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Upper Spokane River Model: Model Calibration, 1991 And 2000, Chris Berger, Robert Leslie Annear, Scott A. Wells

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The Washington Department of Ecology is interested in a water quality model for the Upper Spokane River system for use in developing Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). The goals of this modeling effort are to:

• Gather data to construct a computer simulation model of the Spokane River system including Long Lake Reservoir and the pools behind Nine Mile dam, Upper Falls dam and Upriver dam. • Ensure that the model accurately represents the system hydrodynamics and water quality (flow, temperature, dissolved oxygen and nutrient dynamics)

This report evaluates the model calibration and discusses issues relative to that calibration effort. …

Validation Of The Ce-Qual-W2 Version 3 River Basin Hydrodynamic And Water Quality Model, Scott A. Wells

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

CE-QUAL-W2 Version 3, a 2-D (longitudinal-vertical) hydrodynamic and water quality model for river basins combining both river and stratified river-estuary and lakereservoir flow, is a development product of the Waterways Experiment Station in Vicksburg, MS, USA. With the development and release of any revised or reformulated model codes, significant model validation is required. This includes comparison of model results to simple analytical solutions for hydrodynamics and water quality transport, as well as comparison to laboratory and field data. In this paper, the model is compared to numerous analytical solutions for mass transport (1-D advective mass transport) and hydrodynamics (impulsive wind …

Review Of Soil Conservation Legislation : Carnarvon Horticultural Area, Jean-Pierre Clement

Agriculture reports

Lower Gascoyne Management Strategy The Carnarvon horticultural area has suffered considerable erosion damage following flooding of the Gascoyne River. Factors contributing to the erosion include a move to greater vegetable production, the carrying out of unauthorised earthworks and general confusion about the laws that apply to land management and erosion control. With this context, the purpose of this report is: • to clarify the laws applying to erosion control in the Carnarvon horticultural area; • to identify the public authorities with management responsibility for erosion control; and • to suggest a model by which erosion controls and management responsibilities can …

A High Resolution Gravity Survey Of The Lake St. Martin Impact Structure, Manitoba, Canada, Christina Davids

Theses and Dissertations

There are roughly 160 known impact craters listed in the Cratering Database (Earth Impact Database, 2002) of these approximately 20% are buried structures. Geophysical methods of investigation are used to study buried impact structures and add to the growing knowledge base of crater properties. Approximately three to five craters are discovered each year, some of which may be identified through gravity anomalies. A high-resolution gravity survey of the Lake St. Martin impact structure, southern Manitoba, Canada, was conducted to further interpret the structure's gravity anomaly. Previous studies have suggested two different crater diameters for Lake St. Martin, one of 23-km …

The Meeting Of Two Microbial Worlds: Geochemistry Of The Sulfate-Methane Interface, Walter S. Borowski, Charles K. Paull, William Ussler Iii

EKU Faculty and Staff Scholarship

No abstract provided.

A New Occurrence Of Archaeoscyphia Pulchra (Bassler) From The Ordovician Of Western Canada, J. Keith Rigby, Godfrey S. Nowlan, Peter A. Rowlands

Faculty Publications

A few specimens of the ornate anthaspidellid demosponge, Archaeoscyphia pulchra (Bassler), have been collected from the Lower Ordovician Outram Formation or Skoki Formation, from a saddle at the head of South Rice Brook in northeastern British Columbia. This is the first report of the flanged-appearing annulate, steeply obconical sponge in western Canada, although it has been reported from the Mingan Islands of Quebec and was initially described from Nevada, in the western United States. The taxon has also been reported as other species of Archaeoscyphia from Ordovician rocks of Missouri and from the San Juan region of Argentina.

Glacial Deposits, Vol. 30, 2001-2002, Department Of Geography-Geology

Glacial Deposits

Newsletter of the Department of Geography-Geology

Karst Breakdown Mechanisms From Observations In The Gypsum Caves Of The Western Ukraine: Implications For Subsidence Hazard Assessment, Alexander Klimchouk, Vjacheslav Andrejchuk

International Journal of Speleology

The term karst breakdown is employed in this paper to denote the totality of processes and phenomena of gravitational and/or hydrodynamic destruction of the ceiling of a karst cavity and of the overlying sediments. It refers not only to the existence of a surface subsidence (collapse) feature but, first of all, to the “internal” (hidden in the subsurface) structures that precede development of a surface form. This study reports and discusses the results of direct mapping and examination of breakdown structures in the gypsum karst of the Western Ukraine, at the level of their origin, i.e. in caves. The accessibility …

The Engineering Classification Of Karst With Respect To The Role And Influence Of Caves, Tony Waltham

International Journal of Speleology

The engineering classification of karst defines various complexities of ground conditions, in terms of the hazards that they provide to potential construction. Karst is divided into five classes (from immature to extreme). The three key parameters within the classification are caves (size and extent), sinkholes (abundance and collapse frequency) and rockhead (profile and relief). As one component of karst, caves are a hazard to foundation integrity, though natural surface collapses over caves are extremely rare. A cave roof is normally stable under engineering loading where the roof thickness is greater than 70% of the cave width. Construction can proceed over …

Cave Breakdown By Vadose Weathering, R. A. L. Osborne

International Journal of Speleology

Vadose weathering is a significant mechanism for initiating breakdown in caves. Vadose weathering of ore bodies, mineral veins, palaeokarst deposits, non-carbonate keystones and impure, altered or fractured bedrock, which is intersected by caves, will frequently result in breakdown. Breakdown is an active, ongoing process. Breakdown occurs throughout the vadose zone, and is not restricted to large diameter passages, or to cave ceilings. The surfaces of disarticulated blocks are commonly coated, rather than having fresh broken faces, and blocks continue to disintegrate after separating from the bedrock. Not only gypsum, but also hydromagnesite and aragonite are responsible for crystal wedging. It …

Mechanisms Of Karst Breakdown Formation In The Gypsum Karst Of The Fore-Ural Region, Russia (From Observations In The Kungurskaja Cave), Vjacheslav Andrejchuk, Alexander Klimchouk

International Journal of Speleology

The fore-Ural is a classical region of intrastratal gypsum karst. The intensive development of karst in the Permian gypsums and anhydrites causes numerous practical problems, the subsidence hazard being the most severe. Mechanisms of karst breakdown formation were studied in detail in the Kunguskaya Cave area. The cave and its setting are characteristic to the region and, being a site of detalied stationary studies for many years, the cave represents a convenient location for various karst and speleological investigations. Breakdown structures related to cavities of the Kungurskaya Cave type develop by two mechanisms: gravitational (sagging and fall-in of the ceilings …

Collapse Dolines And Deflector Faults As Indicators Of Karst Flow Corridors, France Šušteršič

International Journal of Speleology

The paper concerns collapse dolines, which appear to be one of the best-defined surface karst phenomena. Despite this appearance, one may find quite different views in the literature, and some of the aspects of their morphogenesis have been overlooked completely. Among these aspects the most obvious is the question of the ongoing development of the closed depression. Five of the most common collapse doline types found in Slovenia are considered in terms of general systems theory, leading to a conclusion that cave roof collapse remains the crucial event in a collapse doline’s development. However, the collapse event itself may be …

Stability Appraisal Of The Medvedova Konta Pothole, Jože Kortnik

International Journal of Speleology

Until 1956 the underground details of areas around Pokljuka were practically unknown due to the area’s non-karstic outward appearance. However, the presence of karst phenomena on this Alpine plain is undoubtedly indicated, primarily by the absence of a surface drainage network. A mathematical model was made of the Medvedova konta pothole, in which two different sets of material properties were used, corresponding to the Triassic limestone that forms the bedrock under the greater part of Pokljuka. The model simulates the gradual thinning of the ceiling of the underground hall, from the surface downwards, until its collapse. The paper presents a …

Subsidence Hazards In Different Types Of Karst: Evolutionary And Speleogenetic Approach, Alexander Klimchouk

International Journal of Speleology

The typology of karst, based on distinguishing the successive stages of general hydrogeological evolution, between which major boundary conditions and the overall circulation pattern change considerably, gives a natural clue, properly to classify and tie together karst breakdown settings, speleogenetic styles and breakdown development mechanisms. Subsidence hazards vary substantially between the different karst types so that classifying individual karst according to typology can provide an integrated general assessment. This provides a useful basis for selection and realization of region- and site-specific assessment schemes and management strategies. Intrastratal karst types, subjacent karst in particular, are most potent in generating subsidence problems. …

Karstology And The Opening Of Caves During Motorway Construction In The Karst Region Of Slovenia, Martin Knez, Tadej Slabe

International Journal of Speleology

The nature of karst makes constructing a roadway across karst areas a complex task, which is why karstologists take part in motorway construction across Slovenia’s karst. Working with planners, karstologists select the best route on the basis of preliminary research. Then they carry out regular karstological monitoring of the construction, to study newly discovered karst phenomena, mostly caves, and also help builders overcome the challenges of karst in a way that will preserve nature as much as possible. During the recent construction of a section of motorway, more than three hundred caves were encountered within a sixty-kilometre stretch of road. …

Subsidence Hazards As A Consequence Of Dam, Reservoir And Tunnel Construction, Petar Milanovic

International Journal of Speleology

Considering all man-made structures in karst areas, dams, reservoirs and tunnels are the most vulnerable in relation to induced subsidence and caverns. Reservoirs that are located entirely or partially on karstified rocks covered with unconsolidated sediments are especially subsidence-prone. As a consequence of induced subsidence a number of reservoirs in karst areas failed and were never fully filled. Such subsidence formation is very damaging because the development is unpredictable and practically instantaneous. Reservoirs in karst areas may fail to fill despite an extensive site investigation programs and sealing treatment. Every problem is unique and past experiences are never repeated. This …

Collapse Above The World's Largest Potash Mine (Ural, Russia), Vjacheslav Andrejchuk

International Journal of Speleology

This paper reports the results of the study of a huge collapse that occurred in June 1986 within the area of the 3rd Berezniki potash mine (the Verkhnekamsky potash deposit, Ural). Processes that took place between the first appearance of a water inflow through the mine roof and the eventual collapse are reconstructed in detail. The origin and development of a cavity that induced the collapse are revealed. Two factors played a major role in the formation of the collapse: the presence of a tectonic fold/rupture zone with in both the salt sequence and the overburden (the zone of crush …

Karst Subsidence In South-Central Apulia, Southern Italy, Marco Delle Rose, Mario Parise

International Journal of Speleology

Subsidence in the karst of Apulia (Southern Italy), one of the classical karst areas of Italy, is described in this paper. The carbonate rocks that make up the geological structure of the Apulia region are affected by subsidence, which is of different type and intensity depending upon geological, topographical, and hydrogeological conditions. In particular, we discriminate between inland subsidence and coastal subsidence. Inland subsidence is generally restricted to the presence of individual cavities, either empty or partly or totally filled with deposits produced by dissolution of soluble rocks underground. Locally, such subsidence can cause severe effects on anthropogenic structures above. …

Arctic Ice Export Events And Their Potential Impact On Global Climate During The Late Pleistocene, Dennis A. Darby, Jens F. Bischof, Robert F. Spielhagen, Steven A. Marshall, Stephen W. Herman

OES Faculty Publications

Ice sheets in the North American Arctic and, to a lesser extent, those in northern Eurasia calved large quantities of icebergs that drifted through Fram Strait into the Greenland Sea several times during the late Pleistocene. These icebergs deposited Fe oxide grains (45-250 mum) and coarse lithic clasts >250 mum matched to specific circum-Arctic sources. Four massive Arctic iceberg export events are identified from the Laurentide and the Innuitian ice sheets, between 14 and 34 ka (calendar years) in a sediment core from Fram Strait. These relatively short duration (<1-4 kyr) events contain 3-5 times the background levels of Fe oxide grains. They began suddenly, as indicated by a steep rise in the number of grains matched to an ice sheet source, suggesting rapid purges of ice through Fram Strait, due perhaps to collapse of ice sheets. The larger events from the northwestern Laurentide ice sheet are preceded by events from the Innuitian ice sheet. Despite the chronological uncertainties, the Arctic export events appear to occur prior to Heinrich events.

Modeling The Biogeochemical Cycle Of Selenium In The San Francisco Bay, Shannon L. Meseck

OES Theses and Dissertations

Due to recent concerns about selenium toxicity in the San Francisco Bay and the roles of refinery and San Joaquin River inputs on the selenium cycle, the model ECoS 3 (distributed from Plymouth Marine Laboratory, United Kingdom) was modified to simulate the biogeochemical cycle of selenium in the Northern Reach. The model is designed to simulate salinity, total suspended material, phytoplankton concentrations, dissolved selenium and its speciation (selenite, selenate, and organic selenide), and particulate selenium and its speciation (selenite + selenate, elemental selenium, and organic selenide). Actual data from 1999 were used to calibrate the model, while data from other …

Seasonal Migration Of Columbia Spotted Frogs (Rana Luteiventris) Among Complementary Resources In A High Mountain Basin, David S. Pilliod, Charles R. Peterson, Peter I. Ritson

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Information on how animals partition their activities and travel among complementary resources, such as breeding or overwintering habitats, is needed for species conservation. In a mountain basin at 2500 m elevation in central Idaho, we studied the habitat use and movement patterns of 736 marked and 87 radio-tagged Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) from 1995 to 1998. The goals of this study were to (i) identify and characterize R. luteiventris breeding, summer foraging, and overwintering habitats, (ii) describe the movement patterns of juvenile, male, and female R. luteiventris among these resources, and (iii …

The Emplacement Age Of Gabbroic Rocks And Associated Granitoids Of The Liganga-Msanyo Complex, South Eastern Tanzania, M. A. H. Maboko

Tanzania Journal of Science

The Msanyo Gabbro and the associated Mdando granitoids, which intrude Paleoproterozoic high-grade metamorphic rocks of the Ubendian Belt in southern Tanzania, yield imprecise Sm-Nd whole rock isochron ages of 1608±134 Ma (ε (Nd) = 2.1) and 1642±100 Ma (ε (Nd) = 1.6), respectively. These ages are indistinguishable at the 95% confidence level, indicating that the two rock suites were intruded at the same time. A more precise estimate of the time of emplacement is provided by a 5-point mineral isochron age of 1505±42 obtained from one of the gabbro samples. Calculated initial ε (Nd) values and mean crustal residence ages …

Tectonic Setting And Uplift Analysis Of The Pangani Rift Basin In Northern Tanzania Using Apatite Fission Track Thermochronology, E. I. Mbede

Tanzania Journal of Science

Thirty four new Apatite Fission Track (AFT) ages and 32 track length distributions from samples of basement rocks flanking the Pangani rift, East African Rift System (EARS) are presented, in an attempt to elucidate the uplift and erosion of the rift flanks. The ages fall in the range of 207±15 to 48±4 Ma, spanning from Early Jurassic to Early Tertiary. These ages are much younger than the last termal event in the Mozambique belt that form the basement complex and are interpreted to represent the most recent tectonic events. Track length (TL) distributions suggest that uplift and erosion of the …

Bulletin No. 37: Living Resources And Habitats Of The Lower Connecticut River, Glenn D. Dreyer, Marcianna Caplis

Bulletins

No abstract provided.

From Sand To Sandstone: Documenting The Total Change During Diagenesis, Wilfrido Solano-Acosta

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this study is to provide a more comprehensive picture of sandstone diagenesis from a different perspective; starting from an analog sand serving as a precursor of a lithified sandstone.

Potential Runoff Accumulation In Wheatbelt Towns Of Western Australia, Mahtab Ali, Travis Cattlin, Neil Coles, Sharam Sharafi

Resource management technical reports

Describes an analysis of flood runoff volumes from 16 small, gauged catchments in the agricultural areas of south western Australia. It also describes methods for estimating flood runoff volumes from ungauged catchments. The independent variables found to be statistically significant in explaining the variability in flood runoff volumes from the gauged catchments were catchment area, mean annual rainfall and the percentage of the catchment that was cleared. No soil factor was found to be significant.

Geosciences Newsletter - 2001, Department Of Geosciences

Geological and Environmental Sciences News

Vol.1, No. 26

• Faculty News
• Core Lab
• Groundwater Education of Michigan (GEM) Center
• Graduate Student News
• Alumni News
• Advisory Council News
• Donations

Groundwater Study Of The Wongan Hills Townsite, M Deshon

Resource management technical reports

A groundwater study was carried out in the townsite of Wongan Hills, Western Australia. It aimed to accelerate the implementation of effective salinity management options. The study consisted of a drilling investigation, installation of a piezometer network, a pumping test, groundwater flow modelling and a flood risk analysis.

Yarra Yarra Catchment : Rapid Catchment Appraisal Report 2001, M Clarke

Resource management technical reports

Using the Rapid Catchment Appraisal process, this report summarises current information for the Yarra Yarra Catchment, Northern Agricultural Region in Western Australia. The Rapid Catchment Appraisal (RCA) process is one of the processes included in the strategy to tackle salinity and its management in Western Australia. The RCA process provides a 'snap shot' of information on the risk and impact to agricultural production and natural resources within regional geographic catchments.

Groundwater Study Of The Woodanilling Townsite, Ben Whitfield

Resource management technical reports

A groundwater study was carried out in the townsite of Woodanilling, Western Australia. It aimed to accelerate the implementation of effective salinity management options. The study consisted of a drilling investigation, installation of a piezometer network, groundwater flow modelling and a flood risk analysis.