Digital Commons Network^™

The Long-Term Viability Of A Zero-Valent Iron Permeable Reactive Barrier, Stuart Cowburn

Dissertations and Theses

Zero-valent iron permeable reactive barriers (PRB's) hold significant potential as a tool for groundwater remediation. Uncertainties remain, however, as to the effective lifetime of Fe⁰ barrier technology under full-scale operational conditions. Potential limits on barrier lifetime include reductions in permeability due to clogging by precipitates and oxidation of all Fe⁰ prior to the exhaustion of the contaminant source.

A 46 m long, 0.6 m wide, and 7.3 m deep Fe⁰ PRB was installed at the US Coast Guard Support Center, Elizabeth City, NC, in June 1996. The barrier was designed to remediate groundwater principally contaminated with Cr(VI) …

Borate Deposits Of Turkey And Argentina; A Summary And Geological Comparison, Cahi̇t Helvaci, Ricardo R. Alonso

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

No abstract provided.

Geochemistry And Significance Of Mafic Dyke Swarms In The Pozantı-Karsantı Ophiolite (Southern Turkey), Osman Parlak

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Pozantı-Karsantı ophiolite, which is one of a number of the Late Cretaceous oceanic lithospheric remnants in southern Turkey, is situated in the eastern Tauride belt and consists of three distinct thrust sheets: an ophiolitic melange, a metamorphic sole, and an ophiolitic stratigraphic sequence. These units (except the ophiolitic melange) are intruded by isolated microgabbro-diabase dykes at all structural levels. The dykes from the lower crustal rocks (cumulates) are subalkaline in character and chemically similar to island arc tholeiitic basalts and basaltic andesites. They are enriched in some LIL elements (Rb, Ba, K and Sr) and depleted in HFS elements …

Late Devonian Conodont Fauna Of The Gümüşali Formation, The Eastern Taurides, Turke, Şenol Çapkinoğlu, İsmet Gedi̇k

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Late Devonian Gümüşali formation of the eastern Taurides is a terrigenous-carbonate rock sequence about 600 m thick, consisting mainly of quartz sandstone, quartz siltstone, shale, and carbonate rocks. Palaeontologic and sedimentologic data mainly indicate a shallow subtidal depositional environment. This sequence generally represents the shallow-water polygnathid-icriodid biofacies, and contains conodont faunas that range from the Upper falsiovalis Zone into the Upper praesulcata Zone. However, they do not correlate well to the Late Devonian standard conodont zonation because of the lack of zonally diagnostic species and the irregular vertical distributions of the present taxa. Herein, 54 taxa belonging to nine …

Late Devonian (Famennian) Conodonts From Denizliköyü, Gebze, Kocaeli, Northwestern Turkey, Şenol Çapkinoğlu

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Late Devonian (Famennian) conodont faunas have been described from two incomplete stratigraphic sections (GD and GB) of the Ayineburnu member of the Tuzla formation, Denizliköyü, Gebze, Kocaeli, northwestern Turkey. The section GD comprises the Lower and Middle expansa Zones, and the section GB contains the Middle and Upper expansa Zones. Zonal indices for the Middle expansa Zone are identified in the section GB, whereas this zone is recognized on the basis of other key taxa in the section GD. Also, a new species of the Genus Branmehla, Branmehla gediki n.sp. is described from the section GD.

Disarticulation And Dissolution Of Crab Remains Across A Depth Gradient In The Bahamas: A Taphonomic Study, Rebecca A. Lincoln

Honors Papers

The fields of Paleontology and Paleoecology would not be complete without taphonomy, the study of the processes affecting organisms between death and fossilization. Taphonomy is important because it allows us to make more complete conjectures about prehistoric organisms and environments, and makes us aware of possible holes and biases in the fossil record due to highly destructive processes or the loss of delicate, non-resistant organisms. Studies on the processes affecting modern organisms have contributed greatly to the understanding of ancient processes; however, most of these studies are nearshore and short-term. What is lacking is information on the effects of these …

Bad-Boy Bryozoan Biomarkers: Cheilostome Distribution Patterns Along A Bahamian Depth Gradient, Christopher J. Nytch

Honors Papers

In 1993 and 1994, the Shelf and Slope Experimental Taphonomy Initiative (SSETI) deployed thirty-five samples of sea urchins along the continental shelf/slope of the Bahamas in an effort to explore the paleoecology and taphonomic potentials of shallow water carbonate environments. Samples were retrieved at 1-, 2-, and 6-year intervals for examination and comparison of epibiont accumulation. Tests and spines of the sea urchin Eucidaris were examined for encrusting cheilostome Bryozoa. Specimens were identified to the genus level. Assessment of abundance and distribution patterns with water depth shows that cheilostomes are prevalent in photic waters, and lacking at depth. Burial of …

Hypothetical Origins Of Paleozoic Fossils From The Gulf Coastal Plain Of Arkansas, Karen Arbuckle

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

A fauna of reworked Paleozoic fossils has been found in chert pebbles from the Gulf Coastal Plain in eastern Columbia County, Arkansas, although the nearest mapped exposure of Mississippian and Pennsylvanian rocks are fifty-five miles northward in the southern edge of the Ouachita Mountains. The surficial rocks at the collection site have been referred to the Claiborne Group of Eocene age by the authors of the geological map of Arkansas. Additional outcrops containing similar Paleozoic fossils have been found within a 15-mile radius. The fauna includes both lacy and twig-like bryozoans, articulate brachiopods, tabulate and rugose corals, stalked echinoderms, gastropods, …

Large Pleistocene Box Turtle From Southwest Arkansas, Leo Carson Davis, John G. Scoggins, J. Alan Holman

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Bulletin 4446 - Ord Land And Water Management Plan 2000, Agriculture Western Australia, Community Of Kununurra

Bulletins 4000 -

The wise use of the land and water of the Ord has become an imperative driven by increasing awareness of the impacts of current uses on ground water and the on the quality of the Ord River itself.

We have been lucky as a community that these resources are still in reasonable order and that we have the time to address the resource management challenges associated with our use of them. There is a wide range of land and water management issues to be addressed and all those involved have responsibilities to address some of those issues.

Dalyup Catchment 2000, Esperance Catchment Support Team

Natural resources published reports

This 'State of the Dalyup Catchment' document is a snapshot of the condition of the Catchment in the year 2000. It records the current level of knowledge of the natural resources in the Catchment and discusses some of the management issues and options. This document is a benchmark and through ongoing monitoring, trends in the condition of the Catchment can be identified.

Its primary purpose is as a tool for resource planning such as a surface water management plan, river action plan or revegetation plan. It can also be used in the preparation of funding applications.

The Unsung Heroes Of Speleology, Aldemaro Romero Jr., Kathryn Benz

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Precision Farming Protocols. Part 2. Comparison Of Sampling Approaches For Precision Phosphorus Management, David E. Clay, Jiyul Chang, C. Gregg Carlson, Doug Malo, Sharon A. Clay, Mike Ellsbury

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

Research is needed to compare the different techniques for developing site‐specific phosphorus (P) recommendations on a field‐wide basis. The objective of this study was to determine the impact different techniques for developing site‐specific P recommendation maps on yield and profitability. Enterprise analysis combined with a crop simulation model and detailed field characterization was used to estimate the value of spatial P information in a system where N was not limiting. The systems evaluated were continuous corn (Zea mays) and corn and soybean (Gfycine max) rotations where sampling and fertilizer applications were applied annually and semi‐annually, respectively. The sampling techniques tested …

Detecting The Cause Of Acidification At A Seasonal Wetland On The Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia, Through Laboratory And Field Mesocosm Experiments, Kelli O'Neill

Theses : Honours

Acidification (pH< 4.5) was detected at Lake Jandabup, a shallow, seasonal wetland on the Swan Coastal Plain. Western Australia. Concern has been raised because populations of invertebrate species have declined or disappeared since acidification, potentially compromising the status of the lake as a nature reserve. The Jake bed is underlain with pyrite (feS₂), which oxidises when dry producing sulfates, hydrogen ions and ferrous iron. Being seasonal, Lake Jandabup would be expected to be naturally acidic, but the more recent trend has been a prolonged (> 1 year) and extreme acidification (pH < 4.0). This study endeavoured to explain why the Jake may have undergone an acidic change, why it may have recovered and whether it will happen again. It was hypothesised that the acidification may have been caused by prolonged drying of the lake causing excessive oxidation of pyrite which produced more acid than the wetland could neutralise through buffering. The hypothesis was tested through laboratory and field experiments. The laboratory experiment involved taking intact sediment cores from around the lake, drying them for various lengths of time, and measuring pH, sulfate, total iron, total alkalinity and total aridity upon rehydration. Dried sediment from diatomaceous earth under Fe(OH)₃ precipitate gave the lowest pH of less than 4.0. High sulfates, low alkalinity and low pH were interrelated. While drying in its own right produced low pH, generally there was no significant difference between drying times for release of selected variables. The field experiment involved the establishment of small in situ mesocosms to test for the effects …

Identification Of Wetland Plant Hydrotypes On The Swan Coastal Plain Western Australia, Robyn Loomes

Theses : Honours

The hydrology of 19 Swan Coastal Plain wetlands was described in relation to its influence on the composition and stn1cturc of wetland vegetation. Sixty species were identified as ‘wetland’ plants. The water depth ranges, or hydrological envelopes, of these species were determined and species grouped together based on the water regimes they experienced. Descriptions of wetland hydrology suggested that the surface and groundwater levels of the majority of study wetlands had declined in both the short (3-5 years) and long-term (20-50 years). Wetlands belonging to the Bibra Suite did not follow this trend as surface water levels either increased or …

The Use Of Stable Isotopic Signatures Of Marine Biota To Map Sewage Effluent Disposed Into The Marine Environment, Adam Gartner

Theses : Honours

Recent work indicates that nitrogen stable isotopic signatures of aquatic biota can be used to link nutrient inputs in the marine environment to terrestrial sources. While this technique of tracing nutrients has been shown to be effective in environments that are not nutrient limited, it has not been proved that this method is effective in oligotrophic environments. This study examined whether nitrogen stable isotopic signatures of marine biota can be used to trace the distribution of sewage effluent in highly mixed, nitrogen limited waters, by examining the δ¹⁵N values of marine biota situated close to and distant from …

Variability, Petrography And Provenance Of Basement Clasts In Core From Crp-2/2a, Victoria Land Basin, Antarctica, F Talarico, S Sandroni, Christopher R. Fielding, C Atkins

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

Distribution patterns, petrography, whole-rock and mineral chemistry, and shape and fabric data are described for the most representative basement lithologies occurring as clasts (granule to boulder grain-size class) from the 625 m deep CRP-2/2A drillcore. A major change in the distribution pattern of the clast types occurs at c. 310 mbsf, with granitoid-dominated clasts above and mainly dolerite clasts below; moreover, compositional and modal data suggest a further division into seven main detrital assemblages or petrofacies. In spite of this variability, most granitoid pebbles consist of either pink or grey biotite±hornblende monzogranites. Other less common and ubiquitous lithologies include …

Chronostratigraphy Of Crp-2/2a, Victoria Land Basin, Antarctica, G S. Wilson, S. M. Bohaty, Christopher R. Fielding, F Florindo, M J. Hannah, David M. Harwood, W C. Mcintosh, T R. Naish, A. P. Roberts, L Sagnotti, R P. Scherer, C P. Strong, K L. Verosub, G Villa, David K. Watkins, P N. Webb, K J. Woolfe

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

The 624.15 m glaciomarine sedimentary succession recovered in the CRP-2/2A drillcore comprises lower Oligocene (< c. 31 Ma) to lower Miocene (18.5 Ma) strata that are overlain by a thin succession of Pliocene and Pleistocene strata. The age model for the CRP-2/2A drillhole, as presented in this paper, is based on combined microfossil biostratigraphy, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages on volcanic material, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr analyses on mollusc shells, and correlation of a magnetic polarity zonation to the magnetic polarity time scale (MPTS). Between 25.92 and 109.05 metres below sea floor (mbsf), several alternative correlations to the MPTS are possible, all of which suggest that sediment accumulation rates averaged ~180 m/m.y. between unconformities, although actual sedimentation rates may have been higher. Between 109.05 and 306.65 mbsf, the age model is straightforward and average sedimentation rates were much higher …

Glacial Deposits, Vol. 28, 1999-2000, Department Of Geography-Geology

Glacial Deposits

Newsletter of the Department of Geography-Geology

Development, Management And Economy Of Show Caves, Arrigo A. Cigna, Ezio Burri

International Journal of Speleology

The problems concerning the development of show caves are here considered by taking into account different aspects of the problem. A procedure to carry out an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has been established in the last decade and it is now currently applied. Such an assessment starts with a pre-operational phase to obtain sufficient information on the undisturbed status of a cave to be developed into a show cave. Successively a programme for its development is established with the scope to optimise the intervention on the cave at the condition that its basic environmental parameters are not irreversibly modified. The …

The Influence Of Cave Tourism On Co2 And Temperature In Baiyun Cave, Hebei, China, Linhua Song, Wei Xiaoning, Liang Fuyuan

International Journal of Speleology

Baiyun Cave in Hebei Province is one of the main show caves in North China. The speleothem landscape is wonderful, but strongly weathered. In order to set up the relationship between visitor flow and CO₂ content and temperature, these parameters were measured at observation sites No. 1 and No. 2 in the tourist peak period of May Day Holiday from May 1 to May 7, 2000. and general tourist season August and October, 2000. The results show that visitor flow strongly affects the fluctuations of cave CO₂ content and temperature, that the cave topography and dimensions affect the …

Révision De Quelques Hypothèses Sur Le Creusement Karstique, Jacques Choppy

International Journal of Speleology

Quite often, as we know better karst phenomena and the evolution of the karst environment, several hypotheses on speleogenesis appeared to be flimsy. Some of these hypotheses, concerning processes playing a part in the creation of karst forms, exceed the limits of their field. Others suggest hydraulic mechanisms, and interventions of geological or geographical factors likely to be questioned. Hypotheses relating to the evolution of karst, as well as the classification of karst types, suffer from the lack of an analytical approach. However, some of these hypotheses still have an important place in the current vision of speleologists and karstologists.

New Rare Cave Minerals From The Perolas-Santana Karst System (São Paulo State, Brazil), Paolo Forti, Ermanno Galli, Antonio Rossi

International Journal of Speleology

The Perolas-Santana karst system (São Paulo State, Brazil) has been partially studied from the mineralogical point of view. The present paper will contribute to the knowledge of the minerals in these caves, describing the occurrence of euhedral celestite crystals and of a rather rare mineral for a cavern environment: lithiophorite. Thanks to these new discoveries the Perolas-Santana karst system becomes one of the most important in Brazil from a mineralogical point of view. Finally, the result of the chemical analyses carried out on this newly discovered Monoxyhydroxide put in evidence a zonation in the distribution of the different elements which …

Verification Of The Causes Of Glaciations And Sea Level Changes Using The Records Of Calcite Speleothems, Y. Shopov, D. Stoykova, L. Tsankov, M. Sanabria, J. Lundberg, L. Georgiev, P. Forti, D. Georgieva

International Journal of Speleology

The luminescence of calcite speleothems displays an exponential dependence on soil temperature unless there is a dense cover of forest over the cave to dampen it. This relationship is determined primarily by the strength of solar visible and infrared radiation. It is suggested that, as a consequence, the microzonal variations of luminescence often found in speleothems can be used as a proxy index of Solar Insolation. The luminescence solar insolation proxy record of a speleothem from Jewel Cave, South Dakota, USA, was found to display millenial and centennial cycles in the record. It exhibits a rapid increase in solar insolation …

Is It Always Dark In Caves?, Giovanni Badino

International Journal of Speleology

Underground natural sources of visible light are considered. The main light producer is Cerenkov radiation emitted in air, water and rock by cosmic ray muons, that depends, in a complex way, on shape of mountain and of caves. In general the illumination increases linearly with the cavity dimensions. Other light sources are from secondary processes generated by radioactive decays in rock from minerals luminescence. The natural light fluxes in caves are in general easy to detect but are not used from underground life.

Tributaries To West Antarctic Ice Streams: Characteristics Deduced From Numerical Modelling Of Ice Flow, Christina L. Hulbe, Ian R. Joughin, David L. Morse, R. A. Bindschadler

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

A network of relatively fast-flowing tributaries in the catchment basins of the West Antarctic ice streams transport ice from the inland reservoir to the heads of the ice streams. Branches of the network follow valleys in basal topography, but not all valleys contain tributaries. We investigate the circumstances favoring tributary flow upstream of Ice Streams D and E, using a combination of observation and numerical modelling. No consistent pattern emerges. The transition from tributary to ice-stream flow occurs smoothly along the main tributary feeding into the onset of Ice Stream D, with ice thickness being relatively more important upstream, and …

The Link Between Climate Warming And Break-Up Of Ice Shelves In The Antarctic Peninsula, Ted A. Scambos, Christina L. Hulbe, Mark A. Fahnestock, Jennifer Bohlander

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

A review of in situ and remote-sensing data covering the ice shelves of the Antarctic Peninsula provides a series of characteristics closely associated with rapid shelf retreat: deeply embayed ice fronts; calving of myriad small elongate bergs in punctuated events; increasing flow speed; and the presence of melt ponds on the ice-shelf surface in the vicinity of the break-ups. As climate has warmed in the Antarctic Peninsula region, melt-season duration and the extent of ponding have increased. Most break-up events have occurred during longer melt seasons, suggesting that meltwater itself, not just warming, is responsible. Regions that show melting without …

Spatial And Temporal Patterns Of Fluvial Suspended Sediment Yield From Eastern North America, Catherine Treena Conrad

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

A knowledge of spatial and temporal patterns of sediment yields and an understanding of the factors that determine those patterns have theoretical, environmental and socio-economic significance. To assess the change in sediment yields (in both space and time) a data base of 193 river gauging sites spanning the eastern provinces of Canada and eastern United States was compiled. The original source of the data was the United States Geological Survey data base (obtained from a Hydrosphere Data Inc. cd-rom) and Environment Canada (HYDAT) data base, which included stream discharge, sediment loads and basin areas, with record lengths of one year …

Metric System Vs. Inch-Pound Units

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Characterization Of Hyporheic Zone Processes Of A Northern Prairie Stream, David B. Rush

Theses and Dissertations

A hyporheic zone occurs beneath and adjacent to streams where surface water and groundwater mix. This zone is known to be a reservoir for solutes and a habitat for interstitial organisms. Hyporheic zone boundaries in the Tongue River, North Dakota, were investigated through examination of the physicochemical and biological gradients present in the stream channel and bank sediments. The effects of cattle grazing at the streamside interface of the riparian zone were also examined at two locations to determine land use impacts on the hyporheic zone.

Electrical conductivity (EC) and ammonium gradients were observed beneath the stream channel via nests …