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Essays In Entrepreneurship, Mostafa Salari May 2023

Essays In Entrepreneurship, Mostafa Salari

Olin Business School Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

My dissertation concentrates on the determinants of entrepreneurship and consists of two essays. The first essay develops a dynamic model of occupational choices to capture how big-five personality traits influence entrepreneurial decisions and returns. More importantly, I divide entrepreneurs into incorporated and unincorporated to differentiate between high-growth and lifestyle entrepreneurs. I use the Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) data set for this study. My model captures the role of personality traits, cognitive ability, human capital, information accumulation, and non-pecuniary benefits in entrepreneurial dynamics. The estimated model demonstrates that personality traits affect pecuniary and non-pecuniary from incorporated and …

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Three Essays In The Economics Of Child Development And Health Inequities, Travis Whitacre May 2023

Three Essays In The Economics Of Child Development And Health Inequities, Travis Whitacre

Economics Theses and Dissertations

In chapter 1, I assess the long-term education and labor market effects of missed ADHD diagnoses. Doing so is challenging for two reasons. First, a person's true ADHD status is unobserved; only their diagnosed status is known. Second, even if diagnostic errors are observed, they are likely akin to non-classical misclassification errors and therefore endogenous. To overcome these empirical challenges, I use and extend on a partial observability model with genetic data from Add Health. Through the lens of the partial observability model. I recover an estimate of true ADHD status, and the probability of underdiagnosis. Then, I estimate their …

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Zoning And City Revenues: Does Euclidean Zoning Impact Cities' Tax Revenues?, Jett Robert Meek May 2023

Zoning And City Revenues: Does Euclidean Zoning Impact Cities' Tax Revenues?, Jett Robert Meek

Honors College Theses

This paper is primarily concerned with measuring the impact of zoning for single family residential on city tax revenues within the San Francisco Bay Area. Single family residential zoning acts as a form of Euclidean zoning by restricting zoned land to one type or use. In the wake of decisions of cities such as Minneapolis to end zoning for single family housing, there has been a push for more research into the possible impacts going forward. This paper takes cross-sectional data from 2020 for 101 cities within the Bay Area. To estimate the impact of zoning on city tax revenues, …

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County-Level Unemployment Dynamics Following The Covid Recession: The Effects Of Ppp Loan Take Up, Preston Antes May 2023

County-Level Unemployment Dynamics Following The Covid Recession: The Effects Of Ppp Loan Take Up, Preston Antes

Honors Theses

The COVID-19 pandemic caused a nationwide shutdown, dragging the US into a recession. To combat the effects of the pandemic on the economy, Congress created the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) with the focus of preserving jobs and providing liquidity to small businesses. PPP created low-interest, forgivable business loans with forgiveness tied to a few benchmarks, providing a de facto cash transfer to small businesses. Did PPP preserve jobs? When examining Mississippi, this paper shows that counties with high cyclical unemployment participated more intensely in the program. Furthermore, the research shows that as loan totals grew within a county, local labor …

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Chinese Political Rhetoric And Ideology: Tension And Pretension, Israel Paredes May 2023

Chinese Political Rhetoric And Ideology: Tension And Pretension, Israel Paredes

Honors Theses

This changing nature of the Chinese government’s ideology leads one to believe that its core beliefs are not dogmatic, despite the foundation for their ideology being rooted in specific societal and economic theories. Starting with Mao Zedong to modern day, the Chinese government officials will continue to support the original tenets (and, no doubt, future presidents’ additions to the tenets). However, the interpretation of their ideology over time is fluid and is used to support policies and actions during a political cycle. Chinese political leaders are unlikely to disagree with a past leaders, and will rather use their own interpretation …

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Breaking The Promise: The Burden Of Unfunded Liabilities On Future Generations, Thomas Savidge May 2023

Breaking The Promise: The Burden Of Unfunded Liabilities On Future Generations, Thomas Savidge

Helm's School of Government Conference - 2021-2024

This paper discusses the trillions of dollars in government debt accumulated by state governments as well as the costs of debt on future generations. It examines unfunded pension liabilities, unfunded other post-employment benefit (OPEB) liabilities, as well as state bonded obligations and the crowding out effect of public debt onto state budgets. The paper also discusses opportunities for reform that can help alleviate the debt burden on future generations. Data are collected from state annual comprehensive financial reports (ACFRs) as well as public pension and OPEB actuarial valuations.

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Business Cycles And Monetary Policy Analysis In A Structural Sticky Price Model Of The Lebanese Economy, Jennifer Challita May 2023

Business Cycles And Monetary Policy Analysis In A Structural Sticky Price Model Of The Lebanese Economy, Jennifer Challita

Arab Economic and Business Journal

A medium-size structural model is built in this article in order to define and reshape the Lebanese economy characteristics and features. However, the structural model is featured by a Taylor monetary policy rule design with nominal interest smoothing. Including the Taylor rule helped us to analyze the response function of each variables to different monetary policy shocks. Hence, the results of this paper showed how changing coefficients may influence the standard deviations of variables in the model as such the inflation rate, the nominal interest rate and the output GAP. More precisely, the performance of the model is detected while …

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American Income: Analyzing Workplace And Domestic Biases, Lindsey Shrodek May 2023

American Income: Analyzing Workplace And Domestic Biases, Lindsey Shrodek

The Downtown Review: An Interdisciplinary Journal Written and Peer-Reviewed by Mandel Honors College Students at Cleveland State University

This research paper aims to use several forms of regression analysis and neural networks to examine disparities in American income based on demographic groups. We present three models: a linear regression, a logistic regression, and a neural network to determine significant predictive factors in determining income. Exploring concepts presented by past literature in the field of economics, our research aims to pinpoint disparities and provide explanations for why they may be present in American income patterns. Our research confirms that being a female and being black has a negative relationship with income. Based on literary analysis, these findings can be …

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Distributional Properties Of The Statistic Of Online Student Evaluations The Mean Does Not Mean What You Think It Means, Ben O. Smith, Dustin R. White, Jamie Frances Wagner, Patricia C. Kuzyk, Alex Prera May 2023

Distributional Properties Of The Statistic Of Online Student Evaluations The Mean Does Not Mean What You Think It Means, Ben O. Smith, Dustin R. White, Jamie Frances Wagner, Patricia C. Kuzyk, Alex Prera

Economics Faculty Publications

Student Evaluations of Teaching (SETs) are an integral part of evaluating course outcomes. They are routinely used to evaluate teaching quality for the purposes of reappointment, promotion, and tenure (RPT), annual review, and the rehiring of adjunct faculty and lecturers. These evaluations are often based almost entirely on the mean or proportion of the ordinal overall score with no regard to statistical noise. This study examines the distribution of the statistic (mean or proportion) when SETs are administered online and in-person. Using non-parametric procedures, we show that the size of the 95% confidence interval of the statistic is a function …

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Moving Policies Toward Racial And Ethnic Equality: The Case Of The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, Alfonso Flores-Lagunes, Hugo B. Jales, Judith Liu, Norbert L. Wilson May 2023

Moving Policies Toward Racial And Ethnic Equality: The Case Of The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, Alfonso Flores-Lagunes, Hugo B. Jales, Judith Liu, Norbert L. Wilson

Center for Policy Research

We analyze the role played by the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) in alleviating or exacerbating inequality across racial and ethnic groups in food expenditures and in the resources needed to meet basic food needs (the “food resource gap”). To do this, we propose a simple framework that decomposes differences across groups in SNAP benefit transfer levels into three components: eligibility, participation, and generosity. This decomposition is then linked to differences in food expenditures and the food resource gap. Our results reveal that among the three components, differences in eligibility contribute the most to SNAP benefits differentials for Black and …

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An Economic Analysis Of The United Kingdom Given The Possible Effects Of Overthrowing The Northern Ireland Protocol, Joshua P. Brink May 2023

An Economic Analysis Of The United Kingdom Given The Possible Effects Of Overthrowing The Northern Ireland Protocol, Joshua P. Brink

Honors Thesis

This research paper examines the current conflict between the United Kingdom (UK) and the European Union (EU) regarding the Northern Ireland Protocol negotiation. This negotiation was created following the UK’s decision to leave the EU in an event known as Brexit. The conflict has occurred because many Brexiteers in the UK want to override parts of the Protocol since it is a burden for the UK’s economy. The EU, however, has threatened to retaliate since this would be breaking the agreement between these two parties. Furthermore, this paper attempts to evaluate the conflict as a whole, examining all perspectives of …

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The Correlation Between Traumatic Brain Injury And Incarceration Among Adult Males In The United States, Shadi Shams May 2023

The Correlation Between Traumatic Brain Injury And Incarceration Among Adult Males In The United States, Shadi Shams

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

The United States has one of the largest growing prison populations in the world. A large amount of social and economic resources go towards the cost and maintenance of correctional facilities each year. Additionally, the current correctional programs are insufficient in assisting inmates with getting back to society; especially those with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who often remain undiagnosed and are usually treated unfairly in the prison system instead of receiving the appropriate help. Prior scholarly work has shown that patients in the post-TBI stage are more likely to enter the judicial system. In the recent population-based cohort study, the …

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Lobbying – A Financial Perspective, Sean Byrne May 2023

Lobbying – A Financial Perspective, Sean Byrne

Theses and Dissertations

U.S. based bank holding companies (BHCs) exert influence at every step in the legislative process where financial regulatory reforms are enacted into law, such as the Dodd-Frank Act, to promulgation of regulations. In Chapter II, we maintain that BHCs, upon facing salient regulation, lobby regulators to have their opinions heard with the goal of favorable regulatory change and to increase non-traditional revenues. We undertook a novel collection of political and financial data from 2003 to 2018, matching 180 pairs of parsed proposed and final regulations. BHCs that participated in commenting on proposed rules are highly successful at having their views …

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Market Concentration And Political Outcomes, Xueyan Cao May 2023

Market Concentration And Political Outcomes, Xueyan Cao

Economics Honors Projects

U.S. industries have become more consolidated over the past decades. This trend has raised concerns regarding its impact on society. This paper delves into the connection between market concentration and political outcomes. By integrating lobbying data from the Center for Responsive Politics with industry-wide economic data from 2003 to 2019, I utilize several multivariate models to investigate the link between concentration and lobbying expenditures at the aggregate U.S. industry level. I also conduct three representative industry case studies: commercial banks, airlines, and general merchandise stores. The results are mixed. While there is a negative association between market concentration and lobbying …

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Relationship Between Consumer Confidence Index And Leading Sectors In Turkey, Erhan Aslanoğlu, Yasin Enes Aksu, Jonberk Okan May 2023

Relationship Between Consumer Confidence Index And Leading Sectors In Turkey, Erhan Aslanoğlu, Yasin Enes Aksu, Jonberk Okan

Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies

As a leading indicator, the ability to measure the predictive power of consumer surveys are very important for economic policy makers, especially to capture a forward-looking perspective on consumer trends. Trends in leading sectors such as real estate, automobile and consumer electronics are expected to signal direction of consumption demand in an economy. Within this framework, whether the consumer confidence signals the trends in leading sectors or the trend in leading sectors effect the consumer sentiment are vital questions to detect the dynamics of domestic demand. Macroeconomic cycles like high and volatile inflationary environments might create counter effect to determine …

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The Effect Of Innovation On Employment In Turkiye, Hakki Kutay Bolkol, Ece Handan Guleryuz May 2023

The Effect Of Innovation On Employment In Turkiye, Hakki Kutay Bolkol, Ece Handan Guleryuz

Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies

In this paper, we examine the impact of innovation on employment in the Turkish labor market between 1991 and 2021 by using monthly patent grants and annual R&D expenditure statistics. We employ ARDL (autoregressive distributed lag) approach to carry out the empirical analysis. Our results differ mainly depending on the analyzed time period and analyzing innovation with two different proxies that give the same result, which is an indication of the robustness of the results. When the long-run model and the short-run model are analyzed separately, it is found that while the effect of innovation on employment is negative in …

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Declining Unionization And The Despair Of The Working Class, Kelly Chen, Samia Islam May 2023

Declining Unionization And The Despair Of The Working Class, Kelly Chen, Samia Islam

Economics Faculty Publications and Presentations

While the effects of labor unions on objective conditions have been extensively studied, little is known about their role in individuals' perceptions of economic circumstances. We investigate whether union density affects the subjective well-being of area residents by exploiting the staggered adoption of right to work laws in the United States through a border-county design. We find that unionization promotes happiness for those of low socioeconomic status, including non-college-educated residents and current or former blue-collar job holders, but has no discernible impact on their high-status counterparts. Of affected residents, workers stand to reap the most benefit. We also find that …

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Zooming Out: A Retrospective Analysis Of Nontraditional Learning Modes' Effect On High School Graduation And Dropout During The 2020-2021 Covid-19 School Year, Jonah F. Klein-Collins May 2023

Zooming Out: A Retrospective Analysis Of Nontraditional Learning Modes' Effect On High School Graduation And Dropout During The 2020-2021 Covid-19 School Year, Jonah F. Klein-Collins

Economics Honors Projects

This paper examines the impact of nontraditional learning modes, such as online education, on high school graduation and dropout rates during the 2020-2021 Covid-19 school year. Using school-level data from the Illinois Report Card for 2012-2021, a difference-in-differences framework is used to estimate the average treatment effect of two groups: schools that used virtual learning modes for only part of the year and those that used it for nearly the entire year. The study reveals that virtual learning had a negligible effect on four-year graduation rates. However, schools that used virtual learning for only part of the year witnessed a …

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Paying For What Kind Of Performance? Performance Pay, Multitasking, And Sorting In Mission-Oriented Jobs, Daniel B. Jones, Mirco Tonin, Michael Vlassopoulos, K. Pun Winichakul May 2023

Paying For What Kind Of Performance? Performance Pay, Multitasking, And Sorting In Mission-Oriented Jobs, Daniel B. Jones, Mirco Tonin, Michael Vlassopoulos, K. Pun Winichakul

Economics: Faculty Publications

How does pay-for-performance (P4P) impact productivity and the composition of workers in mission-oriented jobs when output has multiple dimensions? This is a central issue in the public sector, particularly in areas such as education and healthcare. We conduct an experiment, manipulating compensation and mission, to answer these questions. We find that P4P has significantly smaller positive effects on productivity on the incentivized (quantity) dimension in the mission-oriented setting relative to the non-mission-oriented setting. On the other hand, P4P generates no loss in performance on the non-incentivized (quality) dimension of effort in the mission-oriented setting, whereas it does so in the …

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The Effect Of The Minimum Wage On Crime, Abbie Natkin May 2023

The Effect Of The Minimum Wage On Crime, Abbie Natkin

Economics Honors Projects

Evidence shows that education, labor market conditions for ex-offenders, and wages influence crime rates. The relationship between wages and crime specifically, has interesting potential policy implications, especially in arguments for increasing the minimum wage. Economists speculate that increasing the minimum wage may help reduce crime by increasing wages and thus increasing the opportunity cost of committing crime, making it riskier and less necessary for people to supplement their incomes through illegal avenues. Using crime data from the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reports and minimum wage data from Vaghul & Zipperer (2016), I employ a two-way fixed effects framework to analyze the …

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Understanding The Evolution Of Enforcement Systems In Resource Dilemmas, Devin M. Flener May 2023

Understanding The Evolution Of Enforcement Systems In Resource Dilemmas, Devin M. Flener

College of Arts & Sciences Senior Theses

The effective management of resources on Earth is a pressing global social dilemma. An alternative solution to the traditional managing methods of these common pool resources is communal self-management facilitated through principles of restorative justice and developed through exploratory learning. We examined how communication, restorative justice techniques, and opportunity for exploratory learning impacted groups’ ability to develop a strong conceptual understanding of enforcement as well as an enforcement system in order to maintain an effective conservation strategy. Participants (N=288) were randomly assigned to 72 four-person groups in six separate conditions. Each group played nine rounds of a computer-simulated foraging task …

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Does Family Size Moderate The Relation Between Resource Transfers And Intimate Partner Violence Rates?, Paul Gramling May 2023

Does Family Size Moderate The Relation Between Resource Transfers And Intimate Partner Violence Rates?, Paul Gramling

Psychological Science Undergraduate Honors Theses

Intimate partner violence (IPV) refers to physical, sexual, or psychological abuse within an intimate relationship. It is a global issue, particularly for women in developing countries where data show higher rates of IPV for these women than in developed countries. IPV can lead to physical harm, chronic health problems, and even death. It also has negative effects on mental health, economic stability, and the overall well-being of the woman and their children. Family size has been shown to be a predictor of IPV risk; women from larger families face a higher risk. Cash transfer programs in developing countries have been …

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Dimensionality Reduction Techniques In Macroeconomic Analysis, Abigail Rogot May 2023

Dimensionality Reduction Techniques In Macroeconomic Analysis, Abigail Rogot

Student Theses and Dissertations

Over the past several decades, rapid innovation in data collection methods and technology has led to the development of dimensionality reduction techniques when dealing with a large number of predictors and time series observations. Especially relevant to the field of economics, many macroeconomic indicators rely on processing vast sets of data, often dealing with variables of different frequencies. Broadly, monetary policy is influenced by real-time evaluations of current and future economic conditions, meaning that lags in re- leases produce incomplete datasets. This paper closely examines the development and applications of two popular dimensionality reduction techniques: Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and …

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Can Renewable Portfolio Standards Explain The U.S. States’ Advancement Of Wind Energy?, Elise Monson May 2023

Can Renewable Portfolio Standards Explain The U.S. States’ Advancement Of Wind Energy?, Elise Monson

Political Science Theses and Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Understanding Romania's Poverty: A Historical Overview Of Economics And Politics And Their Implications On Poverty Today, Benjamin Bucur May 2023

Understanding Romania's Poverty: A Historical Overview Of Economics And Politics And Their Implications On Poverty Today, Benjamin Bucur

Senior Honors Theses

Romania is a country with a high-income economy that is experiencing considerable growth following its economic reforms of earlier decades. With growth, tendencies for an unequal society are prevalent. Therefore, appropriate economic policies that are specifically targeted toward bottlenecks are essential. This thesis seeks to outline the major types of poverty in Romania while also offering actionable entrepreneurial and educational insights that practically combat poverty at its roots.

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An Exploration Of Influences On Consumers' Behaviors/Decisions In Relation To Animal Agriculture, Abigail Durheim May 2023

An Exploration Of Influences On Consumers' Behaviors/Decisions In Relation To Animal Agriculture, Abigail Durheim

Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communication: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Animal agriculture provides many daily resources for consumers around the globe. While the average American is at least three generations removed from agriculture, they still hold power to influence the industry with the dollar and their vote. The purpose of this study was to identify influences on consumer behaviors/decisions in relation to animal agriculture. Seven hundred four complete and usable responses were collected via a researcher-developed online survey. Using branding concepts as a framework, the first study evaluated how visual stimuli influenced consumers' intention to purchase Nebraska beef products. Researchers found that visual stimuli did influence respondents to choose Nebraska …

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Government Policy And The Housing Bubble, Hannah Reynolds, Hannah Reynolds May 2023

Government Policy And The Housing Bubble, Hannah Reynolds, Hannah Reynolds

Honors College Theses

The housing market bubble was created by market forces and exacerbated by government regulations. The government policies implemented incentivized certain behaviors by investors that exacerbated the housing bubble beyond what would have occurred “naturally.” The policy under analysis for this research is the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) of 1995. The CRA made affordable-housing initiatives more enforceable and results-driven. These revisions produced unintended consequences in the economy in the form of incentives to give out risky loans. Statistical analysis through difference of means tests show that there is a low level of confidence in statistical significance between the CRA and increased …

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Predicting High-Cap Tech Stock Polarity: A Combined Approach Using Support Vector Machines And Bidirectional Encoders From Transformers, Ian L. Grisham May 2023

Predicting High-Cap Tech Stock Polarity: A Combined Approach Using Support Vector Machines And Bidirectional Encoders From Transformers, Ian L. Grisham

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The abundance, accessibility, and scale of data have engendered an era where machine learning can quickly and accurately solve complex problems, identify complicated patterns, and uncover intricate trends. One research area where many have applied these techniques is the stock market. Yet, financial domains are influenced by many factors and are notoriously difficult to predict due to their volatile and multivariate behavior. However, the literature indicates that public sentiment data may exhibit significant predictive qualities and improve a model’s ability to predict intricate trends. In this study, momentum SVM classification accuracy was compared between datasets that did and did not …

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The People And The Experts: Alternative Views On Economic Affairs, William D. Nordhaus, Douglas Rivers May 2023

The People And The Experts: Alternative Views On Economic Affairs, William D. Nordhaus, Douglas Rivers

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

Are speculators driving up oil prices? Should we raise energy prices to slow global warming? The present study takes a small number of such questions and compares the views of economic experts with those of the public. This comparison uses a panel of 2000+ respondents from YouGov with the views of the panel of experts from the IGM at the Chicago Booth School. We found that most of the US population is at best modestly informed about major economic questions and policies. The low level of knowledge is generally associated with the intrusion of ideological, political, and religious views that …

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Essays On Large Panel Data Models With Two-Way Heterogeneity, Yiren Wang May 2023

Essays On Large Panel Data Models With Two-Way Heterogeneity, Yiren Wang

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

This dissertation consists of two papers that contribute to the estimation and inference theory of the panel data models with two-way slope heterogeneity. The first paper considers the panel quantile regression model with slope heterogeneity along both individuals and time. By modelling this two-way heterogeneity with the low-rank slope matrix, the slope coefficient can be estimated via the nuclear norm regularization followed by sample-splitting, row- and column-wise quantile regression, and debiasing. The inferential theory for the final slope estimator along with its factor and factor loading is derived. Two specification tests are proposed: one tests whether the slope coefficient is …

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