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Demography, Reproduction, Diet And Crop Depredation In Three Species Of Rodents In Natural And Irrigated Fields In Nigeria, Safianu Rabiu

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Rodent populations of Arvicanthis, Mastomys and Tatera were studied during July 1990 to August 1992 in both natural and irrigated savannah fields of northern Nigeria. Tatera was entirely absent from the irrigated fields. Irrigation enhanced higher rodent population densities in the magnitude of three to four times over densities in the natural field. Arvicanthis was the most abundant of the three species in both sites. Tatera was the least common in the natural site. Adult survival rates in Arvicanthis and Tatera were significantly higher than Mastomys. Survival rates of both adult and young differed between the wet and dry …

Population Dynamics Of Oryzomys Palustris And Microtus Pennsylvanicus On The Eastern Shore Of Virginia, John A. March Jr.

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

The population dynamics of Oryzomys palustris, the marsh rice rat, and of Microtus pennsylvanicus, the meadow vole, were determined during a year-long mark-and-recapture study on the Eastern Shore of Virginia. Three nights of trapping per month were conducted on two live trap grids totaling 5456 total trap nights. The grids were located on Nature Conservancy land, one in Oyster, and the second at Steelman's Landing, which is east of Townsend in Northampton County Virginia. Trapped animals were evaluated using established criteria. Reproductive activity, age and sex composition, and density of the population, capture probability, survival rate, and recruitment were determined. …

Trophic Transfer Of Fatty Acids, Sterols, And A Triterpenoid Alcohol Between Bacteria, A Ciliate, And The Copepod Acartia Tonsa, Melissa C. Ederington, George B. Mcmanus, H. Rodger Harvey

OES Faculty Publications

The incorporation of lipids into the copepod Acartia tonsa and its eggs was measured when it was fed either a bacterivorous ciliate (Pleuronema sp.) or a diatom (Thalassiosira weissflogii). Egg production was 10-fold higher on the diatom diet, whereas hatch success of eggs was the same for algal and ciliate diets. Adult copepods fed diatoms contained more total fatty acid and sterols than copepods fed the ciliate diet, and individual lipids reflected the dietary source. Eggs from diatom-fed copepods had fewer fatty acids but more sterols than eggs from copepods on a ciliate diet. Ciliate-fed copepods and …

Management Options (Discussion Paper) For The Shark Bay Snapper Limited Entry Fishery, Shark Bay Snapper Limited Entry Fishery Working Group, Doug Bathgate

Fisheries Management Papers

At the Annual Management Meeting of the Shark Bay Snapper Limited Entry Fishery held on 22 July 1994 industry put forward a proposal that supplementary and non-transferable quota that was "lost" to the fishery when a licence holding non-transferable quota was transferred should be retained by the Fisheries Department and leased back to licence holders on an annual basis. As a result of this proposal and the fact that the management arrangements for the fishery are extremely complex and in need of simplification, the Minster for Fisheries approved the establishment of a Working Group to examine the lease-back proposal and …

Management Of The Northern Demersal Scalefish Fishery, Jane Fowler

Fisheries Management Papers

In mid 1994, the Fisheries Department of Western Australia announced that it would prepare a discussion paper setting out options for future management of the demersal scalefish fishery off the Kimberley coast. This paper, which was to be the start of a wider consultative process, was also to include options for possible further development of the trap and line fisheries. This paper is only the first step in a process for developing formal long term management arrangements under the new fisheries legislation, the Fish Resources Management Act 1994. Its aim is to provide some background and to present some management …

Report On Future Management Options For The South West Trawl Limited Entry Fishery, South West Trawl Limited Entry Fishery Working Group

Fisheries Management Papers

As a result of community concern regarding trawling, the current management rules for the South West Trawl Limited Entry Fishery were finalised in February 1989 and the final plan was gazetted in October of that year. However, there was public disquiet about this trawling, and as a result of this disquiet, a research program was initiated by the Fisheries Department with funding received from both the Commonwealth and State Governments. The scientific report, "The impact of trawling for saucer scallops and western king prawns on the benthic communities in coastal waters off south-western Australia" by L J B Laurenson, P …

Flea News 50 (July 1995), Robert E. Lewis

Flea News

Obituary: Maria Suciu (January 9, 1932-September 24, 1994)

Miscellanea

Mailing list

Siphonaptera literature

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 27, No.2. June 1995

The Prairie Naturalist

WILDLIFE MORTALITY ASSOCIATED WITH OIL PITS IN WYOMING ▪ B.J. Esmoil and S.H. Anderson

DRAMATIC INCREASE OF LE CONTE'S SPARROW IN CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM FIELDS IN THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS ▪ LD. Igl and D.H. Johnson

CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNTS FOR NORTH DAKOTA - 1994 ▪ R.N. Randall

DESCRIPTIONS OF WALLEYE STOCKS IN HIGH-ELEVATION RESERVOIRS, WYOMING ▪ T.D. Marwitz and W A. Hubert

NEW VASCULAR PLANT RECORDS FOR THE BLACK HILLS OF SOUTH DAKOTA AND WYOMING • G.E. Larson and J.R. Johnson

NOTES

A New Population of Small White Lady's-Slipper (Cypripedium candidum) in South Dakota ▪ S.E. Boettcher

Sandhill …

The Bag And Size Limit Review: New Regulations And Summary Of Submissions, F. B. Prokop, J M. Collins

Fisheries Management Papers

Since the new bag and size limits were introduced in December 1991, there have been many suggestions for refinement and improvement of these regulations. This paper includes the summary of submissions to Fisheries Management Paper No 52 - Review of Bag and Size Limit Proposals for Western Australian Recreational Fishers and details new regulations which will come into force on 1 July 1995.

The Best Available Information - Its Implications For Recreational Fisheries Management, F. B. Prokop

Fisheries Management Papers

Workshop at Second National Fisheries Managers Conference, Bribie Island, Queensland, October 18, 1994. Recreational fisheries management is one of the growth areas in Australian fisheries. The Australian Society for Fish Biology Workshop topic for its 1994 Conference was Recreational Fishing - What's the Catch. It was acknowledged at the ASFB conference that there were generally poor levels of information and for the lower value commercial and recreational fisheries there may be no way to gather definitive research data for the foreseeable future. However, in even the high profile fisheries, public perceptions, attitudes, and political will do not allow for the …

Green River Foodweb: Colorado Squawfish Nursery Habitat Near Ouray National Wildlife Refuge, Utah, Linden Hamer Alder

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Effects of fish introductions are relatively well studied in lentic habitats, and apparently range from extremely disruptive to notably benign (Kruegger and May 1991). Though researched less completely, fish introductions may also alter native faunas in lotic habitats. Ptychocheilus lucius, commonly known as the Colorado squawfish (C. squawfish), is a fish species endemic to the Colorado river system. The population is currently experiencing dramatically reduced recruitment successes relative to historical rates. Introduced fishes such as channel catfish, smallmouth bass, and green sunfish are prevalent in the Upper Colorado River. The introduced fish presence is increasingly suspected by researchers as a …

The Impact Of A Mountain Pine Beetle Epidemic On Wildlife Habitat And Communities In Post-Epidemic Stands Of A Lodgepole Pine Forest In Northern Utah, William E. Stone

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Natural disturbance events influence the patterns and processes in many forest ecosystems. Ecosystem management of coniferous forests in western North America requires the recognition of the importance that natural disturbance regimes have in achieving sustainable resource production and maintaining biological diversity . Mountain pine beetle epidemics have played an historic role in the succession and structure of lodgepole pine forests in this region. Their effects on wildlife habitat and communities are undocumented, but are presumed to be substantial. I sought to quantify these effects in forty 1-ha stands of monotypic, even-aged, mature lodgepole pine forest in northern Utah approximately 3-8 …

Behavioral Characteristics Affect Habitat Selection Of Domestic Ruminants, Cody B. Scott

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

I evaluated some of the factors affecting livestock distribution by conducting experimental (Chapters II and III) and observational (Chapter IV) studies. In Chapter II, I described the effect of locations of familiar foods and social interactions on choice of feeding location by lambs. Lambs were exposed to a pasture as subgroups of strangers and companions with different dietary habits (i.e., three lambs that preferred milo with three lambs that preferred wheat). Milo was placed on one end and wheat on the other, about 100 m apart. Strangers typically fed in different locations, reflecting dietary preferences. Conversely, companions fed in both …

Disease And Habitat Change As Factors Associated With Mourning Dove Population Decline, William D. Ostrand

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The western mourning dove (Zenaida macroura) population has been declining since 1966. Data collected in 1951-52, in Fillmore, Utah, provided us a baseline for comparison with our study in the same area. Our approach was to determine whether a local population decline had occurred since the original data were collected, assess if trichomoniasis has impacted the local population, determine if changes in habitat structure affect foraging site selection, quantify changes in habitat, identify which habitats doves preferred, ascertain whether doves had responded to habitat change by changing food habits, and assess if changes in habitat were responsible in …

Winter Habitat Selection By American Marten (Martes Americana) In Newfoundland: Why Old Growth?, Gary S. Drew

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Although the American marten (Martes americana) generally is recognized as an obligate late-seral species, the factors dictating this association are poorly understood. Martens were studied in Newfoundland, Yellowstone National Park, and in a captive setting. As expected, use of habitat types was not proportional to availability P < 0.001). Defoliated and late-seral conifer stands were used more than expected, while all other types indicated expected or less than expected use. Habitat selection by martens was detectable at spatial scales greater than 80 m (P < 0.001).

Newfoundland martens were radio-collared and monitored for diet activity during the winters of 1990 and 1991. A regression of the percent active fixes on temperature had a negative slope (b = -4.45, P = 0.084, n = 12), indicating that martens did not minimize their exposure to low temperatures. A log-linear model suggested …

The Challenge And Opportunity Of Recovering Wolf Populations, L. David Mech

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

The gray wolf once inhabited a wide variety of habitats throughout most of the northern hemisphere north of 20°N latitude. Because the animal preyed on livestock and competed with humans for wild prey, it was extirpated from much of its range outside of wilderness areas. Environmental awareness in the late 1960s brought for the wolf legal protection, increased research, and favorable media coverage. The species has increased in both Europe and North America, is beginning to reoccupy semiwilderness and agricultural land, and is causing increased damage to livestock. Because of the wolfs high reproductive rate and long dispersal tendencies, the …

Evolutionary Origin Of Plasmodium And Other Apicomplexa Based On Rrna Genes, Ananias A. Escalante, Francisco J. Ayala

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

We have explored the evolutionary history of the Apicomplexa and two related protistan phyla, Dinozoa and Ciliophora, by comparing the nucleotide sequences of small subunit ribosomal RNA genes. We conclude that the Plasmodium lineage, to which the malarial parasites belong, diverged from other apicomplexan lineages (piroplasmids and coccidians) several hundred million years ago, perhaps even before the Cambrian. The Plasmodium radiation, which gave rise to several species parasitic to humans, occurred 129 million years ago; Plasmodium parasitism of humans has independently arisen several times. The origin of apicomplexans (Plasmodium), dinoflagellates, and ciliates may be >1 billion years old, …

Draft Report Of The South Coast Estuarine Fishery Working Group, South Coast Estuarine Fishery Workng Group

Fisheries Management Papers

The South Coast Estuarine Working Group was established in 1991 at the request of commercial fishermen by the Minister of the day. This report outlines a draft management plan for the South Coast Estuarine fishery that was made available for public comment.

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 27 , No. 1. March 1995

The Prairie Naturalist

DISTRIBUTION AND STATUS OF SAGE GROUSE IN COLORADO ▪ CE. Braun

BIRDS ASSOCIATED WITH BLACKBIRD SPRING FEEDING SITES IN SOUTH DAKOTA ▪ G.M. Linz, D.L. Bergman and W J. Bleier

INFLUENCE OF FORB ABUNDANCE ON WINTER BIRD USE OF CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM FIELDS ▪ S.D. Hull, R.J. Robel and K.E. Kemp

FIRST NEST DOCUMENTATION FOR WHIP-POOR-WILL IN SOUTH DAKOTA ▪ K. L. Dean, D.L. Swanson, E.T. Liknes and D.P. Weinacht

WOOD DUCK POPULATION EXPANSION IN NORTHERN MONTANA ▪ DM. Prellwitz, J.R. Little, L.R. Rau and C.J. Hoff

PRAIRIE VOLES AT LOW DENSITY IN UNGRAZED TALLGRASS PRAIRIE IN THE FLINT HILLS …

Phylogenetic Reanalysis Of Strauch's Osteological Data Set For The Charadriiformes, Philip C. Chu

Biology Faculty Publications

Strauch's (1978) compatibility analysis of relationships among the shorebirds (Charadriiformes) was the first study to examine the full range of charadriiform taxa in a reproducible way. Subsequently Mickevich and Parenti (1980) leveled serious charges against Strauch's characters, method of phylogenetic inference, and results. To account for these charges, Strauch's characters were re-examined and recoded, and parsimony analyses were performed on the revised matrix. A parsimony analysis on 74 taxa from the revised matrix yielded 855 shortest trees, each length = 286 and consistency index = 0.385. In each shortest tree there were two major lineages, a lineage of sandpiper-like birds …

Implications Of Native Title Legislation For Fisheries Management And The Fishing Industry In Western Australia, Patricia Summerfield

Fisheries Management Papers

This paper seeks to examine the key issues of both State and Commonwealth native title legislation for the fishing industry and fisheries management in Western Australia. Considerations for Aboriginal involvement in the industry and long-standing as well as recent concessionary arrangements for traditional usage of fish resources are examined. Industry reactions and future plans to accommodate native title in a positive framework are explored.

The Distribution, Ecology And Natural History Of Shrews (Insectivora: Soricidae) In Southern West Virginia, Jeffrey Jerome Hajenga

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

A survey of the soricid (shrew) fauna of southern West Virginia was conducted between May 16, 1994 and May 27, 1995. Twenty-five sites were established in Mercer and Summers counties within seven habitat types. Pitfall traps were used and through a limitation of fluid depth within the trap the selectivity for soricids was increased to over 83% of the total capture. Overall, a total of 653 shrews comprising seven species (Sorex cinereus, S. /ongirostris, S. fumeus, S. dispar, S. hoyi, 8/arina brevicauda, and Cryptotis parva) was captured. Two of the species taken (S. hoyi and S. dispar) are new county …

Reproductive Biology Of The Grass Pickerel Esox Americanus Vermiculatus Lesueur, From The Green Bottom Wildlife Management Area, Cabell County, West Virginia, Ronald Clifton Tipton

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The grass pickerel, Esox american us vermiculatus LeSueur, is listed as Undetermined on the Vertebrate Species List of Concern in West Virginia. The reason for the West Virginia status is that lentic, vegetated habitats required for spawning by the grass pickerel are limited within the state and are being reduced by agricultural, residential, and industrial developments. Green Bottom Swamp, a naturally occurring wetland of 58 hectares, provides habitat for the grass pickerel. A proposed habitat alteration to add marshland by building dykes prompted this study. Information from this investigation will establish a baseline for reproductive activities of the grass pickerel …

Science, Values And Animal Welfare: Exploring The ‘Inextricable Connection’, D. Fraser

Animal Welfare Collection

In conceptualizing animal welfare, it is useful to distinguish among three types of concepts. 'Type l' are single, measurable attributes. 'Type 2' are single attributes that cannot be measured directly but can be estimated by correctly combining various contributing attributes. 'Type 3' are concepts involving multiple attributes which are grouped together because they serve some common function, and whose relative importance cannot be established in an entirely objective way. Individuals who treat animal welfare as a type 1 concept may propose single, objective measures of welfare, such as longevity or levels of stress-related hormones; however, this approach rests on judgements, …

Play Signals As Punctuation: The Structure Of Social Play In Canids, Marc Bekoff

Ethology Collection

Actions called play signals have evolved in many species in which social play has been observed. Despite there being only few empirical demonstrations, it generally is accepted that play signals are important in the initiation ("I want to play") and maintenance ("I still want to play") of ongoing social play. In this study I consider whether a specific and highly stereotyped signal, the bow, is used to maintain social play in adult and infant domestic dogs, infant wolves, and infant coyotes.

To answer this question the temporal placement of bows relative to actions that are also used in other contexts …

Vigilance, Flock Size, And Flock Geometry: Information Gathering By Western Evening Grosbeaks (Aves, Fringillidae), Marc Bekoff

Ethology Collection

Vigilance (scanning) and other behavior patterns were studied in free-ranging Evening Grosbeaks (Coccothraustes vespertinus) at feeders to assess how flock size and flock geometry influenced the behavior of individual birds. The present results indicate that the way in which individual grosbeaks are positioned with respect to one another effects many aspects of their behavior, especially when a flock contains four or more birds. Birds in a linear array who have difficulty seeing one another, when compared to individuals organized in a circle who can easily see one another, are (1) more vigilant, (2) change their head and body positions more …

Animal Well-Being In Zoos, Conservation Centers And In-Situ Conservation Programs, John Lukas

Zoo and Aquarium Animal Populations Collection

Well-being, as defined in reference to one's welfare, is the condition of happiness, prosperity and good health. In dealing with an animal's well-being, there are two frames of reference to consider. First, biological well-being which encompasses the spacial, social, nutritional, behavioral and reproductive needs of a species. Secondly, cultural well-being of animals concentrating on their perception of happiness, cleanliness, safety and the way the animals are treated by the people who care for them.

In this paper, we are not addressing freedom as a condition of well-being, only happiness, prosperity and good health. Free-ranging wild animals are not free but …

Preserving Individuals Versus Conserving Populations: Is There A Conflict?, Donald G. Lindburg

Zoo and Aquarium Animal Populations Collection

Summarized briefly, animal liberation/animal rights' valuation of the individual about its zoological taxon or associates in a community is an extension of ethical theory to animals, using the criterion of sentience rather than rationality for ascribing to the individual the right to an existence free of human-imposed pain and suffering. Humans are not entitled to inflict pain of any purpose, according to this view, including the utilization of animals for food or clothing, for scientific and medical experimentation, for recreation, or even for the animals' own survival as a zoological entity. Insofar as the have written on the subject, the …

Wild / Captive And Other Suspect Dualisms, Dale Jamieson

Zoo and Aquarium Animal Populations Collection

Dualisms have had a hard time in recent years. Philosophers used to think that facts and values were distinct, and that philosophy and science were radically different enterprises. While scientists employed empirical methods to discover the way the world happens to be, the job of philosophers was to use conceptual analysis to reveal how the world necessarily is. In the wake of the revolution unleashed by Quine in the early 1950s, philosophers either had to learn some science, find another job, or fight an irredentist action on behalf of conceptual analysis that is mainly of interest only to a few …

The Wild And The Tame, Juliet Clutton-Brock

Zoo and Aquarium Animal Populations Collection

The Western belief that the world is divided into the "human" and the "natural" stems from the philosophy, first propounded by the ancient Greeks, notably Aristotle, that all living organisms could be placed in a Scale of Nature or Great Chain of Being with "primeval slime" at its base and "Man" at its summit. This belief, which is imbued in Christianity and in all aspects of western civilization, has led to a great divide with "the wild" on one side and "the tame", that is all the animals and plants that are exploited by human, on the other.