Digital Commons Network^™

Monitoring And Trends Of Antimicrobial Use In Livestock Production, Elliott James Dennis

Cornhusker Economics

There has been growing consumer and human medical profession concern about the use of “Shared Use/Medically Important” antimicrobials in food-animal production. The concern partially stems from the concern that livestock and poultry fed antimicrobials can develop resistant bacteria which can then be passed on to humans primarily via consumed meat and poultry products. To curtail this real or hypothetical consumer concern, major restaurants, food service companies, food processors, and supermarkets have pledged to reduce or eliminate meat and poultry that were raised with a non-negative quantity of antimicrobials. For example, Wendy’s© pledged that 50% of procured beef would come from …

Career Paths With A Two-Body Problem: Occupational Specialization And Geographic Mobility, Valeria Rueda, Guillaume Wilemme

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

We develop a model of joint job search and occupational choice in which job opportunities can be incompatible inside the couple. Typically, incompatibilities may arise because jobs are not in the same location. We show that the existence of incompatible jobs pushes some couples to sacrifice the career of one partner. The model predicts occupational switches throughout the career and at the time of couple formation. Gendered equilibria, whereby all women (or men) choose the accommodating occupation, may arise. Any element of ex-ante unfavorable gender gaps—for instance, due to discrimination or norms—is amplified and can generate large systemic differences in …

Refusing To Die: Programmatic Goods In The Fight Against Covid-19 In Sampang Regency, Endik Hidayat, Daniel Susilo

Jurnal Politik

This article discusses programmatic distributive politics in the villages in Sampang Regency during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study seeks to answer the forms of programmatic goods distributed in Sampang during the pandemic. This study employs qualitative methods and chose ten villages in Sampang as its case study due to Sampang’s achievement in maintaining its green zone status for the longest period in East Java. This article shows that there have been shifts in the bupati’s relationships with the village heads, from what was previously transactional prior to the pandemic to be more collaborative in efforts to contain the spread of …

الشغف الاستراتيجي ودوره في بناء المنظمات الريادية دراسة تطبيقية في المستشفيات الاهلية في محافظة النجف الاشرف, هاشم فوزي العبادي, حوراء رشيد الموسوي

Muthanna Journal of Administrative and Economics Sciences

الغرض: بدأ الشغف الاستراتيجي في الآونة الأخيرة في جذب عدد متزايد من الباحثين على الرغم من وجود عدد قليل من الدراسات المنهجية، إلا أن ظاهرة الشغف سائدة بين رواد الأعمال وهذه دعوة لإجراء دراسات تجريبية ومنهجية من الشغف الاستراتيجي في ريادة الأعمال لتقديم رؤى للممارسة حيث يهدف البحث إلى تطبيق الشغف الاستراتيجي لبناء منظمات ريادية. التصميم ، المنهجية ، النهج : باستخدام مقاربة نوعية في دراسة تطبيقية المتعمقة، تمت دراسة مستشفيات أهلية تعدُّ من المشاريع المتطورة في القطاع الصحي في محافظة النجف الأشرف. النتائج : تشير النتائج بقوة إلى أن أسس بناء منظمات ريادية على مستوى المؤسسات الصحية تتطلب شغف …

الرفاهية الروحية وتأثيرها على اداء العمل الفردي دراسة استطلاعية لآراء عينة من الموظفين العاملين في جامعة تكريت /كلية الإدارة والاقتصاد, روى احمد إبراهيم حمادي, طارق عزيز كردي, ثائر جاسم محمد

Muthanna Journal of Administrative and Economics Sciences

يهدف هذا البحث الى التعرف على الرفاهية الروحية واثرها على أداء العمل الفردي في كلية الإدارة والاقتصاد /جامعة تكريت , وتقديم عدد من النتائج والتوصيات التي تساهم في توفير الرفاهية الروحية في كلية الإدارة والاقتصاد والوقوف على مستوى أداء العمل الفردي بين العاملين فيها , واعتمدت الباحثة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي وكذلك الاستعانة بالبرنامج الإحصائي (SPSS) حيث طبق هذا البحث على عينة عشوائية مكونة من (250) عامل , ولتحقيق اهداف البحث تم تطوير استبانة بالاستعانة بالدراسات السابقة من اجل قياس متغيرات البحث, وقد توصل البحث الى مجموعة نتائج اهمها : تلعب الرفاهية الروحية دور هام في نجاح أداء العمل الفردي لدى …

السمعة التنظيمية ودورها في الانغماس التنظيمي دراسة تحليلية لاَراء عينة من تدريسي جامعة وارث الانبياء (ع), صلاح مهدي عباس اليساري

Muthanna Journal of Administrative and Economics Sciences

اهتمت الدراسة الحالية بتحديد أثر السمعة التنظيمية في الانغماس التنظيمي في جامعة وارث الأنبياء ع . وقد أجريت الدراسة على (50) تدريسي في جامعة الوارث وقد تم تصميم استبانة لجمع البيانات المطلوبة من اجل قياس الأبعاد الفرعية للسمعة التنظيمية مع الابعاد الفرعية للانغماس الوظيفي ولغرض تحديد مستوى التأثير ما بين المتغيرات . وقد تم استخدام مجموعة من الوسائل الإحصائية في قياس المتغيرات ذات العلاقة (الوسط الحسابي، الانحراف المعياري، معامل الارتباط “بيرسون” )، وتشير الدراسة إلى وجود علاقة ارتباط ذات دلالة معنويه بين مكونات السمعة التنظيمية بأبعادها ( المسؤولية الاجتماعية , صورة المنظمة , الابداع , جودة الخدمة , جذب الموهوبين …

Barriers To Post-Secondary Success, Douglas Swanson, Najeana Henderson, Maritza Sloan

Dissertations

This study reviews factors that prior studies have identified or failed to consider as barriers to post-secondary success. The three main areas include academic success for Latinx students after high school, organizational systems and their impact on African-American students’ postsecondary readiness, and what workers think of their high school education with regards to career preparedness.

Five factors are identified as major barriers for Latinx students to continue in a higher education system. A survey of former students from Saint Louis, Missouri, and Dallas, Texas, metroplex area identified 56 Latinx students that participated in an initial survey. This led to a …

دور الوضوح الاستراتيجي في المنظمات الريادية: دراسة استطلاعية لآراء عينة من اعضاء الهيئة التدريسية في كلية الادارة والاقتصاد/ جامعة القادسية, حميدة غجير جريمخ

Muthanna Journal of Administrative and Economics Sciences

الغرض من البحث الحالي هو معرفة علاقة الوضوح الاستراتيجي والمتمثل بـ(وضوح الانشطة والاجراءات, ووضوح الاهداف, ووضوح استعمال الموارد, و وضوح دور الموظفين, ووضوح الهيكل التنظيمي, و وضوح الادوار القيادية) التي تمتلكها العينة المدروسة, في المنظمات الريادية و المتمثلة بـ (الاستقلالية, والابداعية, والاستباقية, وتحمل المخاطرة), واعتمد البحث على الاستبانة كأداة رئيسة لجمع البيانات الضرورية واللازمة لتحقيق هدفها. اذ تم توزيع (67) استمارة لتحديد مستوى توافر الوضوح الاستراتيجي والمنظمات الريادية, وعليه تم استخدام (55) استمارة صالحة للتحليل، فضلا عن انه تم استعمال مجموعة من الاساليب الاحصائية متمثل بالوسط الحسابي الموزون، والانحراف المعياري، ومعامل الارتباط البسيط بيرسون، ومعامل الانحدار البسيط. وأظهرت نتائج البحث …

Determinates Of Georgia White-Tailed Deer Harvests, Evan W. Page

Honors College Theses

This manuscript provides recent evidence regarding the determinates of white-tailed deer harvest densities in the state of Georgia. The data from the 2016/17-2020/21 deer hunting seasons indicates total deer harvest density is positively influenced by the prior year’s mature buck harvest density, the turkey harvest density, higher unemployment rates, higher median incomes, and a higher level of education. Deer harvest density was found to be negatively impacted by larger public land harvests the year before and greater human population densities.

The Effects Of U.S. Fiscal Policy On Income Inequality ( 1913 – 2013 ), J.D. Lewis

Theses and Dissertations

Income inequality in the United States has reached a level not seen since the Great Depression. Some academics and lawmakers suggest that growing inequality is due to changes in fiscal policy, arguing that cuts in taxes and government spending have reduced the inequality-mitigating effect of fiscal redistribution. While older research provides some support for this argument, newer research suggests otherwise. This disagreement in the literature led me to ask, How has fiscal policy affected income inequality in the United States during the last century? This study seeks to answer this question using data from Piketty et al. (2018), which includes …

Editorial - Subsistence Marketplaces: Journal, Knowledge-Practice Portal, And Organization, Madhu Viswanathan

Subsistence Marketplaces

Subsistence Marketplaces: Journal, Knowledge-Practice Portal and Organization

Returns To International Migration: Evidence From A Bangladesh-Malaysia Visa Lottery, Ahmed Mushfiq Mobarak, Iffath A. Sharif, Maheshwor Shrestha

Discussion Papers

We follow 3,512 (of 1.4 million) applicants to a government lottery that randomly allocated visas to Bangladeshis for low-skilled, temporary labor contracts in Malaysia. Most lottery winners migrate, and their remittance substantially raises their family’s standard of living in Bangladesh. The migrant’s absence pauses demographic changes (marriage, childbirth, household formation), and shifts decision-making power towards females. Migration removes enterprising individuals, lowering household entrepreneurship, but does not crowd out other family members’ labor supply. One group of applicants were offered deferred migration that never materialized. Improved migration prospects induce pre-migration investments in skills that generate no returns in the domestic market.

The Economic Impact Of Coal And Coal-Fired Power Generation In West Virginia, Christiadi, Eric Bowen, John Deskins

Bureau of Business & Economic Research

While coal production in West Virginia has declined by more than 50 percent over the past decade or so, the sector remains an important part of the state’s economy. In this report, we consider the contribution of coal mining and coal-fired power generation to the state’s employment base, economic output, and tax revenue.

Economic Outlook For Lakeshore Advantage: Getting To 2030, Jim Robey, Kathleen Bolter, Gerrit Anderson, Emily Boyle, Claudette Robey, Brian Pittelko, Jennifer Nichols, Minh Dang

Reports

Lakeshore Advantage, a nonprofit economic development organization serving businesses in Allegan and Ottawa counties, teamed up with the W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research to better understand the long-term economic health of its region. The Upjohn Institute conducted an analysis of Allegan and Ottawa counties to hone in on the strengths of these communities and offer insights on where improvements are needed to grow the region and achieve Lakeshore Advantage’s 2030 goals which include ranking at or above selected comparative communities for median household income, average annual pay, total employment growth, and educational attainment. This study includes an examination of …

Examining The Impact Of Socioeconomic Variables On Covid-19 Death Rates At The State Level, James L. Doti

Economics Faculty Articles and Research

This study uses a step-wise regression model to identify the socioeconomic variables most significant in explaining COVID-19 death rates on a state-level basis. The regression tests cover the 1/1/2020 to 12/1/2020 period as well as the first and second halves of 2020. This study also uses the Oxford stringency index to measure more precisely the efficacy of governmental mandates at the state level. The results in this study rigorously showed that while the density variables were the most significant explanatory variables during the first half of the year, their significance fell during the second half. Use of the Oxford stringency …

How Would A Permanently Refundable Child And Dependent Care Credit Affect Eligibility, Benefits, And Incentives?, Gabrielle Pepin

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

The federal Child and Dependent Care Credit (CDCC) subsidizes child care costs for working families. Before 2021, the CDCC was nonrefundable, so only families with positive tax liability after other deductions benefited. I estimate how CDCC eligibility, benefits, and marginal tax rates would change if the credit were made permanently refundable, relative to 2020 CDCC parameters set to be restored in 2022. Under refundability, some 5 percent of single parents gain eligibility and receive on average over $1,000 annually. Eligibility increases are largest among Black and Hispanic households. Increases in marginal tax rates among moderate-income taxpayers are small.

Labor Market Trends And Outcomes: What Has Changed Since The Great Recession?, Erica L. Groshen, Harry J. Holzer

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

We describe trends in wages and labor force participation for the “working class”—whom we define as workers with high school or less education—compared to those with college or more. We compare cyclical peaks over the entire period 1979–2019, with particular focus on the Great Recession (2007–2010) and recovery (2010–2019). We also present results by gender and race. We find real wage growth in the latter period for all workers, but not enough to change the long-term trends of growing inequality and stagnant wages for the less-educated; and we also find that labor force participation continued to decline for the less-educated, …

Effects Of Actual And Perceived Air Pollution On U.S. Twitter Sentiment, George R. Garcia Iii

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Objective

This study examines the associations between actual and perceived air pollution (PM_2.5, AQI, and ground visibility), weather information, and expressed sentiment via US Twitter. Heterogeneity in the associations across date and county characteristics are also explored.

Methods

A sentiment index was constructed using 27,827,828 geotagged U.S. tweets posted between May 31 and November 30, 2015. Associations between AQI category changes and the sentiment index were estimated using multi-cutoff regression discontinuity models. Associations between same-day and lagged PM_2.5, ground visibility, and the sentiment index were estimated using weighted linear regression models. Models include weather variables and …

Globalization, Trade Imbalances, And Labor Market Adjustment, Rafael Dix-Carneiro, João Paulo Pessoa, Ricardo Reyes-Heroles, Sharon Traiberman

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

We study the role of global trade imbalances in shaping the adjustment dynamics in response to trade shocks. We build and estimate a general equilibrium, multicountry, multisector model of trade with two key ingredients: 1) consumption-saving decisions in each country commanded by representative households, leading to endogenous trade imbalances, and 2) labor market frictions across and within sectors, leading to unemployment dynamics and sluggish transitions to shocks. We use the estimated model to study the behavior of labor markets in response to globalization shocks, including shocks to technology, trade costs, and intertemporal preferences (savings gluts). We find that modeling trade …

The Impact Of China’S Environmental And Trade Policies On U.S. Plastic And Paper Waste Exports, Savant Nzayiramya, John C. Beghin

Cornhusker Economics

This article documents major environmental and trade policy changes in China and their impact on plastic and paper waste trade between the U.S. and China and other trade partners. The article explains how U.S. plastic waste exports have been nearly annihilated by these policies. Paper waste trade is more resilient and has survived the policy shifts in China, although quite diminished.

Pornography: Social, Emotional And Mental Implications Among Adolescents, William Kelly Canady

National Youth Advocacy & Resilience Conference

This presentation will explain the historical development of pornography. It will highlight four segments: 1- Porn’s impact on brain development of reward pathways, ultimately increasing the appetite for more porn. 2- Porn can be a false substitute for real intimacy, resulting in decreased sexual satisfaction with a real person and increased verbal and physical aggression. 3- Porn promotes sex trafficking, promotes multiple sex partners and reduced STD prevention. 4- A review of interventions available to assist clients in navigating a lifestyle away from pornography.

Beyond Pandemic Pedagogy: Thoughts On Deconstruction, Structure, And Justice Post-Pandemic, Samantha Cutrara

The Councilor: A National Journal of the Social Studies

No abstract provided.

Decentralization And Welfare: Theory And An Empirical Analysis Using Philippine Data, Tristan A. Canare

Economics Department Faculty Publications

This study theoretically and empirically analyzes the relationship between decentralization and welfare. The model identifies conditions in which a decentralized government is utility-maximizing compared to a centralized one. The empirical analysis utilized data from Philippine provinces to study the relationship between several decentralization indicators and welfare, as measured by per capita income, human development index, and poverty. Results suggest that fiscal independence, or the ability of local governments to generate their own revenues to finance their own expenditures rather than relying on central government transfers, is positively associated with per capita income and HDI. Moreover, this relationship is stronger when …

The Perceived Ethics Of Artificial Intelligence, Ross Murray

Markets, Globalization & Development Review

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is being used by millions of consumers in their daily lives. Although this technology is providing convenience, information, and instant gratification the underlying moral framework that AI uses remains largely unknown to the consumers of the technology. Two of the mostly widely used moral approaches (deontology and teleology), and their implications for AI, are discussed. The context of chatbots that use AI is examined, specifically exploring Amazon’s Alexa. The context illustrates the issue of the latent moral frameworks that AI technologies use when interacting with consumers or the environment. Although AI holds the promise of many potential …

The Complex Challenges Of Protecting Consumers, Deniz Atik, Nikhilesh Dholakia

Markets, Globalization & Development Review

No abstract provided.

Slippery Fish: Enforcing Regulation When Agents Learn And Adapt, Andres Gonzalez Lira, Ahmed Mushfiq Mobarak

Discussion Papers

Attempts to curb undesired behavior through regulation gets complicated when agents can adapt to circumvent enforcement. We test a model of enforcement with learning and adaptation, by auditing vendors selling illegal fish in Chile in a randomized controlled trial, and tracking them daily using mystery shoppers. Conducting audits on a predictable schedule and (counter-intuitively) at high frequency is less effective, as agents learn to take advantage of loopholes. A consumer information campaign proves to be almost as cost-effective and curbing illegal sales, and obviates the need for complex monitoring and policing. The Chilean government subsequently chooses to scale up this …

Gas Stations And The Wealth Divide: Analyzing Spatial Correlations Between Wealth And Fuel Branding, Jean-Carl Ende

Dissertations and Theses

The gasoline refining and sales industry has many peculiarities. One such oddity is a difference in sales, distribution and pricing between branded and unbranded gasolines. Although fuels leave the refinery a uniform commodity, branding determines entirely different marketing and pricing schemes, with entirely different volatility and risk premiums. In order to determine if this volatility is felt evenly across all wealth demographics, this study uses t-tests and CART models to analyze income, home value and other wealth-based indicators in the areas surrounding gas stations, to determine if there is a correlation between branding and wealth. The results show the wealth …

Scientific And Methodogical Aspects Of The Formation Of An Innovative Set Of Services, Dilnoza Davron Kizi Djurayeva

Scientific reports of Bukhara State University

Introduction. This article considers the methodological aspects of innovative development and research of the service sector at the current stage of economic development, scientifically based proposals and recommendations for the balanced development and diversification of service enterprises, improving the efficiency of the service sector of the economy. Methodological issues of improving the practical mechanisms of application of innovative technologies and tools in the field have been studied. Research methods. Ensuring the rapid growth of the service sector in the country, further support of entrepreneurship and the creation of new jobs for the population, as well as the balanced development and …

Human Capital And Black-White Earnings Gaps, 1996–2017, Owen Thompson

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

This paper estimates the contribution of human capital to the Black-white earnings gap in three separate samples of men spanning from 1966 through 2017, using both educational attainment and performance on standardized tests to measure human capital. There are three main findings. First, the magnitude of reductions in the Black-white earnings gap that occur after controlling for human capital has become much larger over time, suggesting a growing contribution of human capital to Black-white earnings disparities. Second, these increases are almost entirely due to growth in the returns to human capital, which magnify the impact of any racial differences in …

Finances, Depressive Symptoms, Destructive Conflict, And Coparenting Among Lower-Income, Unmarried Couples: A Two-Wave, Cross-Lagged Analysis, Melissa A. Curran, Xiaomin Li, Melissa Barnett, Olena Kopstynska, Alexa B. Chandler, Ashley B. Lebaron

Faculty Publications

Following from an adapted family stress model (FSM), we used two-wave, secondary data from the Building Strong Families project, focusing on 4,424 primarily lower-income, unmarried couples expecting their first child together. We used cross-lagged analyses to test the directionality of the associations among financial difficulties, depressive symptoms, destructive interparental conflict, and coparenting alliance for both fathers and mothers when children were 15 and 36 months old. Two of the three hypotheses provided support for the FSM. First, destructive conflict predicted coparenting alliance (but not the reverse). Specifically, higher destructive conflict at 15 months for both fathers and mothers predicted lower …