Digital Commons Network^™

Annual Departures From Average Annual Precipitation In Nebraska, 1876-1995/ Annual Installation Of Irrigation Wells (1937-1995), Conservation Survey Division

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Regional Hydrogeologic Summaries From Domestic Water-Well Quality In Nebraska -- North Central Tablelands, D. C. Gosselin, J. Headrick, X- H. Chen, S. E. Summerside

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Regional Analysis Of Rural Domestic Well-Water Quality -- East Central Dissected Plains, D. C. Gosselin, X- H. Chen, S. E. Summerside

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Infiltration Of Fecal Bacteria Through Soils: Timing And Tillage Effects, Mark S. Coyne, C. S. Stoddard, John H. Grove, William O. Thom

Soil Science News and Views

Land-applying animal wastes potentially exposes humans and animals to fecal pathogens, either by direct contact with soil and produce, or via ground water contamination. Some of these organisms are Salmonella, certain pathogenic Escherichia coli strains, protozoa such as Cryptosporidium and Giardia, and enteric viruses. Whether soil adequately filters these pathogens before they reach ground water depends on the interaction of porosity, texture, depth, water content, rainfall intensity and duration, and soil management.

Hydrogeology, Hydrogeochemistry, And Spoil Settlement At A Large Mine-Spoil Area In Eastern Kentucky: Star Fire Tract, David R. Wunsch, James S. Dinger, Page B. Taylor, Daniel I. Carey, C. Douglas R. Graham

Report of Investigations--KGS

An applied research program at the Star Fire surface mine in eastern Kentucky, owned and operated by Cypress-AMAX Coal Co., defined spoil characteristics to develop and monitor water resources, which will help identify a reliable water supply for future property development. Water stored in the mine spoil may provide a usable ground-water supply, and the spoil could also be engineered to provide base flow to surfacewater reservoirs.

Ground-water recharge enters the spoil by way of sinking streams, ground-water flow from bedrock in contact with the mine spoil, and a specially designed infiltration basin. Ground water discharges predominantly from springs and …

The Implications Of Turbidite-Driven Redox Changes In Sediments Of The Iberia Abyssal Plain, Timothy J. Shaw, P. A. Meyers

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Organic Matter Accumulation, Sulfate Reduction, And Methanogenesis In Pliocene–Pleistocene Turbidites On The Iberia Abyssal Plain, P. A. Meyers, Timothy J. Shaw

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Seismogeological Features Of The Crust In Romania, V Mocanu, C Dinu, F Radulescu, M Diaconescu, Camelia C. Diaconescu, A Pompilian

Faculty Publications

The Romanian area consists of old consolidated units of pre-Alpine age (the Moesian, Moldavian and Scythian platforms) and Alpine orogenic units (the Carpathian arc and North-Dobrudjan orogen). General seismogeological peculiarities of the pre-Alpine tectonic units are presented, as well as some structural characteristics of the Transylvanian Basin and the Pannonian Depression. Both shallow and deep seismic reflection/refraction data as well as log information and some potential field data were used for the investigation of the crustal structure. The varibility in the seismogeological pattern and crustal thickness shown by the different tectonic units is due to the differences in structure and …

Geologic Map Of The Logan Quadrangle, Cache County, Utah, James P. Evans, James P. Mccalpin, David C. Holmes

Geosciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Regional Hydrogeologic Summaries From Domestic Well-Water Quality In Rural Nebraska -- Southwestern Tablelands, D. C. Gosselin, J. Headrick, X- H. Chen, S. E. Summerside

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Non-Linear Bromide Adsorption On Apparent Macrodispersivity, Eron J. Dodak

Theses and Dissertations

Macrodispersivity estimates are crucial in predicting the subsurface transport of contaminants. These predictions have become increasingly important as the number of contaminated sites continues to increase. In addition, the longevity of many contaminants can affect water quality over extended periods of time.

Anionic tracers such as bromide and chloride are commonly used as groundwater tracers in dispersivity experiments because they are inexpensive, easily detected, and are commonly believed to behave conservatively. It has been found, however, that anionic tracers do not always behave conservatively; sediments with a net positive surface charge can adsorb some-of the tracer.

A weakly non-linear, experimentally …

Hydrogeological Characterization Of The Akzo Salt Company, Williston Facility, Williston, North Dakota, Jane K. Geiger

Theses and Dissertations

Operations at the Akzo Salt Company near Williston, ND, have resulted in saline contamination of the surface and subsurface in the general vicinity of the company property and possibly the surrounding area. The company site lies on the floodplain of Stony Creek and waste salt is buried just north of the plant. The salt dump poses surface and groundwater hazards. A recent flood on the plant site in August of 1993 resulted in groundwater corning into contact with buried salt. Groundwater quality and water level elevation data collected by the North Dakota Health Department, the North Dakota Geological Survey and …

Hydrogeology And Recharge Of The Split Rock Creek Aquifer, Southeastern South Dakota, Stan F. Pence

Theses and Dissertations

The rapid growth of the city of Sioux Falls, South Dakota, has created a great demand for additional sources of ground water. Due to limited information on the buried, confined Split Rock Creek aquifer near Sioux Falls, a detailed hydrogeologic assessment of the aquifer was conducted to determine the mechanism of recharge to the aquifer.

A four-fold plan was earned out to gather the necessary data. . This plan involved determining the general hydrostratigraphy of the study area by reviewing available data and by drilling test holes where data were limited, collecting water-level data over an extended period, collecting water …

Observations On Bats At Badlands National Park, South Dakota, Michael A. Bogan, Jeffrey G. Osborne, Jennifer A. Clarke

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

During the summers of 1992 and 1993, we conducted a survey of bats at Badlands National Park, South Dakota. Using mist nets, we captured bats and recorded species, sex, age class, and reproductive condition for each individual netted. We recorded five species, Myotis ciliolabrnm (n = 198), M. thysanodes (29), M volans (13), Eptesicus foscus (91), and Plecotus tawnsendii (43), previously known from the park. In addition, we added four species, M lucifugus (18), M. septentrionalis (9), Lasionycteris noctivagans (1), and Lasiurns cinereus (3) to the confirmed fauna of the park. Most bats captured were male (76.3%) although maternity colonies …

Origin Of Bermuda's Clay-Rich Quaternary Paleosols And Their Paleoclimatic Significance, Stanley R. Herwitz, Daniel R. Muhs, Joseph M. Prospero, Shannon Mahan, Bruce Vaughn

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Saharan dust deposition on Bermuda during successive Quaternary glacial periods is consistent with patterns of general circulation models, which indicate that during glacial maxima the northeast summer trade winds were stronger than at present and reached latitudes higher than 30°N despite lower-than-present sea surface temperatures in the North Atlantic.

The Middle And Upper Ordovician Bioclastic Carbonate ("Trenton") Play In The Appalachian Basin, Brandon C. Nuttall

Information Circular--KGS

The bioclastic carbonate play in the Appalachian Basin (referred to by drillers as the "Trenton") includes both gas and oil produced from Middle and Upper Ordovician stratigraphic and combination traps in linear reservoirs often mistaken for reefs. While production from this play is currently reported from nine fields in south-central and eastern Kentucky and five fields in New York, potential reservoir rocks are present throughout most of the Appalachian Basin from New York to Tennessee. Along the western flank of the Appalachian Basin, in the Blue Grass Region of central Kentucky, Middle and Upper Ordovician strata crop out. In the …

Cambrian Hydrocarbon Potential Indicated In Kentucky's Rome Trough, David C. Harris, James A. Drahovzal

Information Circular--KGS

A recent gas discovery in the Rome Trough has resulted in a new phase of deep exploration in eastern Kentucky. This activity is located in Elliott County, near the northern boundary fault of the Cambrian Rome Trough graben. The Carson Associates No. 1 Kazee well was drilled in 1994, and blew out with a reported uncontrolled flow of 11 million cubic feet of gas per day. Although completed at a much lower rate, this well renewed interest in the deep gas potential of the Rome Trough, which has seen sporadic drilling activity since the 1940's. Gas production in the Rome …

A New Genus And Species Of Troglobitic Trechinae (Coleoptera, Carabidae) From Southern China, Augusto Vigna Taglianti

International Journal of Speleology

Guizhaphaenops zorzini n.gen.n.sp. is described from Anjia Yan Cave, Shuicheng County, Guizhou (China). This highly specialized troglobite species is easily recognizable from the other cave dwelling Trechini from China for the main morphological external characters, but its true relationships remain uncertain, the male being still unknown. Similar in habitus to Cathaiaphaenops and to Sinotroglodytes, the new taxon is much more related to the latter, being dorsally glabrous and having the mentum fused with the submentum, with a deep oval fovea, but it differs in its elongated head, with incomplete frontal furrows and without posterior frontal setae.

Geographical Variation In The Tropical Cave Cockroach Paratemnopteryx Stonei Roth (Blattellidae) In North Queensland, Australia, David Paul Slaney, Philip Weinstein

International Journal of Speleology

Observations of cave dwelling organisms in both tropical and temperate caves often reveal morphological modifications, which may reflect various stages of adaptation to cave life. From April 1994 to June 1995 a number of adult Paratemnopteryx stonei were collected from 7 caves in tropical North Queensland to investigate the degree of geographical variation in such troglomorphies between cave populations. Results of morphometric analyses showed the occurrence of a morphological discontinuity between cave populations from the different geographic regions. The body dimensions particularly important in discriminating between each cave population were tegmen length (both sexes), and secondly, tegmen width and tarsus …

A Recent Colonization Of Dolichopoda Cave Crickets In The Poscola Cave (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae), Camilla Bernardini, Claudio Di Russo, Mauro Rampini, Donatella Cersaroni, Valerio Sbordoni

International Journal of Speleology

We report a series of investigations carried out on a Dolichopoda population recently discovered in the Poscola cave and in some small caves nearby (Lessini Mountains, Vicenza). This population is located north of Po river, outside the present known geographic range of this genus in Italy. Morphology of the epiphallus corroborated by chromosome and allozyme analysis indicated that this population belongs to D. laetitiae. Study of the genetic structure of population in the Poscola area revealed high gene flow levels between Poscola and the other minor caves, suggesting the occurrence of a single expanding population. This finding as well …

First Record Of Parastenocarididae (Crustacea, Copepoda, Harpacticoida) From Subterranean Freshwater Of Insular Greece And Description Of Two New Species, Vezio Cottarelli, Maria Cristina Bruno

International Journal of Speleology

The genus Parastenocaris, new for Greece, has been discovered in the hyporheic habitat of Kos and Kythira Island with two new species, that are described and discussed in this work. Parastenocaris aesculapii n. sp. shares some characters with P. nolli from Germany and P. italica from Italy, Macedonia and Turkey. Parastenocaris aphroditis n. sp. belongs, according to the Authors, to a group of species living exclusively in estuarine interstitial habitats, which are all characterised by peculiar morphology and ecology, that are as well considered and interpreted.

Lithobius Nuragicus N.Sp., A New Lithobius From A Sardinian Cave (Chilopoda, Lithobiomorpha), Marzio Zapparoli

International Journal of Speleology

A new species of Lithobius from a Sardinian cave (Cagliari, Santadi, loc. Su Benatzu, Grotta “Pirosu”, 576 Sa/Ca, m 270) is described. Lithobius nuragicus n. sp. belongs to the subgenus Lithobius s. str. and is related to Lithobius variegatus Leach, 1814, occurring in the British Isles, Brittany, Channel Isles, Iberian Peninsula, Maghreb, Sicily and Southern Italy. This new species is differentiated from L. variegatus by the number of prosternal teeth (3+3), the number and arrangement of ocelli (1+3; little, depigmented, not contiguous to each other, in the center of a depigmented area, posterosuperior ocellus larger than the other ocelli), the …

Sulphate Rocks As An Arena For Karst Development, Alexander Klimchouk, Vjacheslav Andrejchuk

International Journal of Speleology

The rocks in which karst systems develop are most commonly composed of carbonate sulphate and chloride minerals. The sulphate minerals are quite numerous, but only gypsum and anhydrite form extensive masses in sedimentary sequences. Other minerals, which represent sulphates of K, Mg and Na, normally occur as minor beds (0.1-5.0 m), or as inclusions associated with chloride rocks. However some minerals precipitated in salt-generating basins, such as mirabilite and glauberite (typically formed in the Kara-Bogaz-Gol Gulf, salt lakes of Siberia and in China), form sequences up to 5-10 m thick where karst may develop. Due to the very high solubility …

The Dissolution And Conversion Of Gypsum And Anhydrite, Alexander Klimchouk

International Journal of Speleology

The development of karst is a complex system driven by the dissolution of a host rock and the subsequent removal of dissolved matter by moving water. It is the process that, at various stages, initiates or triggers associated processes including erosion, collapse and subsidence. The dissolution of sulphate rocks proceeds by different mechanisms and at different rates to those associated with the dissolution of carbonate rocks. For each rock type different factors influence the process. This chapter is an attempt to summarise the present knowledge of the dissolution chemistry and kinetics of gypsum and anhydrite. These are important for the …

Speleogenesis In Gysum, Alexander Klimchouk

International Journal of Speleology

Satisfactory explanation of the origin and development of caves (speleogenesis) is a core problem of karst studies. Karst evolves as a circulation system, organised and interconnected through a conduit structure. Such a system may include superficial inputs and outputs, expressed as or related to karst landforms. However, there may be no such components if the system is represented entirely by conduits as in the case with deep-seated intrastratal karst. The main differences between speleogenesis in gypsum and in carbonate rocks lie in the chemistry and kinetics of their dissolution, in some of the lithological or structural peculiarities of the respective …

Hydrogeology Of Gypsum Formations, Alexander Klimchouk

International Journal of Speleology

Detailed explanation of hydrogeological characteristics of gypsum aquifers is given in various situations: deep-seated karst-confined conditions, subjacent, entrenched and denuded karst types-semi-confined, phreatic and vadose conditions. The hydrogeological evolution of barren exposed gypsum karst and flow velocities in gypsum karst aquifers is also discussed.

Speleothems And Cave Minerals In Gypsum Caves, Paolo Forti

International Journal of Speleology

For many years gypsum karst was considered to contain little of interest from the point of view of chemical deposits. Relatively recently a general study of speleothems has begun within gypsum karst areas in different climatic zones around the world. So far this ongoing research has shown that gypsum karst can be very interesting in terms of its contained chemical deposits. In this chapter, all that is currently known about speleothems in gypsum caves is reported systematically, and the distinctive climatic control over them is emphasised.

Geomorphological Aspects Of Gypsum Karst Areas With Special Emphasis On Exposed Karst, Ugo Sauro

International Journal of Speleology

Medium- to large-size forms in gypsum karst are described, including dolines, blind valleys, ploje-like depressions, collapses and positive and/or residual forms such as outliers, cone-like hills, dome-like hills, mesa-like tabular blocks and plateaux and breccia pipe hills. The similarities and/or difference between gypsum and carbonate forms are discussed.

Weathering Crust And Karren On Exposed Gypsum Surfaces, Tommaso Macaluso, Ugo Sauro

International Journal of Speleology

The evolution of gypsum bare rock surfaces is the result both of volume changes of the outer rock layer and mass wasting by dissolutional processes. Some unusual weathering processes induce an increase in the volume of the outer gypsum layer, resulting in the development of a “weathering crust” and of characteristic forms such as small ridges and bubbles. However, the more typical erosional forms are dissolutional ones of karren type, which are commonly interconnected, or superimposed upon the previously described forms. In this chapter a classification system is proposed and discussed, within which the magnitude, order and geometry of the …

Breakdown Development In Cover Beds, And Landscape Features Induced By Intrastratal Gypsum Karst, Alexander Klimchouk, Vjacheslav Andrejchuk

International Journal of Speleology

Intrastratal karst is by far the predominant gypsum karst type. Its development may begin in deep-seated settings within rocks already buried by younger strata, and it proceeds increasingly rapidly as uplift brings gypsum sequences into progressively shallower positions. Such development commonly occurs under confined (artesian) hydrogeological conditions, that subsequently change to open conditions (phreatic-water table-vadose). The general evolutionary line of intrastratal karst is typified by progressive emergence of a sequence into a shallower position, activation of groundwater circulation and development of cave systems within karst units, commencement of gravitational breakdown and its upward propagation through overlying beds, and development of …