Digital Commons Network^™

A Paleoenvironmental Study Of A Middle Wisconsinan Biota Site, Russell County, Virginia, Thomas C. Wynn

OES Theses and Dissertations

The study area lies in a first-order valley on the northwestern slope of Clinch Mountain that drains into Moccasin Creek. The deposit is 50 m long, 25 m wide and approximately 10 m thick and overlies the Ordovician Moccasin Formation. Preserved within the deposit are mammoth and mastodon bones, logs, and plant macrofossils. Radiocarbon analyses indicate the age of the organic-rich sediments ranges from 29, I 00 BP to >44,000 BP, a time period with no fossil remains reported in this region of the Appalachians. Analyses of field observations, textural data, organic carbon content, and plant macrofossils indicate the organic-rich …

Comparison Of Ice-Shelf Creep Flow Simulations With Ice-Front Motion Of Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica, Detected By Sar Interferometry, Christina L. Hulbe, Eric Rignot, D. R. Macayeal

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Comparison between numerical model ice-shelf flow simulations and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferograms is used to study ice-flow dynamics at the Hemmen Ice Rise (HIR) and Lassiter Coast (LC) corners of the iceberg-calving front of the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica. The interferograms are constructed from SAR images provided by the European Space Agency's remote-sensing satellites (ERS-lj2). Narrow bands of large shear strain rate are observed along the boundaries between fastflowing ice-shelf ice and no-flow boundaries. Large rifts, opened where the ice shelf separates from the coast, appear to be filled with a melange of sea ice, ice-shelf fragments, and snow. …

A Generic Multi-Electrode Automated/Semi-Automated Field Resistivity System, Douglas D. Werkema

Masters Theses

Geophysical field exploration using electrical resistivity typically employs the use of four electrodes which are progressively relocated to positions that differ from a few meters to hundreds of meters. Consequently, field operations are tiresome and often lead to imprecise locations of electrodes and poor data quality. This project develops an automated field resistivity system.

This automation of resistivity measurements is accomplished by using multiple sets of field electrodes, a programmable switch box, remotely controlling the acquisition instrument and digitally storing the results. Controlling the process is the Acquisition Control^©software, for Windows 95^© .The prototype switch box has …

Vertical Resistivity Electrode Arrays For Detecting Hydrocarbon Movement And Content In Sands, Kirt Elliott

Masters Theses

In many contamination sites where hydrocarbon is involved an accurate thickness of the contaminant can not be achieved through the most commonly used methods. The purpose of this study is to find an alternate method of determining a precise thickness and monitor the contaminant movement in conjunction with the current methods. Vertical resistivity electrode arrays were tested in a lab environment on singular probes and between probes. The arrays tested were the Wenner, dipole dipole, gradient, parallel and down-hole 3-arrays. Electrode pipes were constructed and placed into a sand tank where the hydrocarbon thickness and the water level could be …

Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 1997, Wayne E. Sabbe

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

No abstract provided.

Groundwater Trends In The Agricultural Area Of Western Australia, R A. Nulsen

Resource management technical reports

In 1994 it was estimated that salinity affected more than 1.8 million ha of agricultural land in Western Australia (Ferdowsian et al. 1996). This area was predicted to expand to over three million ha by about 2020 and, if nothing is done to stem the expansion, to eventually affect some six million ha, or 30% of the agricultural land in the state. Damaging levels of salt accumulation in the root zone of both native and introduced plants can generally only occur when the groundwater levels are relatively cl te the variability of responses. Several depict episodic recharge (recharge as a …

How To Reduce Drought Risk, Cody Knutson, Mike Hayes, Tom Phillips

National Drought Mitigation Center: Faculty Publications

This guide describes a practical step-by-step process for identifying actions that can be taken to reduce potential drought-related impacts before a drought occurs. Step 1 begins with making sure that the right people are brought together and supplied with adequate data to make informed and equitable decisions during the process. Steps 2 and 3 narrow the focus of the study by identifying high priority drought-related impacts that are relevant to the user’s location or activity. Step 4 demonstrates that in order to reduce the potential for the identified impacts to occur in the future, it is necessary to understand the …

The Neoproterozoic Keraf Suture In Ne Sudan: Sinistral Transpression Along The Eastern Margin Of West Gondwana, Mohamed G. Abdel Salam, Robert James Stern, Peter Copeland, Elfadil M. Elfaki, Bushra Elhur, Fathelrahman M. Ibrahim

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Keraf Suture, formed during the Neoproterozoic consolidation of Gondwana, is a ~500 km long, ~50 km wide, N-trending suture between the Neoproterozoic Arabian-Nubian Shield in the east and the older Nile Craton to the west. The Keraf Suture is superimposed on E- and NE-trending structures on both sides. The northern part of the suture is dominated by N-trending, upright folds, whereas the southern part is characterized by N- and NNW-trending, sinistral, strike-slip faults. A major antiform defines a structural divide between the northern and southern parts of the suture. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages on biotite and hornblendes separated …

Precambrian Moho Offset And Tectonic Stability Of The East European Platform From The Urseis Deep Seismic Profile, Camelia C. Diaconescu, James H. Knapp, Larry D. Brown, David N. Steer, Manfred Stiller

Faculty Publications

Deep seismic reflection data from the 1995 Urals Seismic Experiment and Integrated Studies (URSEIS) transect of the Southern Urals document a distinct ∼5 km vertical offset of the Moho beneath the Uralian foreland, here named the Makarovo fault zone. This offset does not disrupt the overlying Riphean sedimentary section, nor does it correlate with any major surface lineaments or known Phanerozoic subduction features. It is thus interpreted to be an Archean or Early Proterozoic fault zone (possibly a terrane boundary) that disrupts an even older Moho. Most important is the implication that this structure and the Moho it offsets were …

Major Faults And The Development Of Dryland Salinity In The Western Wheatbelt Of Western Australia, C J. Clarke, Richard J. George, R W. Bell, Richard J. Hobbs

Natural Resources Research Articles

Dryland salinity poses a major threat to agricultural production in the wheatbelt of Western Australia and much time and effort is expended on understanding the mechanisms which cause it and on developing techniques to halt or reverse its development. Whilst the location of much dryland salinity can be explained by its topographic position, a significant proportion of it cannot. This study investigated the hypothesis that major faults in the Yilgarn Craton represented in aeromagnetic data by intense curvilinear lows explained the location of areas of dryland salinity not explained by topography. Moreover, the causal mechanisms that might underpin a spatial …

Hydrology Of Two Interdunal Valleys In The Nebraska Sand Hills, Steve Drda

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Two neighboring interdunal valleys are compared within a study area of about 15 square miles in the Nebraska Sand Hills. One is a subirrigated wet meadow drained by a manmade ditch. The other is topographically lower, but dry at the surface. The goal of this study is to identify the factors responsible for the hydrologic regime present in each valley, and to discern the reasons for the differences between the two valleys. Water levels in 39 piezometers positioned at different locations across both valleys, and at different depths were monitored for two-and-a-half years to determine groundwater flow paths, gradients, and …

Environmental Management For Animal-Based Industries : Dairy Farm Effluent, Western Australia Agriculture Western Australia Bunbury Regional Office., Dairy Industry Nutrient Strategy Working Group (W.A.)

Bulletins 4000 -

The effluent which collects around dairies and their associated feeding facilities should be regarded as a resource to be retained and used on the farm, rather than a waste product for disposal.

These guidelines aim to assist dairy farmers plan effluent management systems which are practical, as well as easy to install and manage, while also being acceptable to the agencies and authorities given the responsibility of protecting the environment. .

Morphology, Eruption Rates, And Rheology Of Lava Domes: Insights From Laboratory Models, Jonathan H. Fink, Ross W. Griffiths

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

The growth of lava domes can be either quiescent or violent, with transitions between styles of behavior commonly occurring with little warning. Here we propose that the behavior depends on the eruption rate, the magma rheology, and the thickness ofthe cooling surface. We present a model, based on laboratory simulations, field measurements, and photographic analysis, that relates the morphology and texture of a dome to the thickness of its cooled carapace, and thence to eruption conditions. A sequence of four main types of dome (spiny, lobate, platy, and axisymmetric) is identified in laboratory analog experiments with a Bingham plastic. These …

Precision Agriculture: A Field Study Of Soil Test Variability And Its Effect On Accuracy Of Fertilizer Recommendations, Kenneth L. Wells, James E. Dollarhide

Soil Science News and Views

Use of precision agriculture techniques in Kentucky during the past several years has generated interest in how to soil sample a field for use in programming computer-driven, on-the-go, variable rate fertilizer spreaders (VRS). The advantage achieved by VRS is related directly to variability of soil test (ST) values within a specific field and the accuracy of how they represent the field. Since variability of ST values commonly exists on a small scale, a very intensive sampling procedure (grids of one acre or less in size) would be required to accurately describe the nature and extent of such variability within a …

A Two Year Evaluation Of Nitrate-N And Triazine Herbicides In Groundwater And Surface Water Of An Intensively Row Cropped Agricultural Watershed In Western Kentucky, Larry Reber, John Potts

Soil Science News and Views

The quality of water in Kentucky's agricultural watersheds has received considerable attention in recent years. The main concerns in corn production areas usually center on water content of nitrate-N from commercial fertilizer and triazines from herbicide applications. Although N can be found naturally in Kentucky soils, it cannot supply all the N that corn needs to produce optimum yields. Therefore, fertilizer N is added to ensure ample nutrition. Triazines, on the other hand, do not occur naturally in the soil but are applied to the soil to effectively control weeds. Most commonly, these herbicides are applied at the time of …

Use Of Animal Wastes On Cropland, Monroe Rasnake, M. Scott Smith

Soil Science News and Views

In recent months, environmental issues relating to land application of animal and industrial wastes have been widely debated in Kentucky. On several occasions, members of the University of Kentucky Agronomy Department have been asked to provide scientific information and technical interpretation related to these complex and controversial issues. To be certain that the public and policy makers are provided with consistent and scientifically sound information, the Agronomy Department has decided to release consensus statements on some of the major agronomic issues involved. These statements reflect our best scientifically based interpretations of these important subjects. Several of our faculty with long …

Western Australia Soil Acidity Research And Development Update 1998 : Time To Lime, Department Of Agriculture And Food, Western Australia

Bulletins 4000 -

Recent yield responses by canola where lime has been applied to acidic soils are very encouraging. Two sites have shown that the yield increase in canola after lime was applied in the previous year would have easily paid for the total cost of purchase, transport and application of the lime.

This work was carried out to demonstrate the increased options that are likely to be available once producers are treating or managing soil acidity. Canola is becoming increasingly important as a cash value crop and a break crop allowing wider rotations.

Growers are pushing the limits of canola’s tolerance to …

Narrow Hybrid Zone Between Two Subspecies Of Big Sagebrush (Artemisia Tridentata: Aeteraceae). V. Soil Properties, Han Wang, David W. Byrd, Jeffrey L. Howard, E. Durant Mcarthur, John H. Graham, D. Carl Freeman

Environmental Science and Geology Faculty Research Publications

We studied soils of the big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) hybrid zone at two locations in Utah. The elemental composition, depth, and pH of soil in the basin and mountain big sagebrush habitats differed significantly from each other and from the hybrid zone soil. The hybrid zone soil is not just a simple blend of the two parental habitat soils. Rather, it possesses novel characteristics found in neither parental habitat and is more variable than the parental habitat soils. Correspondence analyses show that the sites occupied by each parental taxon are chemically distinct. Moreover, the principal axes from the two study …

Hydrogen And Oxygen Isotope Fractionation Between Brucite And Aqueous Nacl Solutions From 250 To 450°C, Peter Saccocia, J. S. Seewald, W. C. Shanks Iii

Geological Sciences Faculty Publications

Hydrogen and oxygen isotope fractionation factors between brucite and aqueous NaCl solutions (1000lnα_br-sw) have been calibrated by experiment from 250 to 450°C at 0.5 Kb. For D/H fractionation, 1000lnα _br-sw values are as follows: −32 ± 6‰ (250°C, 3.2 wt% NaCl), −21 ± 2‰ (350°C, 10.0 wt% NaCl), and −22 ± 2‰ (450°C, 3.2 wt% NaCl), indicating that brucite is depleted in D relative to coexisting aqueous NaCl solutions. These results are in good agreement with previous D/H fractionation factors determined in the brucite-water system, indicating that any effects of dissolved salt on D/H fractionation are relatively small, …

Calcareous Nannofossil Paleogene Biostratigraphy Côte D'Ivoire-Ghana Marginal Ridge, Eastern Equatorial Atlantic, Samir Shafik, David K. Watkins, Im Chul Shin

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

Paleogene sections on the Côte d’Ivoire-Ghana Marginal Ridge in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, sampled at three sites during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 159, are shown to have calcareous nannofossil assemblages in distinct packages of (sub)zones separated by hiatuses or barren sediments. The packages are different at each of the sites; all fall within the interval from late Paleocene Zone CP6 to latest Oligocene Subzone CN1a inclusive. Three packages (CP9b–CP11, CP13, and CP19) on the crest of the Marginal Ridge at Site 960, four (CP7–CP9b, CP11, CP13–?CP15, and CP17–CN1a) at nearby Site 959 on the shoulder of the Marginal Ridge, and …

Amphicyonidae, Robert Hunt

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

The Amphicyonidae occur in North America from late Eocene (~40 Ma) to early late Miocene (~9 Ma), a span of 31 million years. In the North American land mammal biochronology, this diverse family extends from the Duchesnean to the end of the Clarendonian and is especially well represented in the Miocene (~5-24 Ma). In the Old World, amphicyonids survive no longer than in North America: The last European records are Vallesian (Dinotheriensande, Mainz Basin, Germany, Kuss, 1965, Tobien, 1980; Vallés-Penédes Basin, Spain, Crusafont-Pairó and Kurten, 1976), and the last representative may occur at about 9 Ma at Kohfidisch, Austria (latest …

Dissociation Constants Of Oxalic Acid In Aqueous Sodium Chloride And Sodium Trifluoromethanesulfonate Media To 175 °C, Richard Kettler, David J. Wesolowski, Donald A. Palmer

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

The first and second molal dissociation constants of oxalic acid were measured potentiometrically in a concentration cell fitted with hydrogen electrodes. Measurements were made at six temperatures ranging from 5 °C to 125 °C at four ionic strengths ranging from 0.1 mol•kg^-1 to 1.0 mol•kg^-1 (NaCl and NaCF₃-SO₃). The second molal dissociation constant was measured in NaCF₃SO₃ media only. The data obtained in this study were combined with the corresponding literature values, including a number of recalculated Harned cell and concentration cell measurements and previous results from this laboratory. Data for …

The Petrography Of The Buck Creek Dunite Body, Clay County, Nc: Implications About Its Origin And Emplacement, Trista L. Thornberry

Honors Papers

The Buck Creek dunite body, which is part of the Chunky Gal mafic and ultramafic complex, is well exposed on Corundum Knob in Clay County, North Carolina. These ultramafic rocks are surrounded here by mafic schists and gneisses. Gradational geochemical / mineralogical contacts between the mafic and ultramafic rocks of the this complex imply the same protolith for both rock types. They may have originated as distinct parts of an ophiolitic suite beneath a mid-ocean spreading ridge. The metamorphic history of these ophiolitic rocks suggest further that they were subdued to depths of -18km before being emplaced along fault zones …

The Physical And Hydrological Characteristics Of A South Coast Sandplain Site : East Howick Site Survey, Robert Anthony Sudmeyer

Resource management technical reports

This Technical Report documents the physical and hydrological characteristics of a farmland site on the Esperance Sandplain. The site was located on 'Belalie Farm East' 110 km east of the town of Esperance in the locality of Howick (AMG 488900, 6277500) The site was typical of the sandplain landsystem which covers 35% (0.72 million ha) of the Esperance Agricultural Region. The farm was cleared over a number of years beginning in the 1970's and an extensive network of windbreaks established.

Results Of Investigations Into The Groundwater Response And Productivity Of High Water Use Agricultural Systems 1990-1997 3 Hunts' Catchment (Frankland), A D. Smith, Richard J. George Dr, P R. Scott, D L. Bennett, R J. Rippon, G J. Orr

Resource management technical reports

High water use vegetation systems for salinity control were trialed on an 80 ha catchment located 12 km east of Frankland, Western Australia. The catchment receives about 510 mm annual rainfall and 1525 mm annual evaporation. Development of salinity in the catchment is concentrated in the valley floor. Here the groundwater is extremely saline (3000-4000 mS/m) and piezometric levels are between 1 m below and 1 m above the surface.

Inventory Of Sub-Catchments Within The Wilson Inlet Catchment, B Radys

Resource management technical reports

The release of the "Salinity Action Plan for Western Australia' in December 996 highlighted the need for catchment scale planning and coordinated actions to reverse salinity trends.

A separate report has been produced for each major catchment area. Each report contains and inventory of all sub-catchments. with information on area, degradation risks and group activities with each catchment.

Total Coal Thickness Of The Lower Elkhorn Coal In Eastern Kentucky, Ernest E. Thacker, Gerald A. Weisenfluh, William M. Andrews Jr.

Map and Chart--KGS

This map is one of a series that shows the regional characteristics of the Lower Elkhorn coal. The maps were prepared as part of the U.S. Geological Surveys National Coal Assessment Program, which compiles regional maps and databases that provide a comprehensive assessment of the most important coal beds in the nation. The Lower Elkhorn coal is one of the leading producers in the state of Kentucky and has, in some areas, a reputation as an excellent metallurgical-grade coal. It is known locally as the Pond Creek, Imboden, Path Fork, Blue Gem, Straight Creek, Bruin, or Vires coal bed. This …

Selected Hydrologic Data For The Central Virgin River Basin Area, Washington And Iron Counties, Utah 1915-97, United States Geological Survey

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

Hydrologic data were collected in Washington and Iron Counties, Utah, from 1995 to 1997 to better understand the hydrologic system. Data from earlier years also are presented. Data collected from wells include well-completion data, water-level measurements, and physical properties of the water. Data collected from springs and surface-water sites include discharge and physical properties of the water. Selected water samples collected from ground- and surface-water sites were analyzed for isotopes, chlorofluorocarbons and dissolved gases.

Post-Stocking Dispersal Habitat Use, And Behavioral Acclimation Of Juvenile Razorback Suckers (Xyrauchen Texanus) In Two Colorado River Reservoirs, United States Geological Survey

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

Information pertaining to post-stocking dispersal and habitat use of endangered razorback sucker (Xyrauchen Texanus) is primarily limited to the adult life stage. Radio or sonic transmitters are normally surgically implanted in the fish's abdominal cavity.

Flood Insurance Study, Town Of Elsinore, Utah, Sevier County, Federal Emergency Management Agency

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

This Flood Insurance Study investigates the existence and severity of flood hazards in the Town of Elsinore, Sevier County, Utah, and aids in the administration of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 and the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973. This study has developed flood-risk data for various areas of the community that will be used to establish actuarial flood insurance rates and to assist the community in its efforts to promote sound floodplain management. Minimum floodplain management requirements for participation in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) are set forth in the Code of Federal Regulations 44 CFR, …