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A Fault Diagnosis Method Of Rescue Lifting Vehicle Based On Spectral Clustering, Li Lijing, Chang Dashuai, Li Lei, Chai Junfei

Coal Geology & Exploration

In allusion to the characteristics of complex structure of rescue lifting vehicle, the poor independence of working condition and fault data, and the difficulty in fault diagnosis, we proposed a fault diagnosis algorithm of rescue lifting vehicle with the semi-supervised support vector machine in this paper. In the algorithm, the information on hidden features of the original fault data was mined with the idea of spectral clustering, to effectively distinguish the independent structural features of the fault information in the component system with different degrees of coupling. Firstly, a fault map was established based on the original input data. Then, …

Trait-Based Assembly Of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities Determines Soil Carbon Formation And Retention, Caitlyn C. A. Horsch, Pedro M. Antunes, Catherine Fahey, A. Stuart Grandy, Cynthia M. Kallenbach

Faculty Publications

Fungi are crucial for soil organic carbon (SOC) formation, especially for the more persistent mineral-associated organic C (MAOC) pool. Yet, evidence for this often overlooks arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities and how their composition and traits impact SOC accumulation.

We grew sudangrass with AMF communities representing different traits conserved at the family level: competitors, from the Gigasporaceae family; ruderals, from the Glomeraceae family; or both families combined. We labeled sudangrass with 13C-CO2 to assess AMF contributions to SOC, impacts on SOC priming, and fungal biomass persistence in MAOC.

Single-family AMF communities decreased total SOC by 13.8%, likely due to fungal …

Potential Effect Of Phlorotannins In Brown Algae For Antidiabetic Therapy: Molecular Docking Approach, Melani Sinastri Renagupita, Rahadianto Rahadianto, Efyluk Garianto, Herin Setianingsih

Makara Journal of Science

This study aims to manifest the effect of the active compound phlorotannins in brown algae on decreasing insulin resistance by analyzing the predicted interaction between phlorotannins and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP 1B) and estimating the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of the active compound for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) therapy. This type of research uses an in silico study to test the effect of using phlorotannins as an active compound in brown algae against PTP 1B inhibition. Starting from preparing materials, i.e., downloading the three-dimensional structure of phlorotannins via PubChem and PTP 1B via RSCB PDB (PDB 1A5Y), molecular docking …

Diketopiperazine Cyclo-(S-Pro-R-Leu) Produced By Periconia Pseudobyssoides K5 Isolated From Toona Sureni (Meliaceae) And Its Heme Polymerization Inhibition Activity, Azmi Azhari, Desi Harneti, Asri Peni Wulandari, Yeni Mulyani, Sari Purbaya, Aprilia Permata Sari, Galih Bayu Pratama, Unang Supratman, Yoshihito Shiono

Makara Journal of Science

Fungi endophytes are living microorganisms colonizing inside the internal tissue of a plant and provide ecological benefits for their host. Endophytes provide various metabolites for plant adaptation toward biotic and abiotic stresses and have tremendous pharmacological activities. Toona sureni (T. sureni) (Meliaceae) belongs to the Toona genera and is reported to have antimalarial activity. To determine the compounds produced by the endophytic fungus from this plant, we isolated a compound from Periconia pseudobyssoides (P. pseudobyssoides) K5 endophytes from the stem bark of T. sureni. Diketopiperazine cyclo-(S-Pro-R-Leu), a non-ribosomal peptide, was isolated from brown …

The Potency Of Citrus Aurantiifolia Swingle And Sea Salt Solution As A Cleansing Agent For Edible Bird’S Nests, Siti Gusti Ningrum, Adhitya Yoppy Ro Candra, Hana Cipka Pramuda Wardhani

Makara Journal of Science

The present study aimed to evaluate the potency of Citrus aurantiifolia Swingle and sea salt solution as a promising cleansing agent for edible bird’s nests (EBNs). Ascorbic acid, sodium, and chloride analyses of the C. aurantiifolia Swingle and sea salt solution were conducted using HPLC, ICP-OES, and titrimetry, respectively. The characteristics of physical samples and hydrogen peroxide detection were examined in this study. The reduction activity of the Citrus aurantiifolia Swingle and sea salt solution on the nitrite of 120 white EBNs was studied. This nitrite reduction activity was compared with the available method (standard), drinking water method, 6% C. …

Synthesis And Study Of Anticancer And Antioxidant Activities Of 2-Oxoquinoline Hydrazide Derivatives, Marwa Khalil Mohamed, Ezzeldin Mohamed S. Salem, Ibrahim Ahmed I. Ali

Makara Journal of Science

In this work, hydrazone, thiosemicarbazide, diamide, and dipeptide derivatives were prepared from the glycine and β-alanine hydrazide of 4-hydroxy-2-oxoquinoline. The desired derivative resulted from substitution, hydrazinolysis, condensation, and azide coupling reactions. The fabricated derivatives were screened for anticancer characteristics toward human’s colon carcinoma (HCT-116) cell line using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide viability assay, while antioxidant property was examined using an in vitro H₂O₂ scavenging method. The β-alanine hydrazide derivative 3a showed a remarkable IC₅₀ value of 18.8 μg/mL, whereas its corresponding thiosemicarbazide 5b exhibited moderate activeness with an IC₅₀ value of 26.89 μg/mL. Conversely, …

Pva-Sansevieria Trifasciata Fraction Films As Absorbers Of Electromagnetic And Thermal Radiation On Smartphones, Nabiila Rahmani, Gustini Syahbirin, Akhiruddin Maddu, Purwantiningsih Sugita, Auliya Ilmiawati

Makara Journal of Science

Technological developments have prompted the production of highly advanced smartphones. However, various advanced features cause smartphones to heat up quickly and emit more electromagnetic radiation, which harms human health. Smartphone protection is needed to solve these issues. This study aims to create a film from the S. trifasciata plant based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to reduce electromagnetic and thermal radiation on smartphones. S. trifasciata plants were macerated with acetone and partitioned with n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and water. The films were made by mixing PVA with the four fractions. Among the four layers of film, the PVA + water …

Pollen-Mediated Gene Flow From Genetically Modified Herbicide Resistant Creeping Bentgrass, L. S. Watrud, E. H. Lee, A. Fairbrother, C. Burdick, J. R. Reichman, M. Bollman, M. Storm, G. King, P. K. Van De Water

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Approximately 162 ha of multiple experimental fields of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) genetically modified for resistance to Roundup ®herbicide, were planted in central Oregon in 2002. When the fields flowered for the first time in the summer of 2003, a unique opportunity was presented to evaluate methods to monitor potential pollen-mediated gene flow from the experimental GM crop fields to compatible sentinel and resident plants that were located in surrounding, primarily non-agronomic areas.

Assessing The Risk Posed By Transgenic Virus-Resistant Trifolium Repens To Native Grasslands In Southeast Australia, R. C. Godfree, P. W. G. Chu, A. G. Young

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Australia, comprehensive environmental risk assessments must be performed on transgenic plants (GMOs) prior to their commercial release. A key element is the determination of whether the release of a particular GMO poses any weediness threat to the environment or other agricultural systems, which can occur by means of direct invasion or by introgression of transgenes into wild populations of the same or closely related species. For transgenic pasture plants this question could be of added importance because many of these species have been selected for traits encouraging long-term persistence and competitiveness in complex plant communities (Godfree et al., …

Belowground Meristem Populations As Regulators Of Grassland Dynamics, Harmony J. Dalgleish, D. C. Hartnett

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Studies of plant populations are critical for linking organism to ecosystem-level phenomena and for understanding mechanisms driving responses to global change. In perennial grasslands, the below-ground population of meristems (the bud bank) plays a fundamental role in local plant population recruitment, persistence and dynamics. We explore two aspects of the bud bank in North American grasslands. It has been hypothesized that low variability in arid biomes is explained by meristem limitation, which constrains responses to pulses of high resource availability. Our research tests this hypothesis by comparing bud-bank populations across six sites in the United States that vary 3-fold in …

The Impact Of Vegetation Structure And Spatial Heterogeneity On Invertebrate Biodiversity Within Upland Landscapes, L. Cole, M. L. Pollock, D. Robertson, J. P. Holland, D. I. Mccraken

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Livestock grazing influences vegetation structure and composition at both the patch and wider landscape scale (Milne et al., 1998), and this may have effects on upland invertebrate communities, which in turn influence bird abundance and distribution (Fuller & Gough, 1999; Cole et al., 2002). Of particular importance are open grasslands and wet flushes where invertebrates are abundant and more accessible to birds. However, there have been few studies of invertebrates associated with upland habitats, and most of these have focused on heather moorland, blanket bog, or very fine-scaled structure within grasslands (Dennis et al. 1997; 1998; 2001). This …

Assessment Of Air Pollution Levels During Sugarcane Stubble Burning Event In La Feria, South Texas, Usa, Sai Deepak Pinakana, Edward Robles, Esmeralda Mendez, Amit U. Raysoni

School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Agricultural stubble burning is the third largest source of air pollution after vehicular and industrial emissions. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and black carbon (BC) are some of the pollutants emitted during such burning events. The Lower Rio Grande Valley (RGV) region of South Texas is a major hub of agricultural activity, and sugarcane farming is one of them. Unfortunately, this activity results in episodic events of high air pollution in this low-resourced, Hispanic/Latino majority region of the U.S.–Mexico border. This study presents results from a sugarcane site in La Feria, …

Towards A Comparative Map Of White Clover (Trifolium Repens) And Barrel Medic (Medicago Truncatula), M. Febrer, G. Jenkins, M. T. Abberton, D. Milbourne

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grassland is of pivotal importance to the Irish agricultural industry. This dependence of grass is reflected in the large proportion of land area under grass, approx. 80% of the total land acreage in Ireland. The presence of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in grassland significantly improves the overall nutritional value of the forage by increasing the relative amounts of nitrogen present. Genetic improvement of white clover through breeding of varieties should increase the productivity of grasslands. Advances in plant biotechnology offer the possibility of developing tools that will radically enhance our ability to breed improved plant varieties. The objective …

Role Of The Banyuls(Ban) Gene From Arabidopsis Thaliana In Transgenic Alfalfa Expression Of Anthocyanins And Proanthocyanidins, S. M. Hesamzadeh Hejazi, Sergio Arcioni, F. Paolocci

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Condensed tannins (CTs) are flavonoid oligomers, many of which have beneficial effects on animal (bloat safe) and human health. The BAN gene encodes anthocyanidin reductase (ANR), an enzyme proposed to convert anthocyanidins to their corresponding 2,3-cis-flavan-3-ols (Xie et al., 2003). Ectopic expression of BAN in Alfalfa transgenic foliage results in accumulation of CTs. Thus, it has been assumed that the BAN gene also acts in starter units for the condensation of tannins in Alfalfa.

Clover Astra: A Web-Based Resource For Trifolium Est Analysis, G. C. Spangenberg, T. Sawbridge, E. K. Ong, C. G. Love, T. A. Erwin, E. G. Logan, D. Edwards

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is a major temperate forage legume.

Controlled Flowering Project For Lolium Perenne At Agresearch: An Overview, I. Kardailsky, B. Veit, N. Forester, M. Gagic, K. Richardson, Marty J. Faville, G. Bryan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is an important forage crop in New Zealand. The work presented here has the goal of developing a system for complete and arbitrary control of the transition from vegetative to floral development. For this, we have pursued an integrated approach utilising genomics with both forward and reverse genetics. Like other model plants, photoperiodic and vernalization pathways are presumed to be operating in ryegrass and control the activity of the meristem identity/floral patterning genes. The candidate gene approach targeting the photoperiodic pathway is described in an accompanying abstract (Gagic et al.). Other candidate genes include …

Monitoring Of Gene Expression Profiles And Identification Of Candidate Genes Involved In Drought Tolerance In Festuca Mairei With Cdna-Aflp, J. P. Wang, S. S. Bughrara

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Drought stress is one of the most complex environmental constraints on plants. Response of plant to drought stress is manifested by various changes in physiological and metabolic processes, which are reflected at the molecular level. cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism (cDNA-AFLP) is a high-throughput transcript profiling technique for temporal and spatial gene expression analysis (Bachem et al., 1996). To understand the molecular genetic basis of drought tolerance of grasses, we applied the cDNA-AFLP procedure to identify the genes responding to drought stress of Festuca mairei (Fm), which showed a xeriphytic adaptation (Marlatt et al., 1997).

Gene Discovery And Molecular Dissection Of Fructan Metabolism In Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne), J. Chalmers, A. Lidgett, X. Johnson, K. Terdich, N. Cummings, Y. Y. Cao, K. Fulgueras, M. Emmerling, T. Sawbridge, E. K. Ong, A. Mouradov, G. C. Spangenberg

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Fructans are the main soluble carbohydrate stored in up to a third of the vegetation of the earth, including the economically important temperate grasses. Fructans are polymers of fructose attached to a sucrose precursor. Perennial ryegrass (L. perenne L.) accumulates fructans of the inulin series, inulin neoseries and levan neoseries. Four enzymes are required to produce fructans of this profile: 1-SST (sucrose:sucrose 1- fructosyltransferase), 1-FFT (fructan:fructan 1-fructosyltransferase), 6G-FFT (6-glucose fructosyltransferase) and 6-FFT (fructan:fructan 6-fructosyltransferase) or 6-SFT (sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferase) (Figure 1). Fructan biosynthetic enzymes have evolved from invertases and thus it is argued that fructan metabolism is an extension …

Isolation And Characterization Of A Cbf Gene From Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne L.), Y. Xiong, S. Fei

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Maximum freezing tolerance of many temperate plant species is achieved after exposure to a period of non-freezing low temperatures, a phenomenon called “cold acclimation”. Multiple mechanisms appear to operate in conferring freezing tolerance in plants. The discovery of a class of transcription factor genes, CBF genes (C-repeat binding factor), in Arabidopsis demonstrated that CBF genes can serve as ‘Master switches’ to activate downstream cold-related (COR) genes during cold-acclimation (Liu et al., 1998). They act by binding to the core sequence (CCGAC) which is present in COR genes and thus activate the expression of COR genes and enhance …

Phenotypic Variation Within Local Populations Of Meadow Fescue Shows Significant Associations With Allele Frequencies At Aflp Loci, S. Fjellheim, Å. B. Blomlie, P. Marum, O. A. Rognli

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

To identify markers useful for Marker Assisted Selection (MAS), mapping families are usually constructed and used for Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) mapping. Association mapping offers an alternative strategy for marker development using already characterized germplasm, preferably from natural populations. Simultaneous phenotypic and molecular screening of gene bank accessions can reveal associations between molecular marker alleles and phenotypic traits, and lead to a more targeted construction of mapping families for fine-mapping. In this investigation, we combine molecular (AFLP) and phenotypic data of 15 Norwegian local populations and 5 Nordic cultivars in order to identify markers associated with phenotypic traits of interest.

Diversity Of Diet Composition Decreases With Conjoint Grazing Of Cattle With Sheep And Goats, A. M. Nicol, M. B. Soper, A. Stewart

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Conjoint or mixed grazing can affect the diet selected by each species (Nicol & Collins, 1990). Diet similarity coefficients are often used to compare pairs of diets (Krebs, 1999). However this approach is awkward when a number of contrasts are required in a multifactorial comparison. Species diversity is a descriptor of a particular environment. Many models provide an estimate of species diversity, the most common of these being a log-normal distribution (Tokeshi, 1996). We tested whether this model could be applied to dietary components selected from a pasture, and thus provide a coefficient of dietary diversity for the individual diets …

A Simple Vegetation Criterion (Ndf Content) May Account For Diet Choices Of Cattle Between Forages Varying In Maturity Stage And Physical Accessibility, Cécile Ginane, R. Baumont

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The management of extensively grazed pastures requires an understanding and prediction of the diet choices of herbivores grazing on vegetation that is qualitatively (maturity stage) and quantitatively (biomass, sward height) heterogeneous. The Optimal Foraging Theory (OFT, Stephens & Krebs, 1986), bases its predictions on the relative energy intake rate (EIR) of forages. However, as EIRs are difficult to assess at pasture and are subject to wide intra- and inter-individual variations, another vegetation criterion was sought (accessibility, quality), by-passing the animal's influence, to predict cattle diet choices quantitatively.

Spatial Scale Of Heterogeneity Affects Diet Choice But Not Intake In Beef Cattle, S. Mark Rutter, J. E. Cook, K. L. Young, R. A. Champion

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Previous research has shown that sheep (Champion et al., 1998) and dairy cattle (Nuthall et al., 2000) have a partial preference for clover of 70%, and achieve higher daily intakes when offered grass and clover as separate but adjacent monocultures compared with animals grazing mixed swards. This intake benefit could be utilised to increase intake and production on farms by grazing from adjacent strips of the two herbages. This study aimed to establish the minimum strip width required to achieve the benefits of monocultures.

Is Biodiversity Declining In The Traditional Haymeadows Of Skye And Lochalsh, Scotland?, G. E. D. Tiley, D. G. L. Jones

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Species-rich haymeadows have developed on crofts in the Isle of Skye and Lochalsh Districts of north-west Scotland as a result of a century or more of traditional land use. This has involved long rotations of late cutting for hay with aftermath grazing by cattle and short breaks for cropping. The traditional haymeadows are increasingly coming under threat from changes taking place in the countryside. A survey of the main haymeadows still remaining in Skye and Lochalsh was carried out during 2003 to assess the current botanical composition, management and conservation value, and to compare with earlier surveys.

Alternative Land Use Options For Philippine Grasslands: A Bioeconomic Modeling Approach Using The Wanulcas Model, D. B. Magcale-Macandog, E. Abucay, P. A. B. Ani

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In the Philippines, pure grasslands occupy 1.8 million ha and another 10.8 million ha (33% of the country’s total land area) is under extensive cultivation mixed with grasslands and scrub. Most of these grasslands are under-utilised and dominated by Imperata cylindrica. Imperata grasslands generally represent areas of degraded soils that are acidic, low in organic matter and susceptible to erosion. However, conversion of these grassland areas into upland farms planted to annual crops and perennial trees is proliferating at a fast rate. This is triggered by the interacting factors of rapidly increasing population, the system of landholding, scarcity of …

Forage Development In The Nepal Mid-Hills: New Perspectives, A. D. Robertson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Nepali hill farming communities are typically poor and remote, and are currently severely affected by conflict. The challenge is to define simple approaches which can generate results within this context. Livestock are central to livelihoods and to the sustainability of farming, with rain-fed agriculture dependent on inputs of manure-based compost. Stall feeding has increased dramatically with the adoption of community forestry and general preclusion of grazing. A broad landscape approach to forage development is increasingly being adopted, with concurrent on-farm interventions, such as intercropping and back-yard forage, and off-farm interventions, such as landslide stabilisation with forages, development of forest understory, …

How To Simplify Tools For Natural Grassland Characterisation Based On Biological Measures Without Losing Too Much Information?, P. Ansquer, P. Cruz, J. P. Theau, E. Lecloux, M. Duru

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In marginal areas, such as the Pyrenees, natural grasslands are the only available resource for livestock feeding. Despite this, there is a lack of simple and efficient tools for advisers to aid the management of the complex vegetation of these grasslands. Therefore, we tested an approach derived from functional ecology, to construct such tools: using biological traits to inform on the agronomic characteristics and the way farmers’ practices act on them (Ansquer et al., 2004). Nevertheless, the required protocol of measurement is still time-consuming and difficult. In this paper, we test different ways of simplifying this protocol by reducing …

Herders And Wetland Degradation In Northern Cameroon, E. Tedonkeng Pamo, F. Tendonkeng, J. R. Kana

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Livestock rearing in Northern Cameroon is carried out under two majors systems: the nomadic and the transhumance production systems (Pamo & Pamo, 1991). Nomadism is the practice of wandering from place to place, while transhumance involves seasonal displacement of flocks from one area to another by herders. These production systems involved large grazing areas, which may encompass different ecosystems. The Yaére, the only wetland of the northern Cameroon, is the major dry season grazing lands for livestock and wildlife. The main characteristic of this wetland is that the whole area is excluded from grazing during the growing season as a …

Health And Safety Effects Of Airborne Soil Dust In The Americas And Beyond, Daniel Q. Tong, Thomas E. Gill, William A. Sprigg, Robert Scott Van Pelt, Alexander Baklanov, Bridget Marie Barker, Jesse E. Bell, Juan Castillo, Santiago Gassó, Cassandra Gaston, Amit U. Raysoni

School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Risks associated with dust hazards are often underappreciated, a gap between the knowledge pool and public awareness that can be costly for impacted communities. This study reviews the emission sources and chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of airborne soil particles (dust) and their effects on human and environmental health and safety in the Pan-American region. American dust originates from both local sources (western United States, northern Mexico, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina) and long-range transport from Africa and Asia. Dust properties, as well as the trends and interactions with criteria air pollutants, are summarized. Human exposure to dust is associated …

The Investigation Of Flowering Control In Late/Rare Flowering Lolium Perenne, S. Byrne, I. S. Donnison, L. J. Mur, E. Guiney

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Flowering in Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) results in reduced digestibility and its inhibition would enhance forage quality. Flowering regulation has been well studied in Arabidopsis thaliana (Simpson and Dean, 2002) and orthologs of Arabidopsis flowering genes underlying heading date Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) have been identified in rice (Yano, M et al., 2000). However it is not clear yet how universally applicable such studies are to Lolium. The project goals are to characterise the gene expression profiles of late/rare flowering L. perenne plants to determine factors affecting flowering and to map the genes involved in the flowering process. Initial …