an increase in exposure to automation technologies by one percentile leads to a …

Is The Irish Immigration Policy Delivering The Best For Its Economy Through Its Non-Eu Dependent Immigrants. An Empirical Study, Pai M.J Arjun

Masters

The Emerald Isle is fast becoming the next big hotspot for highly skilled migrants aspiring to relocate to the last English-speaking nation within the European Union [EU]. The transition from the state of being an emigrant country to an immigrant nation poses complex opportunities for the country, its people, and the immigrants who relocate in making Ireland their home. Despite a consistent inflow of skilled immigrants migrating into the country since the last few decades, policy reforms adopted in Ireland towards dependent immigrants remain reactive, lacks the backing of studies in evaluating the utilization of available skilled dependent immigrants in …

The Effect Of Low Skill Job Opportunities On Postsecondary Enrollment, Mallory Radesic

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

This research examines the effect that low skill job opportunities have on the probability of enrollment in postsecondary institutions between men and women, namely the construction and manufacturing industries. The research is based on the human capital investment theory, which states that individuals will enroll in postsecondary institutions when the perceived benefits outweigh the costs. More job opportunity heightens the opportunity cost of enrollment, hence lowering the probability of enrollment. After running a probit model, there is evidence that enrollment is countercyclical and that enrollment decisions do not vary significantly between men and women. I find that a 1 percent …

Policies Addressing Barriers To Low-Income Women And Children’S Health Care Utilization In The United States And Kenya: The Role Of Physician Payments And Cash Transfer Programs, Muloongo Simuzingili

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation examined two policies to improve low-income women and children’s healthcare utilization: physician payments and cash transfer programs. Higher physician payments increase the supply of healthcare services while cash transfers increase individuals’ demand for healthcare services. Cash transfer programs can improve health outcomes, yet the extent to which they are a cost-effective strategy is largely understudied. Therefore, this dissertation examines three overarching research questions:

1. Are Medicaid physician fees associated with access to substance abuse disorder (SUD) treatment among low-income women of reproductive age?
2. Do economic preferences moderate cash transfer program effects on children’s health care utilization? Evidence from a …

Are You Ready For Some Football? Estimating The Effect Of American Football Season On Labor Supply In The United States, Luke Petach, Dustin Rumbaugh

Faculty Scholarship

American football season reduces the Monday labor hours of employed men by two-thirds of an hour. A similar effect is found for Friday labor hours. We term these effects the “hangover effect” and “happy hour effect.” Consistent with a wide class of labor market models, the labor supply effect varies over the business cycle, increasing in expansions. The hangover effect implies an intertemporal elasticity of labor supply on the order of 0.014. Evaluated at the median hourly wage, our estimates imply an annual economic cost of foregone earnings associated with football season in the neighborhood of $5.06 billion.

Working Joblessness: Young People Deploying 21st Century Skills In Post-Conflict Liberia And Sierra Leone, Frances Fortune

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

In Liberia, state economic development policies based on the resource extractive industry's short-term needs have produced too few job opportunities for young people. The development policies have failed to grow the private sector to create jobs, recognize the importance of urbanization, or expand the informal economy's contribution to employment in urban areas. As a result, young people are obliged to use their creativity and digital connections to make a living outside of the normative models of work using an organic social process of bricolage. Bricolage is a type of entrepreneurship or a form of action which can occur in resource-scare …

The Determinants Of Export Performance And The Perspective To Improve International Competitiveness For Thai Fisheries Sector., Phatcharaphorn Kantasen

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Thailand has been one of the major exporters in the global fish market. As globalization and economic integrations continue to increase, the Thai fisheries industry is facing increasingly tough competition from other competitors. Understanding Thailand's global competitiveness is important for the fisheries industry there to compete successfully. The study seeks to determine whether significant indicators have a significant relationship to export value and to explore ways to improve Thai fisheries sector export competitiveness. This study of export performance as the competitiveness in the fisheries sector is obtained through Porter’s diamond model and multiple regression method. The results clarify the determinants …

The Application Of Marketing Analysis : A Case Study Of Starbucks In The Us, Norke Lama Sherpa

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Starbucks Corporation is an American multinational with coffee stores all across the world and is the leading market share in a retail coffee stores. In this Individual Study I will be assessing the marketing strategy of Starbucks in the USA by applying SWOT analysis, Marketing Mix 4ps, and Porter's 5 forces. A qualitative Literature Review of previous studies was used as a methodology to assess the marketing strategies of Starbucks. Furthermore, in order to find which marketing strategy Starbucks can implement to increase its market share, I used the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM), and External and Internal Factor Evaluation …

A Case Study Of Brunch Time Co.Ltd On Marketing Analysis Toward Diamond Grain Product, Kodchakorn Trangkasan

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Brunch time Company Limited has been in the granola products industry since 2012. The company value contributed to 167 million baht within three years, during 2014 to 2017. This paper mainly focuses on marketing analysis of Diamond Grains Granola products. It observes the decision in which Diamond Grains has made to launch ready-to-eat products in Thailand. SWOT analysis is used to analyze the company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The results of the analysis explain how the company has come to this business decision. The study found that Diamond Grains has a strong and first brand in the Thai’s granola …

The Prospect Of Indonesian Government Retail Sukuk: From The Perspective Of Sharia Financial Knowledge, Education, And Behavior, Fajri Adrianto

DLSU Business & Economics Review

As a source of government financing, the Indonesian government’s retail Sukuk is still not as popular as conventional government bonds. The Indonesian government has issued serial retail Sukuks with the code SR to get funds from retail investors, especially those concerned with Sharia values. Sharia financial literacy is expected to determine the success of this Sukuk. This study fills the gap of previous research on financial literacy by investigating the Sharia financial literacy in the investment decision. This study investigates the descriptive analysis of Sharia financial literacy in Indonesia and its relationship with the prospect of retail Sukuk issued by …

Reinforcing The Role Of Intellectual Property In The Battle Against The Pandemic: The Vowel Framework, Daniel S. Hofilena

DLSU Business & Economics Review

The intellectual property (IP) system plays a vital role in public health crises as everyone should have access to medicines and equipment to protect themselves. Thus, the State can utilize the system for the greater good. An IP-centric approach can be summarized using the simple letters of the vowels: Awareness – for the populace to respect IP rights, they must first be educated as to its value; Enforcement – for infringers to be discouraged, IP holders should have an avenue for the easy enforcement of their rights; Incentivize – for businesses to be encouraged to invest in certain forms of …

Genetically Modified Corn Diffusion And Biofuel Usage: Impacts On Corn Belt Cropping Systems Changes, Kenneth Annan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The adoption of genetically modified (GM) crops, the rise of ethanol production that produced an additional derived demand for corn, and the increasingly prominent position of corn and soybeans in crop rotations embody major changes in U.S. agriculture during the past decades. This study investigates the linkages among these developments in two ways. First, we look at how biotechnology and biofuels have influenced cropping system changes in the Corn Belt region of the United States, using state-level data from 2000 to 2019. Second, we investigate the determinants of corn acreage intensification levels and heterogeneity at the state level using data …

Field Management Research In Vietnam: Lessons For Navigating Social, Cultural, And Data Challenges, Phuong Anh Nguyen

School of Economics and Business Administration Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Natural Resource Curse, Economic Freedom, Economic Growth And Development: Case Of Africa, Oluwatomisin Shalom Akinbo

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Over the years, there has been discord or lack of agreement on the effect that natural resources have on economic growth and development. This study adopts output approach to investigate the effect that natural resources and institutions (Economic Freedom) have on economic growth for the period of 1960 to 2020 using World Bank data. The analysis employs Multiple Regression Analysis based on augmented Ordinary Least Squares Regression methods. The results are mixed, as the outcome indicates that, while natural resources are positively related to economic growth, there exists a crowding out effect between natural resources and two sectors of the …

Redefining Sustainable Tourism In Covid-19: A Political-Economy Approach, Eylla Laire M. Gutierrez

DLSU Business & Economics Review

Tourism has emerged as a critical sector generating economic growth and development across countries in the world. However, in the face of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is also considered as one of the most heavily hit sectors. Given the backdrop of all the measures implemented to prevent the spread of the outbreak and the changing mindset of actors towards travel, sustainable tourism is expected to play a more critical role in the face of the new normal. This article aims to provide a better understanding of sustainable tourism by utilizing a political economy approach. Specifically, this article …

Risk Perception In Respect Of Equity Shares: A Literature Review And Future Research Agenda, Ranjit Singh, K. Kajol, Jayashree Bhattacharjee

DLSU Business & Economics Review

The purpose of this paper is to systematically review the literature published on various aspects of risk perception about equity investment. It also aims to raise specific questions for future research. A comprehensive and systematic literature review is done to get the insights of the available literature with an objective to identify the determinants of equity-share-related risk perception and identify its impact that influences equity investment behavior. The study found that risk perception can be measured mainly by using the axiomatic approach, socio cultural group approach, emotional reactions, marketing mix approach, and psychometric approach. It is also found that the …

Pengaruh Jam Kerja Orang Tua Terhadap Kognitif Anak Di Indonesia, Pradini Ajeng Gemellia, Turro S. Wongkaren

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia

The current phenomenon shows an increasing work activities by both fathers and mothers to fulfil household needs. This social change is feared to give children imbalance time, causing children’s development to be not optimal. This study aims to see the influence of parental working hour on children’s cognitive scores in Indonesia. This study used data from IFLS Survey in 2007 and 2014 with a unit of analysis of children aged 7 to 14 used an OLS estimation method. The results of this study indicate that parental working hours had negative influence on children’s cognitive scores.

The Economic Costs Of Biological Invasions Around The World, R. D. Zenni, F. Essl, E. García-Berthou, Shana M. Mcdermott

Economics Faculty Research

No abstract provided.

Theorizing #Girlboss Culture: Mediated Neoliberal Feminisms From Influencers To Multi-Level Marketing Schemes, Frankie Mastrangelo

Theses and Dissertations

I define girlboss feminism as emergent, mediated formations of neoliberal feminism that equate feminist empowerment with financial success, market competition, individualized work-life balance, and curated digital and physical presences driven by self-monetization. I look toward how the mediation of girlboss feminism utilizes branded and affective engagements with representational politics, discourses of authenticity and rebellion, as well as meritocratic aspiration to promote cultural interest in conceptualizing feminism in ways that are divorced from collective, intersectional struggle. I question the stakes involved in reducing feminist interrogations and commitments to discourses of representation, visibility, and meritocracy. I argue that while girlboss feminism may …

Essays On U.S. Narrative Tax Changes And Volatility In Housing Market, Masud Alam

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

This dissertation consists of three independent but methodologically similar chapters focusing on the impact of U.S. tax policy changes and understanding the risk-return examination of the U.S. real estate investment trusts (REIT) equity returns. The first and second chapters examine how the U.S. federal and state level economies are likely to react to narrative personal and corporate income tax changes. The third chapter investigates the responses of the U.S. real estate investment trusts (REIT) equity returns to volatility in the U.S. housing market as measured by a newly constructed risk index.

The first chapter examines the short- and long-run effects …

Parental Financial Assistance To Young Adult Children And The Black-White Wealth Gap, Yunju Nam, Darrick Hamilton, Christopher Famighetti

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

We examine the roles of parental financial assistance to young adult children for college, homeownership, and “other reasons” in explaining the Black-White wealth gap. Using Panel Study of Income Dynamics data, we run Blinder-Oaxaca decompositions. Results show that the socioeconomic position of Black parents, not their proclivity to give, explains lower receipt of parental assistance for Black adult children—especially in the form of assistance for college and homeownership, which in turn, translates into the intergenerational reproduction of the racial wealth gap. Accordingly, policies should focus on equalizing resource endowments for adult children across racial lines. The findings support a structural/stratification …

Export Success And Sustainable Strategies For Cameroonian Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises, Christian N. Bikai

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractAccording to the Cameroon Ministry of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) constitute 99.8% of companies, employ over 70% of the active population, and contribute significantly to economic growth and development. However, less than 25% of new SMEs in Cameroon survive beyond 3 years. Sustainability is essential to small business owners in exporting coffee from Cameroon as an indicator of economic growth and job creation. The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study guided by the transaction cost economics theory was to explore strategies owners of small businesses exporting coffee from Cameroon use to sustain business beyond …

Strategies Worker-Owned Cooperatives Use To Remain Profitable During Economic Downturns, Termaine Davis

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

New managers of worker-owned cooperatives who fail to adapt to changing conditions can threaten the organization’s viability. Some new managers of worker-owned cooperatives may lack the strategies they need to maintain consistent employment levels during economic downturns. Grounded in the expected utility theory, the purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore the strategies used by managers of worker-owned cooperatives to maintain consistent employment levels during sustained periods of low revenue. Participants comprised seven managers of worker-owned cooperatives with a minimum of 5 years’ experience in the Midwest of the United States managing cooperatives during sustained periods of …

Winning The War On Poverty: Tracking Living Standards In The Philippines Using A Class Of Axiomatic Indices, John Paolo R. Rivera

DLSU Business & Economics Review

Poverty has persistently badgered the Philippines and alleviating it has been the fundamental thrust of government. However, this was hampered by the recent pandemic resulting in economic contraction plunging many Filipino households into poverty and widening inequality. Bootstrapping the economy is needed to fast-track recovery through resumption of innovative reforms vital to pursue a higher growth path that will accelerate poverty reduction. To do this, it is necessary to understand where the Philippines stands, using household data. Without updated measures and well-informed national and regional profiles on living standards, poverty reduction is bleak, as programs to facilitate it remain to …

Introduction To Economics (Single-Semester): Oer Course Packet, David Owens

Economics Faculty Scholarship

This packet describes the structure of a single-semester introductory economics course with no prerequisites that uses no calculus. The content is primarily constituted of open educational resources (OER). The packet is organized as a 13-week, 26-lecture semester, with problem sets due at the end of each week, midterm exams after lectures 8 and 18, and a final exam at the end of the semester. The included materials correspond to an introductory course taught by the author at Haverford College in the Fall semester of 2020. Instructors may use all or any portion of the included materials that may help them …

Fintech's Role In Exacerbating Or Reducing The Wealth Gap, Pamela Foohey, Nathalie Martin

Scholarly Works

Research shows that Black, Latinx, and other minorities pay more for credit and banking services, and that wealth accumulation differs starkly between their households and white households. The link between debt inequality and the wealth gap, however, remains less thoroughly explored, particularly in light of new credit products and debt-like banking services, such as early wage access and other fintech innovations. These innovations both hold the promise of reducing racial and ethnic disparities in lending and bring concerns that they may be exploited in ways that perpetuate inequality. They also come at a time when policy makers are considering how …

Bursting The Auto Loan Bubble In The Wake Of Covid-19, Pamela Foohey

Scholarly Works

Before the COVID-19 pandemic, auto loans outstanding in the United States had soared to record highs. The boom in lending spanned new and used cars and traditional and subprime loans. With loan delinquencies also hitting new highs almost every quarter, predictions that the auto lending market could burst soon abounded. When the economy came to a grinding halt and unemployment skyrocketed in the wake of the pandemic, auto lenders knew they were facing a crisis. Throughout 2020, auto lenders granted more payment forbearances to consumers, while slashing interest rates on new loans. Auto manufacturers similarly made promises to buyers, such …