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Dual Effects Of Health Insurance And Socioeconomic Status On Healthcare Utilization And Unmet Needs In Thailand: Insights From Two Surveys, Kanokluck Thongkalya

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

In Thailand, universal health coverage (UHC) has expanded insurance enrollment. However, barriers to healthcare access persist across socioeconomic and employment sectors. Existing literature often examines the effects of socioeconomic status (SES) and health insurance separately, leaving a gap in understanding how these factors jointly influence healthcare outcomes. This study investigates the combined influence of SES and health insurance on healthcare utilization and unmet needs, emphasizing the importance of considering both factors together. Given Thailand’s labor market, which includes both formal and informal sectors, understanding how different types of health insurance correspond to varying SES levels is essential for assessing access …

Globalization And Income Inequality: A Panel Data Econometric Approach, Yuwei Jiang

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This research investigates the nexus between three distinct phases of globalization and income inequality in the contemporary era. The initial section of the literature review delineates these phases, while the subsequent section presents empirical evidence regarding the correlation between globalization and income distribution. This analysis employs employment GINI coefficients to examine the relationship between economic and financial globalization and within-country income inequality. Our study encompasses data from over 103 countries across six continents, spanning the period from 1990 to 2020. To achieve this, we commenced with a comprehensive literature review and subsequently performed an empirical analysis over the specified period; …

การประเมินต้นทุนทางเศรษฐศาสตร์ของผลกระทบทางสุขภาพอันเนื่องมาจากมลพิษทางอากาศ Pm2.5 ในประเทศไทย: กรณีศึกษา จังหวัดกรุงเทพมหานครและสงขลา ในปี พ.ศ. 2565, นวพร ระลึกมูล

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การศึกษานี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาต้นทุนที่เกิดขึ้นจากการเสียชีวิตด้วยโรคจากมลพิษทางอากาศที่มีสาเหตุมาจาก PM2.5 ในประเทศไทย โดยจะแบ่งออกเป็น 2 จังหวัด คือ จังหวัดกรุงเทพมหานครและสงขลา ต้นทุนคำนวณด้วยวิธี Cost of illness และวิธีทุนมนุษย์ โดยใช้วิธี Prevalence-based approach เนื่องจากการศึกษานี้สนใจผลกระทบ ณ จุดเวลาใดเวลาหนึ่ง ผลการศึกษาพบว่า กรุงเทพฯ มีต้นทุนเกิดขึ้นทั้งหมดเท่ากับ 3,777,675,485.97 บาท คิดเป็นต้นทุนต่อประชากรเท่ากับ 432.74 บาท และต้นทุนคิดเป็นร้อยละของมูลค่าผลิตภัณฑ์มวลรวมจังหวัด (GPP) เท่ากับร้อยละ 0.065 สำหรับสงขลามีต้นทุนเกิดขึ้นทั้งหมดเท่ากับ 282,759,567.57 บาท คิดเป็นต้นทุนต่อประชากรเท่ากับ 174.45 บาท และต้นทุนคิดเป็นร้อยละของ GPP เท่ากับร้อยละ 0.111 ต้นทุนที่เกิดขึ้นส่วนใหญ่เกิดจากต้นทุนทางอ้อมที่เกิดจากการเสียชีวิตก่อนวัยอันควร คิดเป็นร้อยละ 99.55 และร้อยละ 99.06 ของต้นทุนทั้งหมดในกรุงเทพฯ และสงขลา ตามลำดับ ต้นทุนที่เกิดขึ้นนั้นพบว่ามีความแตกต่างกันของทั้งสองจังหวัด เป็นเพราะระดับความเข้มข้นของฝุ่น PM2.5 แตกต่างกัน ส่งผลต่อจำนวนผู้ที่ได้รับผลกระทบจากฝุ่น PM2.5 อีกทั้งระดับรายได้ที่แตกต่างกันของทั้งสองจังหวัดก็มีผลต่อมูลค่าต้นทุนที่เกิดขึ้น จึงทำให้ต้นทุนจากการที่ได้รับผลกระทบจากฝุ่น PM2.5 ในกรุงเทพฯ มากกว่าต้นทุนที่เกิดขึ้นในสงขลา แต่เมื่อทำการวิเคราะห์เปรียบเทียบกับ GPP ของแต่ละจังหวัดกลับพบว่าสงขลาต้องแบกรับต้นทุนจากผลกระทบทางสุขภาพด้วยสาเหตุจาก PM2.5 มากกว่าจังหวัดกรุงเทพมหานคร ถึงแม้ว่าสงขลาจะมีปัญหาฝุ่น PM2.5 ไม่รุนแรงมากนักแต่ก็พบว่ามีต้นทุนเกิดขึ้นเช่นกันและขนาดผลกระทบต่อจังหวัดก็มากกว่ากรุงเทพฯ โดยเปรียบเทียบ

Budgets And The Timing, Intensity, And Composition Of Interest Group Lobbying In The U.S. States, John M. De Figueiredo

Faculty Scholarship

This paper examines state level lobbying data to determine how budgeting affects the timing, intensity and composition of lobbying expenditures. Using a database of all available lobbying expenditures in the U.S. states ranging up to 25  years, the paper shows interest group lobbying increases substantially during the budgeting process, and the budgeting process is unlike other issues lobbyists face. Spikes in lobbying during budgeting are driven primarily by business groups, and these business groups account for most of the changes on the margin in lobbying activity. Moreover, even groups relatively unaffected by budgets lobby more intensely during legislative budgeting, consistent …

Enhancing People's Subjective Wellbeing: Assessing The Impact Of Universal Health Coverage Through Wellbeing Adjusted Life Years, Ryan Joseph R. Dizon

Economics Department Faculty Publications

The establishment of public health programs, such as universal health coverage (UHC), aims to ensure health and wellbeing for all throughout the life course. These health programs have far-reaching impacts that extend beyond physical health. This study examines the impact of UHC on people's subjective wellbeing through a cross-country analysis using a multidimensional measure of health: the wellbeing adjusted life years (WALYs). WALYs are derived from life satisfaction data from the European Values Study and World Values Survey (1990–2014). The study employs an instrumental variable approach and Lewbel's method—a heteroscedasticity-based identification strategy, and additionally incorporates personality into the model. Findings …

Are All Renewable Energy Sources The Same? A Comparative Analysis Of Public Perceptions And Preferences For Renewable Energy Types In Southeast Asian Cities, Daniel Del Barrio Alvarez, Nan Wang, Masahiro Sugiyama, Masako Numata, Truong Dang Thuy, Azlina Abd Aziz, Rosalina Palanca-Tan, Aung Ze Ya, Ariel Anshory Yusuf, Awang Noor Abd Ghani, Gem Castillo, Martin Daniel Siyaranamual, Sengprasong Phrakonkham, Vilas Nitivattananon, Wunna Swe

Economics Department Faculty Publications

The realization of a sustainable energy transition in Southeast Asia will require the overcoming of the current high reliance on fossil fuels in the energy mix and the steady and rapid growth in energy demand in the region. To achieve an economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable energy transition in the region, it is vital to utilize all available renewable energy sources to the greatest extent possible. It is therefore essential to gain an understanding of how citizens in each country perceive the available renewables. However, the majority of existing literature in this region has been constrained by a narrow focus …

Fostering Flexibility: How Medicare Advantage Potentially Accelerated Telehealth Benefits, Lisa M. Grabert, Grace Mccormack, Erin Trish, Kathryn L. Wagner

Economics Faculty Research and Publications

In 2018, the US Congress enacted a policy permitting Medicare Advantage (MA) plans to cover telehealth services in a beneficiary’s home and through audio-only means as part of the basic benefit package of services, where prior to the policy change such benefits were only allowed to be covered as a supplemental benefit. MA plans were afforded 2 years of lead time for strategizing, negotiating, and capital investment prior to the start date (January 1, 2020) of the new coverage option. Our data analysis found basic benefit telehealth was offered by plans comprising 71% of enrollment in 2020 and increased to …

Consumer Demand For Food Products, Price Surge, And U.S. Public Policy: An Empirical Economic Analysis, Clement Olivier Codjia

Theses and Dissertations--Agricultural Economics

This dissertation, by leveraging advanced econometric modeling approaches and exploiting suitable large datasets, investigates consumer food product demand in a setting of change in regulating policies as well as unforeseen price increases. Three chapters have mainly enabled the dissertation to achieve its research goals, which have been explicitly presented in Chapter 1 along with the background as well as the core problem the studies have elaborated on.

Given that soft drinks stand out as a major cause of obesity and overweight worldwide, whereas the United States is the country most concerned with this problem, experts have agreed that labels and …

Empirical Linkage Between Economic Growth And Political Instability And The Effects Of Inequalities In Africa, Francis Joseph Assenga

CGU Theses & Dissertations

The examination of the relationship between political instability and economic growth is critical in today's global economy, especially in African nations facing multifaceted challenges. Over recent decades, this connection has been a key area of focus for economic scholars, driving significant empirical research. Previous studies, which examined the dynamics of this relationship consistently underscore the profound interconnectedness of economic growth and political stability in the sense that, political instability hampers economic growth, while economic downturns can trigger political unrest and government collapse.

Our study empirically investigates the linkage between economic growth, political instability, and inequality in Africa, analyzing data from …

Mobile Food Displacement And Formalization: A Case Study Of Portland’S Block 216, Marcello Ursic

Pomona Senior Theses

Portland has been on the cutting edge of American mobile food for over fifteen years, becoming a critical darling in the popular and academic press for its role in trailblazing progressive mobile food policy buttressed by broad-based civic engagement. In recent years, Portland’s mobile food landscape has begun shifting as downtown development has picked up post-recession, displacing some of the oldest and most prominent city center food cart pods with others likely to follow. Meanwhile, a new breed of formalized, purpose-built food cart pods has gained ascendancy. Called “food courtyards,” their armored, insulated, and bourgeois character is distinct from traditional …

Association Of Medicaid Expansion With Birth Outcomes: Evidence From A Natural Experiment In Texas, Meryem Saygili, Esra Eren Bayindir

Economics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Empirical evidence on the effects of Medicaid expansion is mixed and highly state-dependent. The objective of this study is to examine the association of Medicaid expansion with preterm birth and low birth weight, which are linked to a higher risk of infant mortality and chronic health conditions throughout life, providing evidence from a non-expansion state, overall and by race/ethnicity.

Methods: We used the newborn patient records obtained from Texas Public Use Data Files from 2010 to 2019 for hospitals in Texarkana, which is located on the border of Texas and Arkansas, with all of the hospitals serving pregnancy and …

The Unequal Distribution Of Social Risk For Black Men Across The Life-Span. A Novel Framework., Waleed Y. Sami

Adultspan Journal

This conceptual overview offers a comprehensive overview of systemic pathways that negatively impact the mental health of Black Men throughout their lives. Our argument highlights the importance for counselors and mental health professionals to utilize a thorough social risk assessment that considers these pathways in order to effectively address the mental health needs of Black Men while fostering positive working relationships. This overview strongly advocates for the use of context and structural determinants when evaluating mental health symptoms. Without an appropriate understanding of social risk and determinants, counselors may inadvertently perpetuate disparities by decontextualizing symptomology, and reproducing racist discourse.

Abmscore: A Heuristic Algorithm For Forming Strategic Coalitions In Agent-Based Simulation, Andrew J. Collins, Gayane Grigoryan

Engineering Management & Systems Engineering Faculty Publications

Integrating human behavior into agent-based models has been challenging due to its diversity. An example is strategic coalition formation, which occurs when an individual decides to collaborate with others because it strategically benefits them, thereby increasing the expected utility of the situation. An algorithm called ABMSCORE was developed to help model strategic coalition formation in agent-based models. The ABMSCORE algorithm employs hedonic games from cooperative game theory and has been applied to various situations, including refugee egress and smallholder farming cooperatives. This paper discusses ABMSCORE, including its mechanism, requirements, limitations, and application. To demonstrate the potential of ABMSCORE, a new …

A Stock Optimization Problem In Finance: Understanding Financial And Economic Indicators Through Analytical Predictive Modeling, Aditya Chakraborty, Chris Tsokos

Epidemiology, Biostatistics, & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Given the significant impact of healthcare stock changes on the global economy, including its GDP and other financial factors, we endeavored to create an analytical prediction model for forecasting the annual percentage change of these stocks. Our model, which is nonlinear, incorporates five key discoveries. We focused on predicting the average weekly closing price (pWCP) of AbbVie Inc. (North Chicago, IL, USA)'s healthcare stock (ABBV) from 1 August 2017 to 31 December 2019. The stock was chosen based on the low beta risk, high dividend yield, and high yearly percentage return criteria. Alongside predicting the weekly stock price, our model …

Towards Inclusive Public Administration Systems: Public Budgeting From The Perspective Of Critical Race Theory, Juan Pablo Martínez Guzmán, Meagan M. Jordan, Philip G. Joyce

School of Public Service Faculty Publications

While there is a developing consensus that governments need to address systemic racism, public administration scholarship has not played a large role in supporting policymakers who want to achieve that end. To institutionalize that effort, we analyze the budget process as a setting to identify inequities and incorporate social equity given its overarching reach across all programs and policies. This article uses the tenets of critical race theory to illustrate how to use the budget process to incorporate equity. The resulting racial equity budgeting (REB) framework has three tenets: acknowledging and correcting historic biases, increasing the voice of nondominant groups, …

Armed Conflict And Household Water Sources, George Naufal, Michael A. Malcolm, Vidya Diwakar

Economics & Finance Faculty Publications

Access to safe drinking water is among the most important determinants of public health outcomes. We pair household-level data from Iraq together with data on armed conflict and adopt a generalized difference-in-differences approach to study the relationship between household drinking water sources and armed conflict intensity. We find that households located in conflict-affected areas are more likely to use piped water accessed at their homes or bottled water as their primary source of drinking water, but are less likely to use public water sources or tanked water delivered on trucks and carts. We explore the temporal dynamics of these adjustments …

A Competition Between The Economy And The Environment: An Analysis On The Impacts Of The Olympic Games For Host Countries, Phuong-Anh Ha

Undergraduate Research Awards

The Olympic Games have been known as the most celebrated international sporting event. However, the event has also faced countless criticisms regarding its environmental impact and the lack of benefits it brings to the host country’s economy. The paper analyzes the trade-offs between the environmental quality of a country and its economic growth that host countries make when deciding to host the Olympics. Specifically, this research seeks to explore how the Olympic Games influence the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and carbon emissions of the host countries.

Essays On The Economics Of Entrepreneurship, Nicholas Graff

Theses and Dissertations--Economics

This dissertation consists of three chapters related to the economics of entrepreneurship. The second chapter focuses on the business performance of necessity entrepreneurs, specifically focusing on job creation and earnings. The third chapter investigates the large and persistent earnings differences between self-employed men and women, finding women earn less in self-employment because of different choices of industry, number of hours worked, and differences in business capital. The fourth chapter investigates whether the black-white self-employment gap explains the black-white wealth gap.

Evaluating The Early Impacts Of The Snap Online Purchasing Pilot, Kyle Jones

Theses and Dissertations--Economics

This dissertation consists of three chapters that evaluate how a change in the redemption of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program benefits impacted grocery purchasing behavior and food consumption to provide some of the first estimates of the impacts from the pilot. The SNAP Online Purchasing Pilot (OPP) allowed recipients to use their benefits online for participating retailers which was initially planned for 8 participating pilot states with a few participating retailers but massively expanded during the COVID-19 pandemic. The first two chapters evaluate how the SNAP OPP impacts grocery purchasing behavior with the first chapter evaluating before the COVID-19 pandemic and …

Pengaruh Persaingan Politik Terhadap Anggaran Kesehatan: Studi Kasus Pada Kabupaten Dan Kota Di Indonesia, Sri Runtiningsih, Akhmad Akbar Susamto

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the effect of political competition on health budgets in Indonesia. The analysis was conducted using a fixed-effects panel data regression approach for Indonesia’s regencies and municipalities between 2009 and 2019. To obtain robust results, this study uses three different measures of political competition, namely the Multiparty Margin Index, the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), and the Effective Number of Parties (ENP) Index. The estimation results show that only legislative political competition has a significant and consistent negative effect on the health budget, it is similar to the Leviathan Model theory.

Horizontal Skill Mismatch Among College Graduates: Analyzing Job Placement For African American In The U.S, Mimla Wardak

Theses - Graduate Programs in Economic Theory and Policy

This study investigates the persistence of horizontal skill mismatches among African-American college graduates in the U.S. labor market and explores the influence of community racial composition on job placement and wage levels. Utilizing data from the American Community Survey (2018-2019), the research constructs a Match Quality Index to assess the alignment between individuals' fields of study and their occupations. The analysis reveals that African-Americans are disproportionately affected by horizontal mismatches, which result in underemployment and wage penalties, despite similar educational backgrounds compared to their counterparts. The findings suggest that larger African-American networks within Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) correlate with slightly …

Examining The Relationship Between Immigration And Labor Market Dynamics In The United States Before And After Policy Changes Of 2017, Noor Jahan Tarshi

Theses - Graduate Programs in Economic Theory and Policy

This thesis investigates the effects of U.S. immigration policy changes in 2017 on labor market dynamics, examining both the immigrant and native-born populations. The study is motivated by the significant socio-political shifts under the Trump administration, which introduced measures like the Public Charge Rule, adjustments to the H-1B visa process, and threats to the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA). These policy changes provide a unique opportunity to analyze their impact on the U.S. labor market, offering insights critical for policymakers and scholars. The research specifically aims to explore how these immigration policies have influenced employment opportunities, wage levels, and …

Evaluation Of Industrial Policy In The United States Of America, Hossna Seediqyar

Theses - Graduate Programs in Economic Theory and Policy

This paper examines the evolution and current state of industrial policy in the United States, focusing on strategies aimed at enhancing economic growth, competitiveness, and industrial innovation. Historically, U.S. industrial policy has fluctuated between periods of government intervention and market-led approaches. Recently, there has been a renewed emphasis on industrial policy to address challenges such as globalization, climate change, and technological innovations. The research used data from the National Solar Jobs Census 2019, the Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA), and the Tax Foundation’s State Corporate Income Tax Rates and Brackets series. The analysis of the paper highlights the role of …

Gender Pay Gap In Kyrgyz Republic, Maryam Yari

Theses - Graduate Programs in Economic Theory and Policy

The reasons behind the gender wage disparity in the Kyrgyz Republic are investigated in this paper using information from the 2019 Life in Kyrgyzstan (LiK) survey. Given its transitioning economy and post-Soviet socioeconomic environment, Kyrgyzstan offers a special case within the larger framework of gender wage gaps worldwide. The pay disparity is broken down in this research into explainable variations based on observable characteristics and an unexplained component that might be discriminatory using the Heckman and Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition approach. The results indicate the existence of gender discrimination in wage determination since a large amount of the gender wage gap is …

Are Industry Returns Informative About Other Industries And Fundamentals?, Nikiforos T. Laopodis

Business Faculty Publications

This paper examines the information content of selected US industries focusing on the dynamic linkages among these industries, the stock market and a number of fundamental variables. The period of investigation spans from January 1960 to December 2021. The empirical strategy includes several methodologies such as regressions, vector autoregressions and volatility models. The idea is to investigate the dynamic linkages among these series at both the mean and the volatility levels. The results point to significant industry returns’ explanatory power for many predictors of economic activity including the stock market. Further, time-varying analysis of the linkages among the industries and …

Students’ Perceptions Of Internationalization Of The Curriculum

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

This paper explores students’ perceptions of internationalizing the Principles of Macroeconomics curriculum. The study presents survey results showing that most students find the inclusion of global perspectives enhances their learning and engagement. International students, in particular, value understanding international contexts for their future careers. Many students also found international examples interesting and helpful in developing global skills. The findings suggest a strong student preference for globally enriched content and highlight the importance of integrating international perspectives into economics education. The study emphasizes the need for institutions to adopt a more intentional approach to internationalizing curricula across disciplines and informs future …

Enhancing Student Engagement: The Synergy Of Peer Assessment And Flipped Classroom Design

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

Grounded in student-centered teaching practices, we investigate the synergy of peer assessments and flipped classroom design in an economics course specifically developed for incoming MBA students. This innovative approach was implemented for two consecutive terms. Survey results show that students have a positive view of this integrated approach. It enhances their engagement and improves their knowledge and skills by providing constructive feedback. Additionally, this combination helps students improve their assessment skills.

Teaching Recessions In Macroecconomics With A Severity Index

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

With concepts and data familiar to macroeconomics students, at both the principles and intermediate levels, this paper constructs a recession severity index and calculates this index for the twelve recessions experienced in the United States since the end of World War II. We reach two primary conclusions. First, and perhaps as anticipated, we find that the Great Recession was the most severe contraction since the Second World War. Second, we conclude that the least severe recession since World War II was that which occurred in 2001.

Graphical Analysis Of Consumer Behavior In The Market For Health Care

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

The typical undergraduate textbook in health economics illustrates the production of health and then discusses the purchase of health care and its demand. This paper provides a unique four-quadrant graphical model linking the production of health to the consumption of health care. We show how an individual’s purchase of health care links to their optimal health status and consumption possibilities frontier between health status and all other goods. We then apply our model to a change in the price of health care, an illness such as COVID-19, and the purchase of health insurance.

Learning About Data Sources Through The Dataset Presentation

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

Economics has become an increasingly data-driven, empirical discipline. Alongside this, the advantages of undergraduate research have become more appreciated. These trends merge with students employing empirical techniques in undergraduate research. An active literature has developed on how to implement this. This paper addresses a potential hold-up for undergraduates that has received little attention: how to acquaint students with major data sources. To accomplish this, we provide an assignment (prompt, list of data sources by difficulty, and grading rubric) in the form of a short, data-driven presentation designed to have students learn, acquire, and work with a publicly available dataset.