Digital Commons Network^™

Familiarity Facilitates Social Learning Of Foraging Behaviour In The Guppy, Will Swaney, Jeremy Kendal, Hannah Capon, Culum Brown, Kevin N. Laland

Sentience Collection

Previous studies have shown that guppies, Poecilia reticulata, can learn the route to a food source by shoaling with knowledgeable conspecifics, and prefer to shoal with experienced foragers and familiar fish. We tested the hypothesis that guppies would learn more effectively from (1) familiar than unfamiliar demonstrators and (2) well-trained than poorly trained demonstrators. Demonstrator fish were given experience in swimming a route to a food source and then introduced into shoals of untrained observer guppies; the spread of this foraging skill was recorded over 15 trials. The demonstrators were either familiar or unfamiliar to the observers and either well …

The International Lepidoptera Survey Newsletter, September 2001, International Lepidoptera Survey, Ron Gatrelle, Harry Pavulaan, Norbert G. Kondla

International Lepidoptera Survey Newsletter

Contents

Thorybes clarification by Ron Gatrelle (pages 1-2)

TC-ISBN Taxonomically Correct - Index of Scientific Butterfly Names: Why do we need yet another North American names list? by Harry Pavulaan (pages 3-6)

The Taxonomic Report, preview

Mitoura grynea smilacis aberrants by Ron Gatrelle (page 8)

Research request: Agriades aquilo? by Norbert G. Kondla (page 9)

Genomes, Gould, And Emergence, Ursula Goodenough

Biology Faculty Research

The publication of the human genome has elicited commentary to the effect that, since fewer genes were identified than anticipated, it follows that genes are less important to human biology than anticipated. The flaws in this syllogism are explained in the context of a treatise on how genomes operate and evolve and how genes function to produce embryos and brains. Most of our most cherished human traits are the result of the emergence of new properties from preexisting genetically scripted ideas, offering countless opportunities to celebrate the evolutionary process.

Precipitation And Temperature Effects On Populations Of Aedes Albopictus (Diptera : Culicidae): Implications For Range Expansion, B W. Alto, Steven A. Juliano

Faculty Publications – Biological Sciences

We investigated how temperature and precipitation regime encountered over the life cycle of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) affects populations. Caged populations of A. albopictus were maintained at 22, 26, and 30 degreesC. Cages were equipped with containers that served as sites for oviposition and larval development. All cages were assigned to one of three simulated precipitation regimes: (1) low fluctuation regime - water within the containers was allowed to evaporate to 90% of its maximum before being refilled, (2) high fluctuation regime - water was allowed to evaporate to 25% of its maximum before being refilled, and (3) drying regime - …

The Use Of Landmarks By Clark's Nutcrackers: First Tests Of A New Model, Alan Kamil, Aleida J. Goodyear, Ken Cheng

Papers in Behavior in Biological Sciences

Animals use many different mechanisms to navigate in space. The characteristics of the mechanism employed are usually well-suited to the demands of each particular navigational problem. For example, desert ants navigating in a relatively featureless environment use path integration, birds homing or migrating over long distances use compasses of various sorts, salmon returning to their natal stream home on olfactory cues. The study of navigation requires the study of many different taxa confronting different problems. One interesting case 1 involves scatter-hoarding species that use memory to relocate their hidden food. Such animals face the problem of remembering many locations simultaneously. …

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 33, No.3 September 2001

The Prairie Naturalist

SEASONAL REPRODUCTION IN SIGMODON HISPIDUS INHABITING TALLGRASS PRAIRIES OF OKLAHOMA ▪ J. A. Wilson and R. L. Lochmiller

USE OF THE INDEX OF BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY IN EASTERN SOUTH DAKOtA RIVERS ▪ C. L. Milewski, C. R. Berry, and D. Dieterman

SEED USE BY VERTEBRATES AND INVERTEBRATES IN TALLGRASS PRAIRIE ▪ A. W. Reed, G. A. Kaufman, J. E. Boyer, Jr., and D. W. Kaufman

RANGE EXPANSION OF THE PILEATED WOODPECKER IN NORTH DAKOTA ▪ J. A. Dechant 163

LAB FATTENING AND NON-INVASIVE ESTIMATES OF BODY COMPOSITION IN DEER MICE ▪ E. T. Unangst, Jr., M. J. Blair, M. W. Granger, …

Observations Of Scent-Marking And Discriminating Self From Others By A Domestic Dog (Canis Familiaris): Tales Of Displaced Yellow Snow, Marc Bekoff

Ethology Collection

Little is known about what stimuli trigger urinating or scent-marking in domestic dogs, Canis familiaris, or their wild relatives. While it is often suggested that the urine of other animals influences urinating and scent-marking patterns in canids, this has not been verified experimentally. To investigate the role of urine in eliciting urinating and marking, in this pilot study I moved urine-saturated snow (‘yellow snow’) from place-to-place during five winters to compare the responses of an adult male domestic dog, Jethro, to his own and others’ urine. Jethro spent less time sniffing his own urine than that of other males or …

An Examination Of The Mitoura (Lycaenidae) In The Southeastern United States: With The Description Of A New Subspecies Of Mitoura Hesseli, Ronald R. Gatrelle

The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey

Four subspecies of Mitoura grynea occur in the United States east of the Mississippi River. The nominate subspecies occupies this entire area except for Florida and the coastal regions of South Carolina and Georgia. Mitoura g. grynea is usually associated with Juniperus virginiana. A neotype is designated for Lycus gryneus from Aiken County, South Carolina. Mitoura grynea smilacis is endemic to the southeastern coastal islands and coastal mainland from about Brunswick Georgia north to the Santee River delta of South Carolina. Smilacis’ range corresponds to that of Juniperus silicicola in that area. A neotype is designated for …

An Examination Of Southeastern U. S. Satyrium (Lycaenidae: Theclinae), Part Two: The Identification And Delimitation Of Nominate Satyrium Liparops And The Description Of A New Subspecies From West Central Peninsular Florida, Ronald R. Gatrelle

The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey

The name Satyrium liparops liparops has traditionally been applied to all liparops populations from eastern Georgia southward. This tradition is shown to be in error. The type locality of nominate liparops is restricted by original description to Screven County, Georgia. A neotype is designated from Screven County and deposited in the Museum of the Hemispheres (MOTH) collection Goose Creek, South Carolina. The range of nominate liparops is projected to be from coastal South Carolina across the far southern United States (including the Florida panhandle) and into Texas. The population in west central peninsular Florida is described as new subspecies S …

Assessing The ‘Whole Animal’: A Free Choice Profiling Approach, Françoise Wemelsfelder, Tony E.A. Hunter, Michael T. Mendl, Alistair B. Lawrence

Sentience Collection

The qualitative assessment of animal behaviour summarizes the different aspects of an animal’s dynamic style of interaction with the environment, using descriptors such as ‘confident’, ‘nervous’, ‘calm’ or ‘excitable’. Scientists frequently use such terms in studies of animal personality and temperament, but, wary of anthropomorphism, are reluctant to do so in studies of animal welfare. We hypothesize that qualitative behaviour assessment, in describing behaviour as an expressive process, may have a stronger observational foundation than is currently recognized, and may be of use as an integrative welfare assessment tool. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the inter- and intraobserver reliability …

A Five-Year Management Stategy For Recreational Fishing On The West Coast Of Western Australia, West Coast Recreational Fishing Working Group

Fisheries Management Papers

In its discussion paper (Fisheries Management Paper No. 139), which was widely distributed and publicized, the working group put forward a range of management proposals for community discussion. These were developed after meeting directly with recreational fishers in key regional centres and receiving feedback from fisheries scientists and managers. The discussion paper attracted widespread comment, with more than 1,200 written submissions received from recreational fishers, angling clubs and other stakeholders. The working group would like to thank all those individuals and organisations that took the time to provide this valuable feedback. It was recognised that some of the most pressing …

Plan Management For The Cottesloe Reef Fish Habitat Protection Area., Fisheries Western Australia

Fisheries Management Papers

This document is the final Plan of Management for the Cottesloe Reef FHPA. The significant contribution made by the CMPG and members of the community in the preparation of this plan is acknowledged and appreciated by the Department of Fisheries. The overall objective of the Plan of Management is to promote and encourage protection of the Cottesloe Reef aquatic habitat and involve the community in its management. It is anticipated that the establishment of the Cottesloe Reef FHPA will provide a framework, through regulations and education, to manage human activities that have, or may have, a destructive impact on the …

Late Cretaceous Mammals And Magnetostratigraphy, Big Bend, Texas, Julia T. Sankey, Wulf Gose

Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University

No abstract provided.

Trends. Environmental Issues: Struggles To Think Globally, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article discusses the difficulties of thinking globally in the context of environmentalism and environmental policy, even for proponents of environmental stewardship.

Factors Influencing Oviposition Among Pond-Breeding Amphibians: Exotic Vegetation, Oviposition Braces, And Cover, Catherine Mary Callison

Dissertations and Theses

I examined oviposition in four pond-breeding amphibians (northwestern salamander [Ambystoma gracile], long-toed salamander [Ambystoma macrodactylum], Pacific treefrog [Hyla regilla], northern red-legged frog [Rana aurora aurora]), at Burlington Bottoms, a lowland riverine site in northwestern Oregon, to determine whether differential use of native versus exotic plant substrates occurs. I found differential use in all four species, but use was inconsistent with the hypothesis that selection for native plants (or selection against exotic plants) was occurring. If selection was occurring, the pattern implied that reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea), a widespread exotic in this lowland system, was sometimes favored. However, inconsistent use of …

Avian And Mammalian Use Of Three Small Urban Wetlands Invaded By A Pest Species, Reed Canarygrass (Phalaris Arundinacea L.), Laurie Dizney

Dissertations and Theses

Small urban wetlands are being destroyed and degraded at an alarming rate. One result of degradation is invasion by pest species, such as reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L. ). Reed canarygrass forms virtual monocultures in a wide range of wetland types. Wetlands normally have high plant species richness and abundance, which is widely believed to lead to faunal diversity. The purpose of the present study was to determine to what extent birds and mammals use a wetland dominated by reed canarygrass. The research was conducted at Tualatin Hills Nature Park in Beaverton, Washington County, Oregon. I examined three sites …

Sustaining Biological Diversity In Early Successional Communities: The Challenge Of Managing Unpopular Habitats, Robert A. Askins

Biology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Benthic Biological Monitoring Program Of The Elizabeth River Watershed (2000), Daniel M. Dauer

Elizabeth River Reports

Executive Summary

A study of the macrobenthic communities of the Elizabeth River watershed was initiated in summer 1999. This report presents the data from the second year of sampling in 2000. The three objectives of the Benthic Biological Monitoring Program of the Elizabeth River watershed are: (1) To characterize the health of the tidal waters of the Elizabeth River watershed as indicated by the structure of the benthic communities. ( 2) To conduct trend analyses on long-term data at 14 fixed-point stations to relate temporal trends in the benthic communities to changes in water and/or sediment quality. Trend analyses will …

A Cytochrome-B Perspective On Passerina Bunting Relationships, John Klicka, Adam J. Fry, Robert M. Zink, Christopher W. Thompson

Ornithology Program (HRC)

We sequenced the complete mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene (1,143 nucleotides) for representatives of each species in the cardinalid genera Passerina (6 species), Guiraca (1 species), and Cyanocompsa (3 species), and used a variety of phylogenetic methods to address relationships within and among genera. We determined that Passerina, as presently recognized, is paraphyletic. Lazuli Bunting (P. amoena) is sister to the much larger Blue Grosbeak (Guiraca caerulea). Indigo Bunting (P. cyanea) and Lazuli Bunting are not sister taxa as generally thought. In all weighted parsimony trees and for the gamma-corrected HKY tree, Indigo Bunting is …

Systematics Of The Subterranean Amphipod Genus Stygobromus (Crangonyctidae) In Western North America, With Emphasis On Species Of The Hubbsi Group, Daqing Wang

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

This dissertation presents a study of the systematics of the subterranean amphipod genus Stygobromus of family Crangonyctidae in western North America. A total of 53 species of Stygobromus from western North America (including one species from Wisconsin) are recognized, 28 of which are new to science. All species are described and illustrated using external morphological features. A key to the western North America species of Stygobromus is given, as well as a summary of habitats of the species.

Cladistic analyses are conducted using 32 external morphological characters and two categories of outgroup choices: “all-zero” theoretical ancestor and three non-Stygobromus …

Trichodesmium Spp.: Numerical Studies Of Resource Competition, Carbohydrate Ballasting, And Remote-Sensing Reflectance, Tonya Denise Clayton

OES Theses and Dissertations

In recent years, a new appreciation for the role of diazotrophy in the oceans has emerged. This dissertation reports on three modeling studies designed to investigate ecological processes associated with Trichodesmium spp., the most conspicuous marine diazotroph: (1) characterization of a generalized model Trichodesmium and issues of macronutrient resource competition; (2) carbohydrate ballasting by Trchodesmium and implications for the formation of surface accumulations; and (3) the vertical distribution of Trichodesmium and implications for detection from space.

The first study focuses on issues of nitrogen and phosphorus competition and ecosystem structure. It utilizes a simple ecosystem model that includes dissolved nitrogen …

Water Rights As Contested Terrain: The Case Of Tenmile Creek, Oregon, Marcie L. Allen

Dissertations and Theses

This thesis examines the complex conflict over water rights at Tenmile Creek, located along the south central Oregon Coast. The research is an exploratory case study identifying the main motivations of actors, the constraints they faced, and the conditions that encouraged or dissuaded collaborative behavior.

The main objectives are (1) to refine the understanding of the relationship between societies and their physical environment in market societies that are both motivated to exploit and preserve natural resources and, (2) to explore the kinds of institutional arrangements that may be required to manage the water supply in a collaborative and sustainable manner. …

An Examination Of Southeastern U.S. Satyrium (Lycaenidae: Theclinae), Part One: An Obscure New Subspecies Of Satyrium Edwardsii, Ronald R. Gatrelle

The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey

Satyrium edwardsii meridionale is described as a new subspecies from Aiken County, South Carolina, United States. This scarce colony is the southeasternmost known population of this butterfly in the United States. It was discovered by the author (Ronald R. Gatrelle) in 1990 near Aiken State Park in Aiken County, South Carolina. This site is in South Carolina’s upper Coastal Plain in the southern part of the state adjacent to Georgia. It is known from only one male and one female at the type locality. Because it was known from only one pair, the author thought it best to wait until …

Mammalian Play: Training For The Unexpected, Marek Špinka, Ruth C. Newberry, Marc Bekoff

Ethology Collection

In this review, we present a new conceptual framework for the study of play behavior, a hitherto puzzling array of seemingly purposeless and unrelated behavioral elements that are recognizable as play throughout the mammalian lineage. Our major new functional hypothesis is that play enables animals to develop flexible kinematic and emotional responses to unexpected events in which they experience a sudden loss of control. Specifically, we propose that play functions to increase the versatility of movements used to recover from sudden shock such as loss of balance and falling over, and to enhance the ability of animals to cope emotionally …

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 33, No.2 June 2001

The Prairie Naturalist

A LITERATURE-BASED CHECKLIST OF KANSAS ROBBER FLIES (DIPTERA: ASILIDAE) ▪ R. J. Beckemeyer

DISTRIBUTIONS OF ROOSTING SANDHILL CRANES AS

IDENTIFIED BY AERIAL THERMOGRAPHY ▪ T. L. Parrish, W. A. Hubert, S. H. Anderson, M. 1. Pucherelli, and W. Mangus

CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNTS FOR NORTH DAKOTA 2000 ▪ R. N. Randall

FIRST RECORD OF THE CINERElJS SHREW FOR RILEY COUNTY, KANSAS. R. S. Matlack, D. W. Kaufman, and R. E. Charlton

BADGER REMOVES EGG FROM ISLAND IN PRAIRIE ALKALI LAKE ▪ B. R. Casler and R. K. Murphy

ON THE RARITY OF FOOD PROVISIONING BY MALE DICKCISSELS ▪ L. D. Igl …

Clarification Of And Comments On Northern Speyeria Hydaspe Subspecies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), Norbert G. Kondla

The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey

The geographic distribution and use of three northern Speyeria hydaspe subspecies names is reviewed. This is necessary due to literature errors about the type locality of subspecies rhodope (Edwards, 1874). The correct placement of the rhodope type locality renders the name S. hydaspe sakuntala (Skinner, 1911) of interior British Columbia as a junior synonym of S. hydaspe rhodope. The name S. hydaspe minor (McDunnough, 1927) is available for the coastal populations by those who recognize these as different from those of the interior.

Biodiversity: The World Of Life, Charles H. Smith

DLPS Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Spring/Summer 2001, Nsu Oceanographic Center

Currents

No abstract provided.

Comparison Of Rodent Communities Of Native Brushland, Replanted, And Secondary Succession Sites In The Lower Rio Grande Valley Of Texas, Mitchell Allen Sternberg

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

I compared small mammal communities between mature brushlands, replanted brushlands, and secondary succession sites from November 1998 to December 1999 to evaluate revegetation efforts in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. I determined rodent community characteristics of the three habitat types. The mature brushland and replanted habitats had similar species diversities and both were significantly higher than the secondary succession habitat. Species diversity was highest at the replanted edge grid during Winter. The current replanting method provides a more diverse rodent community than does natural succession from fallow fields. Wildlife monitoring should be extended to other taxonomic guilds so …

Casco Bay Watershed Wetlands Characterization, State Planning Office

Maine Collection

Casco Bay Watershed Wetlands Characterization

State of Maine Executive Department - State Planning Office

Augusta, Maine, May 2001

Contents: Abstract / Background / Getting Started / Designing the System / The Characterization / The Prioritization / Results / Cautions / Significance of the Approach / Literature Cited / Figure 1 - Biophysical Regions of Maine / Appendix A: Steering Committee Members / Appendix B: Field Verification Form / Appendix C: Contacts