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Helminth Remains From Prehistoric Indian Coprolites On The Colorado Plateau, Karl J. Reinhard, Richard H. Hevly, Glenn A. Anderson

Karl Reinhard Publications

Examination of coprolites excavated from archaeological sites in the Americas demonstrates excellent preservation of helminth eggs and, in some cases, larvae. To gain an understanding of helminth parasitism in prehistory on the Colorado Plateau of Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah, 319 coprolites from 5 archaeological sites were analyzed. Helminth eggs and larvae were recovered after the coprolites were rehydrated, screened, and sedimented. At a sixth site, soils excavated from 5 rooms used as latrine areas were processed with palynological techniques. The results indicate that all but 1 of the prehistoric populations examined were infected with intestinal worms. The helminths implicated …

Revised Checklist Of North American Mammals North Of Mexico, 1986, J. Knox Jones Jr., Dilford C. Carter, Hugh H. Genoways, Robert S. Hoffmann, Dale W. Rice, Clyde Jones

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

As in previous lists, orders, families, and genera are listed in conventional phylogenetic sequence mostly following Hall (1981) but, in a departure from previous lists, species are entered alphabetically within each genus. This will facilitate use of the checklist by those unfamiliar with intrageneric taxonomy. Some assemblages are not well enough understood to create a meaningful hierarchy at the specific level.

Management Measures For The Cockburn Sound Mussel Fishery., H. G. Brayford

Fisheries Management Papers

The Cockburn Sound professional fishery has seen a rapid increase in fishing effort in recent years. In response to this Cockburn Sound has been declared to be a restricted area for commercial fishing pending the introduction of long term management measures. Interim endorsements have therefore been issued for commercial fishing within Cockburn Sound.

Management Measures For The Shark Bay Snapper Fishery 1987 Season., P. Millington

Fisheries Management Papers

The 1986 Shark Bay snapper fishing season mirrored in almost all respects the situation which will apply when the limited entry regime is put into effect. It was thus an opportunity to assess how effective the measures recommended in the Report of the Shark Bay Snapper Fishery Working Group were in reducing effort in the fishery.

The King George Sound Purse Seine Fishery Working Group Report By The Chairman Mr. R. S. Brown To The Minister For Fisheries., R. S. Brown

Fisheries Management Papers

The King George Sound Purse Seine Fishery Working Group was formed to investigate the purse seine (mainly mulie) fishery in King George Sound and advise the Minister for Fisheries on options for future management. The fishery in King George Sound is unlike most fisheries because the fish stock (pilchards) which is exploited is part of a very extensive stock located right around the south and north west coast of Western Australia. Only relatively small portion of the total stock of pilchard enter King George Sound and comes under the very high exploitation there. The Working Group has proposed to the …

The Esperance Rock Lobster Working Group Interim Report By The Chairman Mr. A. Pallot To The Western Australia Fishing Industry., A. Pallot

Fisheries Management Papers

In July 1985 the Minister for Fisheries released a discussion paper titled "Arrangements for entry to all fisheries off and along the Western Australian coast" for consideration by all members of the fishing industry. The Australian Fishing Industry Council (W.A. Branch), now the Western Australian Fishing Industry Council (Inc), responded to the discussion paper in March 1986. The following were included in the Council's recommendations: 1. The rock lobster fishery near Esperance be a limited entry fishery. 2. The bench mark date for determining access by April 30, 1985. 3. that the Minister for fisheries establish a representative Government/Industry Working …

The Windy Harbour-Augusta Rock Lobster Working Group. Interim Report By The Chairman Mr. A. Pallot To The Western Australian Fishing Industry., A. Pallot

Fisheries Management Papers

Summary of Recommendations: Boat Access: That the Windy Harbour-Augusta Rock Lobster Fishery be declared a limited entry fishery. That the limited entry fishery related to the taking of Western Rock Lobster (Panulirue cygnus) and Southern Rock Lobster (Jasus novaehollandiae) That the southern boundary of Zone E of the W.C.R.L.F. terminate at a point where it intersects with a line drawn in a southerly direction from the Cape Leeuwin lighthouse. That the eastern boundary remain at Point D'Entrecasteaux (approximately 1160east longitude). That the western and southern boundaries by limits of the Australian Fishing Zone. That the season be for the period …

The Report Of The Fish Farming Legislative Review Committee., P. Rogers

Fisheries Management Papers

In 1975, amendments to the Fisheries Act provided for the licensing and control of commercial fish farming activities and , for specific declared species, further controls on their processing and marketing. To date, marron has been the only species to be declared a "farm fish". During the last decade, much of the State's aquaculture impetus has focused on marron although more recently greater attention has been directed towards trout, yabbies and freshwater aquarium fish species. On November 19, 1984, the Marron Growers Association of Western Australia (Inc) wrote to the Minister for Fisheries and Wildlife, seeding a general review of …

Mortality Of White-Tailed Deer In Northeastern Minnesota, Michael E. Nelson, L. David Mech

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Abstract: Two hundred nine white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were radiotracked in the central Superior National Forest, Minnesota, from 1973 through winter 1983-84; 85 deaths were recorded. Annual survival was 0.31 for fawns (<1.0 years old), 0.80 for yearling (1.0-2.0 years old) females, 0.41 for yearling males, 0.79 for adult (≥2.0 years old) females, and 0.47 for adult males. Monthly survival rates were high from May through December (0.94-1.00), except for yearling (0.60) and adult (0.69) bucks during the November hunting season. Most mortality occurred from January through April when gray wolf (Canis lupus) predation was an important mortality source for all cohorts. Yearlings males were most vulnerable to hunting and adult males to wolf predation.

Eulimdana Rauschorum N. Sp., A Filarioid Nematode (Lemdaninae) From Larus Dominicanus In Antarctica, With Comments On Evolution And Biogeography, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Eulimdana rauschorum n. sp. is described from southern black-backed gulls, Larus dominicanus Lichtenstein in Antarctica. The species is most similar to Eulimdana lari (Yamaguti, 1935) from Charadriiformes in the Holarctic. Males have spicules equal in length that are asymmetric in structure distally. There are 4-5 and 3-5 caudal papillae in rows to the right and left of the anus, and two small genital papillae at the posterolateral margin of the anus. Females have a variable number of prominent caudal papillae and large microfilariae (365 μm in length). The morphological similarities and host distribution of E. rauschorum and E. lari suggest …

Relationship Between Snow Depth And Gray Wolf Predation On White-Tailed Deer, Michael E. Nelson, L. David Mech

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Abstract: Survival of 203 yearling and adult white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) was monitored for 23,441 deer days from January through April 1975-85 in northeastern Minnesota. Gray wolf (Canis lupus)predation was the primary mortality cause, and from year to year during this period, the mean predation rate ranged from 0.00 to 0.29. The sum of weekly snow depths/month explained 51% of the variation in annual wolf predation rate, with the highest predation during the deepest snow.

Environmental Factors Affecting Nocturnal Migrations Of Macrobenthos, C. Timothy Morris

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Nocturnally dispersing macrobenthic invertebrates of the Lafayette River, Norfolk, Virginia were collected from September 4 to October 4, 1982 to determine environmental factors affecting migrations. A total of 55 taxa were identified from 325 surface and bottom nocturnal plankton tows. Peracaridan crustaceans were the dominant (99.0% of the total density) group collected. Six of the commonly collected species showed a significant (P

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 18, No. 2. June 1986

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Seabloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

TABLE OF CONTENTS

WINTER ECOLOGY OF BALD EAGLES IN SOUTHCENTRAL NEBRASKA ▪ G. R. Lingle and G. L. Krapu

NATURAL HISTORY OF THE PLAINS POCKET MOUSE IN AGRICULTURALLY DISTURBED SANDSAGE PRAIRIE ▪ K. M. Reed and J. R. Choate

COMMERCIAL SUNFLOWERS: FOOD FOR RED FOXES IN NORTH DAKOTA ▪ A. B. Sargeant, S. H. Allen, and J. P. Fleskes

CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNTS FOR NORTH DAKOTA - 1985 ▪ R. N. Randall

NEST SITES OF DUCKS IN GRAZED MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE IN NORTH DAKOTA ▪ H. F. …

Bird Use Of Lakes In The Claremont-Upland Area, Valerie Banschbach

Pomona Senior Theses

I studied water bird use of two lakes in the Claremont-Upland area to determine what physical, chemical, and biological aspects of these lakes provide suitable water bird habitat and food resources. I censused the Bernard Field Station Lake in Claremont and a gravel pit freshwater area in Upland from 10/85 to 3/86 for water bird use. I also mapped these sites, noted their water surface area and water depth changes, monitored their water chemistry, and censused their vegetation. The results of this work showed more total water birds per hour of observation time, and more birds per hour of observation …

Life History And Production Of Three Species Of Isopods In Beargrass Creek Louisville, Ky, James A. Eckstein

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The life history and annual production of the aquatic isopods L. fontinalis, C. intermedia and C. brevicaudus in a spring stream, Beargrass Creek, Louisville, Kentucky was studied. Reproductive activity was observed with the greatest intensity in the spring months from March to May. Smaller secondary peaks for recruitment of young were seen in the fall months for L. fontinalis and C. intermedia. Brood size for the three isopods was compared by linear regression. The mean annual biomass for the three isopods ranged from 0.67 g/m2 for C. intermedia, 0.83 g/m2 for C. brevicaudus to 2.1 g/m2 for L. fontinalis. Annual …

Animal Nutritional Response To Sward Structure Under Short Duration Grazing Management, Kenneth C. Olson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A ten-paddock short duration grazing cell was stocked with yearling heifers at a stocking rate of 0.7 ha per animal unit month and a stocking density of 0.14 ha per animal unit. A continuously-season- long-grazed (CSLG) pasture was used as a control. It was stocked at the same stocking rate, but at a stocking density of 1.4 ha per animal unit. Grazing periods in SDG paddocks were two or three days. Dietary quality was assessed by crude protein · content and in vitro digestibility of esophageal fistula estrusa samples. Three variables of ingestive behavior were measured, including ingestion rate, biting …

Effect Of Short Duration Grazing On Soil Moisture Depletion And Plant Water Status In A Crested Wheatgrass Pasture, Jon M. Wraith

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A short duration grazing system was utilized to determine the effects of intensive periodic defoliation during spring on soil moisture depletion patterns and plant water status in a crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum and A. desertorum) pasture in central Utah. Exclosures were constructed to compare grazed and ungrazed responses. Soil moisture was monitored to a depth of 193 cm at one to two week intervals from mid-April to late-September using a neutron moisture gauge. Predawn and midday leaf water potentials were estimated using a pressure chamber technique. The two paddocks included in the study were grazed three times between …

Carnivore Competition And Resource Use In The Serengeti Ecosystem Of Tanzania, George Walter Frame

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Coexisting ungulate-eating carnivores--lion, spotted hyena, cheetah, leopard, African wild dog, black-backed jackal, common jackal, and six species of vulture--are examined in East Africa's Serengeti ecosystem. Niche similarities year-round, by season, and by location are described using food, habitat, time of hunting, and other variables. Intraspecific niches of cheetah sex, age, and social groups show that male coalitions differ most from the others in hunting behavior and habitat use. Tests using the carnivore data failed to support hypotheses about niche breadth variation, niche overlap variation, range of food items, and niche inclusion. Densities of the five largest Carnivora in the 35,500 …

Revegetation Of Denuded High Elevation Watersheds In Mustang, Nepal, Madhukar Upadhya

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Lack of vegetative cover largely caused by such human activities as firewood collection, intensive grazing, and deforestation have accelerated the process of desertification at high elevation watersheds in Nepal. Mountain environment at high elevation is delicate and regeneration of vegetation is slow. Livestock grazing and firewood collection are the basic needs of the people. However, constant human pressure on natural vegetation upsets the hydrologic processes and results in disastrous soil erosion. Desertification caused by long-term soil erosion in semi-arid regions of Mustang district (a severely desertified, high elevation area) in Nepal probably indicates the future of other high elevation watersheds, …

The Redevelopment Of Plant Community Diversity On A Surface Coal Mine In Southwestern Wyoming, Thomas Joseph Hatton

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A study was initiated in 1981 to investigate the redevelopment of plant communities on a recontoured, surface-mined site in southwestern Wyoming. The landscape pattern of vegetation was compared with topographic position, the initial topsoil pattern, and cultural practices including shrub planting density, shrub planting pattern and topsoil treatments for the years 1982-1985. In addition, differences in vascular plant species diversity within these various factors and treatments were determined, along with the trend in intracommunity (alpha), intercommunity (beta) and landscape (gamma) diversity for the entire study area.

The influence of site factors and tested cultural practices on the differentiation of the …

A Market Analysis For Adult Outdoor Education In Five Western States, Karla Joy Vanderzanden

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Organizations that offer Outdoor Education programs for adults are concerned with how to best attract people to their programs. Effective program design begins with a clear understanding of the people to be served. A marketing orientation--meeting the needs of participants--has begun to pervade non-profit management; specific information on the adult market for Outdoor Education remains limited. The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize segments based upon the benefits people seek from such an experience. Secondly, this analysis describes current programs 1n a five state region and identifies discrepancies between available and needed services.

A mail survey of …

Intercept Feeding As A Means Of Reducing Deer-Vehicle Collisions, Peggy Wood

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Intercept feeding was tested for its efficacy in reducing deer-vehicle collision frequency by diverting deer movement patterns away from highways using alfalfa hay as an attractant. Ratios of roadkills in control vs. treatment zones of three highway segments indicated that feeding reduced collision frequency. Spotlighting counts of live deer were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the control than in the treatment zone, supporting the effectiveness of feeding in keeping deer distant from the highway. In a benefit:cost analysis, the benefits accrued by reducing collision frequency exceeded the costs of feeding on each highway both years, with one exception: in 1986 one of the highways demonstrated that particular features of an area may not be conducive to effectively attracting deer away from a highway. I recommend intercept feeding be used with alternate techniques, so that the most appropriate technique is applied in each situation to reduce collision risk.

Belowground Resource Exploitation In Semiarid Plants: A Comparative Study Using Two Tussock Grasses That Differ In Competitive Ability, David M. Eissenstat

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The relative competitive abilities of Agropyron desertorum and Agropyron spicatum were compared using Artemisia tridentata transplants as indicator plants. Although these two tussock grasses have similar shoot growth forms and shoot physiological characteristics, they have substantial differences in their competitive abilities. Artemisia had lower survival, growth, reproduction, and water potential when transplanted into neighborhoods of A. desertorum than in neighborhoods of A. spicatum.

Plant attributes associated with the differences in competitive ability were explored. Agropyron desertorum and A. spicatum have remarkably similar potential growth rates at warm soil temperatures. In a prolonged cold soil temperature treatment in the greenhouse, …

The Report Of The Southern Western Australian Shark Working Group., P. Millington

Fisheries Management Papers

The southern Western Australian Shark Working Group was formed to investigate the southern shark fishery and advise the Minister for Fisheries on options for future management. Membership comprised six fishermen from regional professional fishermen's associations and two Fisheries Department officers. The Working Group considered that each shark fisherman obtaining an entitlement should then be restricted in the length of fishing gear he can use and the number of months he can fish. The individual's time and gear entitlement would be approximately that length of gear being used and time spent fishing in a period shortly before the bench mark date. …

Variations In Radial Maze Performance Under Different Levels Of Food And Water Deprivation, Robert H.I. Dale, William A. Roberts

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

Four groups of rats were tested on an eight-arm radial maze under a free-choice procedure. The subjects were maintained at either 80% or 100% of their preexperimental free-feeding weights through restricted access to either food or water. Water-deprived subjects received water in the maze; food-deprived subjects received food. Water-deprived subjects learned the task faster than food-deprived subjects. The four groups developed different response patterns. These were measured by the mean transition size, the average angular distance (in 45° units) between consecutively chosen arms. Rats foraging for food and water developed different search strategies, with water-deprived subjects exhibiting lower mean transition …

The Case For Hunting On National Wildlife Refuges, Harvey K. Nelson

Hunting Collection

Public land management agencies are faced with greater challenges today than ever before in responding to the recreational needs of society. As Will Rogers so aptly stated, "Land, they make so little of it nowadays" (Steinhart 1986). The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) also must face these challenges in management of national wildlife refuges (NWRs). There is a growing demand by the American people to utilize and enjoy NWRs in a variety of ways. Managers are faced with the dilemma of determining how much and what kind of management and utilization of natural resources is appropriate without compromising the …

The Case For Hunting, William L. Robinson

Hunting Collection

My purpose at this symposium is to present the case for hunting. I am a wildlife ecologist by training and profession, and I am also a hunter. As a hunter, I am sensitive to criticisms of this pursuit, as any hunter should be. Some people question how, with knowledge of the nature and functioning of ecological systems, I can go out with a gun and kill grouse, ducks, and deer. I respond that, indeed, my understanding of ecology and the nature of man enhances my enjoyment of hunting.

Effects Of Early Experience Upon Adaptiveness Of Horses, J. C. Heird, R. W. Bell, S. G. Brazier

Equines Collection

Experimentation with laboratory animals, encompassing the range of usual species (mice, rats, cats, clogs, and primates), has conclusively demonstrated that handling by humans during early life facilitates subsequent development in terms of health and viability, reduced emotional reactivity, more adaptive responses to a variety of stressors (both biological and behavioral adaptations), and increased ability to adapt to changing circumstances as exemplified by increased ability to learn and solve problems (seeM. Bornstein 1985, for recent review).

Two studies (described below) (Heircl et a!. 1981; Whitaker 1982) conducted at Texas Tech University (TTU) have extended these findings regarding the beneficial effects of …

Wildlife And Nature Liberation, Michael W. Fox

Conservation Collection

Humane ethics--animal welfare--and animal rights are not incompatible with ecologically sound wildlife stewardship. They are an integral part of it, from treating wildlife for necessary research purposes humanely, to finding humane ways to control the populations of species that are out of balance and thus threatening the viability of other species and the diversity and integrity of the ecosystem. That mistakes may be made in stewardshipmanagement policies is inevitable. It is, for instance, difficult to know if the sudden abundance of one or more species and the dwindling of others is part of the natural process of succession and should …

Wildlife Conservation And Animal Rights: Are They Compatible?, Michael Hutchins, Christen Wemmer

Conservation Collection

The purpose of this paper is to explore the philosophical tenets of the animal rights/humane ethic as they relate to the environmental ethic and, more specifically, as they relate to wildlife management and conservation. The two ethics will be compared in an effort to identify potential sources of conflict. Recent criticisms of the animal rights ethic, most notably by Fox (1978, 1979), Rodman (1977), Callicott (1980), Gunn (1980), and Hutchins et al. (1982) have identified several major discrepancies. The implications of these differences will be discussed.