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Summary Of Rhizobium Experiments, J G. Howieson

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

The main emphasis for rhizobial work in 1984 was on the acid tolerance of medic Rhizobium. The experimental programme in the field was greatly expanded to include testing of some 160 isolates collected from Sardinia in May 1984. Broadacre sowings of acid tolerant strain WSM 419 were undertaken as a preliminary step to its commercial release in 1985. Glasshouse work in 1984 was dedicated to a more intensive investigation of the factors contributing to the enhanced nodulating ability of M. polymorpha and M. murex on acid soils. As well, a simple technique for identifying acid tolerant strains of rhizobia in …

Gradual Phyletic Evolution At The Generic Level In Early Eocene Omomyid Primates, Kenneth D. Rose, Thomas M. Bown

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Analysis of dental morphology in over 600 stratigraphically controlled specimens of tarsier-like primates from early Eocene strata in Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, provides important new data for understanding the tempo and mode of evolution in primates.

Igneous Dikes At Long Valley, Ca: Emplacement Mechanisms And Associated Geologic Structures, David D. Pollard, Jonathan H. Fink, Paul T. Delaney

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Two hypotheses for dike emplacement are: (1) magma flows into and dilates pre-existing fractures; or (2) magma flows into and dilates self-generated fractures. In the first case dikes should be parallel to an element of the rock fabric; in the second, they should be perpendicular to the least compressive stress. The two hypotheses suggest different dike intrusion and fissure eruption mechanisms and therefore different strategies for monitoring igneous events at Long Valley. We derive a method to distinguish the two mechanisms, a priori, from in-situ stress measurements and estimates of magma pressure. Estimates of relative dilation and slip across a …

The Marine Biogeochemistry Of Selenium: A Re-Evaluation, Gregory A. Cutter, Kenneth W. Bruland

OES Faculty Publications

Vertical and horizontal profiles from the North and South Pacific Oceans demonstrate the existence of three species of dissolved selenium: selenite, selenate, and organic selenide (operationally defined). In surface waters, organic selenide makes up about 80% of the total dissolved selenium, selenite concentrations are uniformly low, and selenate concentrations rise with increased vertical mixing. The organic selenide maximum (thought to consist of seleno-amino acids in peptides) coincides with the maxima of primary productivity, pigments, bioluminescence, and dissolved free amino acids. Deep ocean waters are enriched in selenite and selenate, while organic selenide is nondetectable. In suboxic waters of the tropical …

Trace-Elements In Ilmenite - A Way To Discriminate Provenance Or Age In Coastal Sands, Dennis A. Darby

OES Faculty Publications

Trace elements and Ti percentage in ilmenite grains magnetically separated from modern and late Pleistocene coastal sands of southeastern Virginia and northwestern North Carolina were used to distinguish different deposits. Multivariate analysis of ilmenite composition (Ti, Mn, Mg, Cr, V, Ni, and Cu) from coastal deposits and potential source rivers enabled the identification of dominant source rivers. Using the trace element content of one mineral instead of heavy-mineral suites eliminated most of the hydraulic sorting, selective weathering, and intrastratal solution problems that often obscure heavy-mineral provenance determinations. Most ilmenite grains lacked exsolution or twinning, which are common to ilmenite; however, …

Cenozoic Tectonic History Of The Sierra De Perija, Venezuela- Colombia, And Adjacent Basins, James N. Kellogg

Faculty Publications

The four major Cenozoic tectonic phases in the Sierra de Perija and adjacent basins are the early Eocene tectonic phase, the middle Eocene Caribbean orogeny, the late Oligocene phase, and the late Miocene to present Andean orogeny. Ages of unconformities associated with particularly rapid regional uplift during these phases are early Eocene (53 m.y.), middle Eocene (45 m.y.), late Oligocene (25 m.y.), and Pliocene (3 m.y.). Northwest-southeast compression may have commenced in the Perija and the Maracaibo Basin as early as the early Eocene. By the early Eocene the Macoa-Totumo arch had begun to to form during intense alpine-type folding …

Stratigraphy And Depositional Environments Of The Three Forks Formation (Upper Devonian), Williston Basin, North Dakota, Gayle M. Dumonceaux

Theses and Dissertations

The Three Forks Formation (Upper Devonian) is present in the subsurface in the western two-thirds of North Dakota and is generally conformable with the underlying Birdbear Formation and the overlying Bakken Formation.

The Three Forks attains a maximum thickness of 265 feet (81 meters) in the central basin, east and south of the Nesson Anticline, and thins to an erosional edge in eastern North Dakota. The Three Forks is composed of micrite and dolomicrite, which may be fcssiliferous and argillaceous. From the study of core samples and detailed petrographic analysis of thin sections, five lithofacies were recognized and their extent …

Bivalve Associations Of The Cannonball Formation (Paleocene, Danian) Of North Dakota, Rosanne M. Lindholm

Theses and Dissertations

The Cannonball Formation (Paleocene, Danian) is best exposed in southwest-central North Dakota. Here, two major lithotypes, mudstone and sandstone, occur. In this area, the Cannonball can be informally subdivided into four lithologic units: lower (primarily thinly-bedded sandstone and mudstone), lower-middle (sandstone), upper-middle (mudstone), and upper (sandstone). The Cannonball is also exposed in southwestern North Dakota where it occurs as two mudstone tongues (upper and lower).

During July and August, 1982, thirteen Cannonball outcrops were studied. Bivalves, along with other macrofossils, were collected quantitatively in an attempt to determine fossil species dominance. Rock samples were also collected and analyzed for textural …

The Geochemical Evolution Of Saline Groundwater Within A Fresh Water Aquifer South Of Oakes, North Dakota, David L. Williams

Theses and Dissertations

An area of saline/brackish groundwater south of Oakes, North Dakota has been reported by the North Dakota State Water Commission. The concentrated water (over 12,000 mg/L of total dissolved solids) is in direct hydraulic connection with relatively fresh water and shows an abrupt change in concentration and water chemistry between these two end members. The saline/brackish water is beneath a shallow trough or depression which has an approximate area of 6 square miles (15.5 square kilometres). The trough is within the northern part of the Glacial Lake Dakota plain. Sediments in the lake plain, which is an unconfined aquifer, are …

Depositional Environments And History Of The Winnipeg Group (Ordovician), Williston Basin, North Dakota, Stephen C. Thompson

Theses and Dissertations

The Winnipeg Group (Ordovician) in the Williston Basin, North Dakota, contains three formations. They are, in ascending order, the Black Island Formation, herein informally divided into lower and upper members, the Icebox Formation, and the Roughlock Formation. Strata of the Winnipeg Group (maximum thickness 400 ft., 122 m) represent the initial deposits of a Middle Ordovician craton-wide transgression. Throughout most of North Dakota, the Winnipeg is unconformably underlain by the Deadwood Formation (Upper Cambrian-Lower Ordovician) and conformably overlain by the Red River Formation (Upper Ordovician).

The strata of the lower member of the Black Island Formation consist of a red-bed …

Fission Track Dating Of Detrital Zircons From The Scotland Sandstones, Barbados, West Indies, Suzanne Louise Baldwin

Geology Theses and Dissertations

Results of fission track dating of detrital zircons from the Scotland sandstones, Barbados, yield a mixture of ages with several strong groupings from 20-80 Ma, 200-350 Ma, and greater than 500 Ma. Metamict grains were assumed to fall into the greater than 500 Ma population.
The youngest population indicates that the Scotland beds, previously dated by paleontologic methods as Eocene, may actually be as young as late Oligocene. These ages better constrain the timing of deposition for these sediments and support the proposal that the late middle Eocene - early Oligocene Oceanic Fm has overthrust the Scotland beds. This population …

The Tectonic Evolution Of The Eastern Yukon Tanana Upland, Alaska, Grant W. Cushing

Geology Theses and Dissertations

Field, structural, and isotopic studies in the southeastern Eagle Quadrangle reveal a complex Mesozoic history involving major metamorphism, fold development, thrusting, and igneous intrusion. These events may be related to the accretion of a terrane, possibly Stikine, to the North American continental margin.
40Ar/39Ar incremental heating experiments on metamorphic minerals from amphibolite facies rocks reveal Late Triassic to Middle Jurassic plateau ages interpreted as the age of major metamorphism. Large scale northeast trending folds within these rocks formed after the major metamorphism and before the intrusion of an undeformed, unmetamorphosed cross-cutting dike in Middle Jurassic. These folds probably developed in …

The Geology Of Ophiolitic And Adjoining Rocks Of Chagnon Mountain, Southern Quebec, Janet M. Harris

Geology Theses and Dissertations

Chagnon Mountain is located near the southern end of the Baie Verte-Brompton Line in the Eastern Townships of southern Quebec. The lithologic units in the area of study, from west to east and going up structure, are: gabbro, quartz-diorite, diabase, volcanics, the St. Daniel Formation and the Peasley Pond Conglomerate of the Glenbrooke Group. All these rocks have been metamorphosed to the greenschist facies. Contacts between the plutonic rocks are irregular and gradational indicating only one parent magma. Diabase dikes are present in the diabase unit and in the volcanics indicating the dikes acted as feeders to the volcanics. Geochemical …

The Influence Of Oceanic Transform Boundaries On The Generation And Evolution Of Oceanic Lithosphere, David G. Gallo

Geology Theses and Dissertations

The first-order geologic and morphologic relationships at, along and proximal to ridge-transform-ridge plate boundaries are used to construct an empirical and speculative tectonic model. The geometry of a ridge-transform intersection necessitates the juxtaposition of relatively cold, thick lithosphere against the truncated end of an accreting plate boundary. The cold face of lithosphere cools the adjacent wedge of asthenosphere rising beneath the axis of accretion and restricts the amount of partial melting thus attenuating the amount of basaltic melt segregated from the asthenosphere per unit time. The manifestation of this cold edge effect is a thinner oceanic crust. At depth, upper …

Structural Analysis Of Deformed Carboniferous Strata, Mispec Beach, Southern New Brunswick, Lauren Magin Bradley

Geology Theses and Dissertations

Mispec Beach, New Brunswick is a coastal exposure of deformed Carboniferous sedimentary rocks. Late Paleozoic deformation in the region is thought to have occured in a restraining bend in the Cobiquid - Chedabucto fault.
Within this exposure, two main generations of deformation are recognized. The first deformation is associated with slaty cleavage development, pebble elongation, and the formation of quartz veins. The second generation structure is a moderately developed crenulation cleavage. The diversity of structures present at this outcrop allows for a qualitative determination of the principal axes of stress and strain associated with the first generation structures.

Chatham Fault Zone, Old Chatham-East Chatham, New York: Mesostructures And Microstructures: Their Spatial And Age Relationships, Jorge Mora M.

Geology Theses and Dissertations

Detailed studies in rocks of Mettawee (Late Precambrian? to Early Cambrian) and Walloomsac (Middle Ordovician) slates between Old Chatham and East Chatham, New York, have shown that these rocks were intensely deformed during the Taconic orogeny and a later deformation event(?). Two generations of structures are clearly recognized in the area. The first generation (G1) includes tight west-verging folds whose axial plane foliation is the regional foliation slaty cleavage (S1). These structures are considered synchronous with the regional metamorphism of the Taconic orogeny and correlative with those structures belonging to the D2 deformation event proposed by Ratcliffe (1979) and Rowley …

Provenance Study Of The Middle Ordovician Sandstones Of New York And Western Vermont, Stephen A. Tanski

Geology Theses and Dissertations

Medial Ordovician rocks exposed in westernmost New England and eastern New York State include thick sequences of marine sandstones which are part of a belt extending from Newfoundland to Tennessee. A petrographic study was made of 237 samples distributed across the entire outcrop belt (approx. 250 km. north-south along strike and 190 km. east-west across strike).
Two distinct types of sandstone are recognized, the oldest, and most widespread, is a deep water lithic wacke deposited by turbidity currents and found interbedded with shale (flysch). The younger sandstone is found only in the southeastern part of the study area and is …

Some Aspects Of Deformation Fabrics Along The Highland/Lowland Boundary, Northwest Adirondacks, New York State, Peter C. Hall

Geology Theses and Dissertations

The Geology of the Whippoorwill Corners Area, NW Adirondacks, NYS
In the northwestern Adirondack Mountains of New York State lies a 110 km long, 0-5 km wide topographic and lithologic boundary which divides the Adirondack Highlands from the Northwest Lowlands. Structurally this boundary is apparently a highly strained zone of intensely foliated and lineated rocks. Within the zone mineral grains are highly recrystallized and of fine grain size with respect to rocks outside the zone, quartz becomes undulose, and mineral assemblages frequently exhibit retrograde characteristics. Despite the apparent high strain no demonstrable offset may be seen across the zone. Furthermore, …

Correlation Of The Middle Eocene Kellogg Shale Of Northern California, John A. Barron, David Bukry, Richard Z. Poore

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The Kellogg Shale of northern California has traditionally been considered to be late Eocene in age on the basis of benthic foraminifer, radiolarian, and diatom correlations. The 30-m-thick Kellogg section exposed west of Byron, California, however, contains middle Eocene planktonic foraminifers (Zone P12), coccoliths (Subzones CP13c and CP14a), silicoflagellates (Dictyocha hexacantha Zone), and diatoms. Quantitative studies of the silicoflagellates and diatoms show a general cooling trend through the section which is consistent with paleoclimatic trends for this part of the middle Eocene (ca. 42-45 Ma) from elsewhere in the world. Seven new silicoflagellate taxa (Corbisema angularis. C, exilis, …

1984 County Gravity Survey, Complete Gravity Listings, Raymond R. Burchett

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Annual Installation Of Irrigation Wells In Nebraska Through 1983, Conservation Survey Division

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Annual Departures From Average Annual Precipitation In Nebraska, 1850-1983, Conservation Survey Division

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Annual Departures From Average Annual Precipitation In Nebraska, 1850-1983, Conservation And Survey Division

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Inventory Of Irrigation Water Use In Box Butte County, Nebraska 1981, D. R. Lawton, L. L. Leahon

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Archean Metamorphism In Northwestern Ontario And Southeastern Manitoba, Kevin R. Henke

Theses and Dissertations

Four areas are considered in this study. In Ontario, north-south traverses were made along Highway 599 between Savant Lake and Central Patricia, along the Vermilion River road (40 kilometers northeast of Sioux Lookout) and along Highway 105 between Vermilion Bay and Ear Falls (Fig. 3). The fourth area is centered at Bird River, northeast of Lac du Bonnet, Manitoba. The study areas are located in the Uchi, English River and Wabigoon Subprovinces.

The traverse along Highway 599 between Savant Lake and Central Patricia crosses the three subprovinces (Fig. 3). Pelites in the eastern Lake St. Joseph area (Uchi Sub province) …

Tertiary Alkalic Igneous Activity, Potassic Fenitization, Carbonatitic Magmatism, And Hydrothermal Activity In The Central And Southeastern Bear Lodge Mountains, Crook County, Wyoming, Gordon A. Jenner

Theses and Dissertations

The Bear Lodge Mountains are located in Crook County in north eastern Wyoming. The core of the uplift consists of alkalic igneous rocks that range from Early to Late Eocene in age. A petrologic and geochemical study of surface and subsurface samples from the southeastern and central portions of the core reveals a complex history of multiple alkalic igneous events, potassic metasomatism, carbonatitic magmatism, and hydrothermal alteration.

An early episode of alkalic igneous activity is represented by latite and trachyte porphyries, phonolite and trachyte porphyries, and natrolite-garnet syenites and malignites. Throughout much of the complex, the composition of these older …

The Soil Phosphorus Store, G S P Ritchie, D. M. Weaver

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The management of the soil phosphorus store, or 'super bank' to minimise phosphorus leaching losses is a vital part of any strategy to reduce algal pollution of the Peel-Harvey estuary.

Phosphorus can exist in the soil in four main 'pools'. it may occur in the soil solution or in one of the three pools that contain phosphorus in solid forms. This phosphorus can be in compounds (fertilisers, dead plant material); adsorbed (attached) to soil particles such as organic matter, clay and iron oxide; or as constituents of micro-organisms.

Alternative Pasture Species For Deep Sands, D A. Nicholas

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Although the climate of the swan coastal plain between Perth and Bunbury is suitable for growing a range of pasture species, some soil types greatly limit this range.

Pasture species commonly grown in the South-West, such as subteranean clover and annual ryegrass, can only be grown successfully on the better soils of the coastal plain - the loams, yellow sands and Joel sands. On the freely drained, deep, infertile Gavin sands such species rarely persist because of the soil's poor water holding capacity, and its water repellency and its poor ability to retain nutrients.

Soil Testing For Acidity, I R. Wilson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

One of the most important aspects of the soil acidity research programme is the accurate analysis of soil and plant materials.

A soil acidity problem cannot be simply diagnosed with one test. Although the soil pH test is used for the initial evaluation of soil acidity, it does not measure the other factors which affect plant growth as a result of this acidity.

For example, plant growth on a coastal soil with pH 4.3 (in water) may not be affected by applying lime, but growth may improve markedly on a central wheatbelt soil of pH 4,8 (in water).

Another two …

The Effects On Plant Growth, W M. Porter, J. S. Yeates

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The level of acidity of a soil reflects its chemical and sometimes its biological condition. Changes in acidity mean changes in the availability to plants of some soil elements, and modifications to the biological processes in the soil.

Some elements become more available to plants in acis soils, and in some soils particular elements can reach toxic levels. Other elements can be effected in the opposite way: deficiencies can develop in acid conditions.

It is important to realise, however, that the chemical nature of all soils varies. Beccause of these variations, acidity can affect each soil differently and thus influence …