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Potential Habitat Distribution For The Freshwater Diatom Didymosphenia Geminate In The Continental Us, Sunil Kumar, Sarah A. Spaulding, Thomas J. Stohlgren, Karl A. Hermann, Travis S. Schmidt, Loren L. Bahls

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The diatom Didymosphenia geminate is a single-celled alga found in lakes, streams, and rivers. Nuisance blooms of D. geminate affect the diversity, abundance, and productivity of other aquatic organisms. Because D. geminate can be transported by humans on waders and other gear, accurate spatial prediction of habitat suitability is urgently needed for early detection and rapid response, as well as for evaluation of monitoring and control programs. We compared four modeling methods to predict D geminata’s habitat distribution; two methods use presence-absence data (logistic regression and classification and regression tree [CART]), and two involve presence data (maximum entropy model [Maxent] …

Effects Of Groundwater Development On Uranium: Central Valley, California, Usa, Bryant C. Jurgens, Miranda S. Fram, Kenneth Belitz, Karen R. Burow, Matthew K. Landon

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Uranium (U) concentrations in groundwater in several parts of the eastern San Joaquin Valley, California, have exceeded federal and state drinking water standards during the last 20 years. The San Joaquin Valley is located within the Central Valley of California and is one of the most productive agricultural areas in the world. Increased irrigation and pumping associated with agricultural and urban development during the last 100 years have changed the chemistry and magnitude of groundwater recharge, and increased the rate of downward groundwater movement. Strong correlations between U and bicarbonate suggest that U is leached from shallow sediments by high …

Influences Of Channel Dredging On Flow And Sedimentation Patterns At Microtidal Inlets, West-Central Florida, Usa, Tanya M. Beck, Ping Wang

Geology Faculty Publications

Four inlets (Johns Pass and Blind Pass; and New Pass and Big Sarasota Pass) in two multi-inlet systems along the West-central Florida coast were studied. Johns Pass, New Pass, and Blind Pass are dredged every 4-9 years, whereas Big Sarasota Pass has never been dredged. The goal of this study was to investigate the morphodynamics of the four inlets and the influences of channel dredging on the flow patterns over the ebb tidal delta and sediment bypassing. Time-series aerial photographs and bathymetric maps starting from the 1920s were analyzed to assess the pathways of sand bypassing and morphodynamics at the …

Resistivity And Conductivity Studies Of The Rattlesnake Springs, New Mexico Watershed, Claudia Santiago

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Rattlesnake Springs are a high-discharge artesian springs situated in the upper Black River Valley in southwestern Eddy Country, New Mexico. The aquifer that supplies the Rat- tlesnake Springs has been the main water source for domestic use by visitors of Carlsbad Caverns National Park and residents of neighboring ranches since the 1930s. Several ge- ological studies relying on surface geology and limited water wells had previously been conducted in the area to examine the trend of ground water flow. In this study I used con- ductivity and resistivity geophysical techniques to identify possible locations of fractures in the subsurface of …

Analysis Of Shallow Seismicity And Stress Fields In Southeastern Alaska, Hugo Rodriguez

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Southeastern Alaska is dominated by strike-slip motion along the Queen Charlotte-southern Fairweather fault system (QCFS) in the south and transitions to oblique convergent motion partitioned between strike-slip motion along the Denali and northern Fairweather fault systems and thrusting along faults of the St. Elias region. Geologic complications are further increased by the subduction of the Yakutat microplate beneath North America and glacial processes. By studying regional background seismicity we intend to better determine the current state of stress of southeastern Alaska from the Dixon Entrance to Yakutat Bay. Phase data was gathered for over 4000 earthquakes of depths <20 km and magnitude <5 that occurred from 1973-2005 from Alaskan and Canadian databases. We relocated these earthquakes using the Double-Difference joint hypocenter method. Two areas of interest were identified with high concentrations of seismicity after relocation calculations for the entire southeast Alaska region; Glacier Bay through Yakutat (GBY) and the area surrounding Mt. Ogden (MOG). Earthquake locations in GBY are diffuse with some isolated clusters. The MOG subregion is dominated by a large northeast to southwest trending cluster that trends along the Speel River. We used these relocations and first motion data to estimate the stress fields for earthquake clusters that formed. Only a few of the calculated stress tensors were successful in representing the region's overall tectonic signature. We combined the calculated stress information with GPS, magnetic and gravity data in order determine how plate motion is partitioned in this region and to identify other potentially active faults.

A Mountain Of Evidence (Faith & Science Update), John T. Baldwin

Perspective Digest

No abstract provided.

The Mississippian Section At Paddys Bluff, Crittenden County, Kentucky, Ron Counts, F. Brett Denny, James C. Hower, Zakaria Lasemi, Rodney D. Norby, Paul E. Potter, Scott Waninger, David A. Williams

Map and Chart--KGS

Paddys Bluff (Figs. 1-3) is located on the south side of the Illinois Basin on the Cumberland River, 1.7 miles downstream from Dycusburg in Crittenden County, Ky., in Carter coordinate section 23-I-16 and ecoregion 71f of the Western Highland Rim of Kentucky (Woods and others, 2002). This bluff is on a right-descending bend 18 liver miles above its junction with the Ohio River at Smithland, Livingston County. The bluff (Figs. 4A, B) is locally famous as the location for a scene from the classic 1962 film, "How the West Was Won,' a winner of three Academy Awards, starling James Stewart, …

Four Rivers Basin: Cumberland, Tennessee, Ohio, Mississippi, Daniel I. Carey

Map and Chart--KGS

The Four Rivers Basin includes over 4 ,700 square miles in all or parts of 17 counties. The basin contains more than 10,700 miles of streams.

More than 720 miles of streams assessed in the basin by the Kentucky Division of Water do not support designated uses for warm-water aquatic habitat, fish consumption, primary contact recreation, or secondary contact recreation. Not all streams have been assessed. The percentage of assessed streams not supporting uses was: warm-water aquatic habitat (58 percent); fish consumption (14 percent); primary contact recreation (76 percent); secondary contact recreation (30 percent). Nearly 125 miles of streams have …

Upper Cumberland River Basin In Kentucky, Daniel I. Carey

Map and Chart--KGS

The Upper Cumberland River Basin covers over 7,300 square miles, 5,180 in Kentucky and 2,130 in Tennessee. All or parts of 20 Kentucky counties lie in the basin. The basin contains nearly 15,100 miles of streams, 10,430 in Kentucky and 4,640 in Tennessee. From the headwaters of Looney Creek in Harlan County, 4,100 feet above sea level, and the Poor Fork in Letcher County, runoff flows down the Upper Cumberland River west to an elevation of 460 feet at the Kentucky-Tennessee line. The river and its tributaries are a blessing and a bane: They provide for recreation, drinking water, and …

Mapped Karst Groundwater Basins In The Tell City And Part Of The Jasper 30 X 60 Minute Quadrangles, Joseph A. Ray, Jack R. Moody, Robert J. Blair, James C. Currens, Randall L. Paylor

Map and Chart--KGS

No abstract provided.

Green/Tradewater River Basin In Kentucky, Daniel I. Carey

Map and Chart--KGS

The total area of the Green/Tradewater River Basin is 11,500 square miles, including 410 square miles in Tennessee. More than one-fouth of Kentucky lies in the basin, including all or parts of 35 Kentucky counties. The basin contains nearly 23,600 miles of streams, including 1,580 miles in Tennessee. The Green River Basin contains over 9,230 square miles, including 410 square miles in Tennessee.

From an elevation of 1,384 feet on a ridge in Lincoln County, water flows west 385 miles down the Green River to its confluence with the Ohio River east of Henderson at an elevation of 342 feet. …

Licking River Basin, Daniel I. Carey

Map and Chart--KGS

Nearly 9,600 miles of streams flow through the Licking River Basin's 3,700 square miles in 22 counties. From a hill in southern Magoffin County 1,600 feet above sea level, the Licking River runs northwest down to the Ohio River at 448 feet above sea level.

The underlying rocks in the basin are, in general, dominated by shale. This creates a large number of perennial streams in the basin and provides a foundation for ponds and lakes, but also limits the potential for water wells. There are 29,000 acres of wetland in the basin.

Residents draw about 24 million gallons of …

Interpreting Surface-Wave Data For A Site With Shallow Bedrock, Daniel W. Casto, Barbara Luke, Carlos Calderon-Macias, Ronald Kaufmann

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

The inversion of dispersive Rayleigh-wave data has been shown to be successful in providing reliable estimated shear-wave velocities within unconsolidated materials in the near surface. However, in a case where the multi-channel analysis of surface waves method was applied to a site consisting of clay residuum overlying basalt bedrock, inversion for the fundamental-mode Rayleigh wave resulted in shear-wave velocities within the rock that are less than half of expected values. Forward modeling reveals that the fundamental-mode dispersion curve is hardly sensitive to bedrock velocity perturbations over a practical range of wavelengths, leading to poorly constrained solutions. Standard surface-wave methods can …

Observations Of The Transient Characteristics Of The Hydrological Balance, Matthew Czikowsky

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The impact of transient input events on the hydrological balance components are studied over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. First, interception evaporation and energy-balance changes during and following precipitation events are examined at the site spatial and event temporal scale. Second, the hydrological response to spatial and seasonal changes in precipitation and evapotranspiration due to land cover changes are examined on the small-to-large watershed scale, covering the event to seasonal time scales.

Geochemical Fingerprinting Of Volcanic Airfall Deposits : A Tool In Stratigraphic Correlation, Soumava Adhya

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Chemical fingerprints of volcanic airfall deposits obtained from high-precision electron microprobe analysis of glass and phenocrysts phases provide geochemical correlations with temporal precision unattainable by other methods. In this research electron microprobe analysis (EMA) techniques, to fingerprint chemically and correlate fresh and altered volcanic airfall deposits, have been utilized to test the value of this tool for future research on stratigraphic correlation. The following samples were chosen from within a variety of sedimentary rocks widely separated spatially and temporally:

Metal Concentrations In Native Yupik Foodstuffs From St. Lawrence Island, Alaska, Judith Kricheff

Geology Theses and Dissertations

The Yupik people of St. Lawrence Island, Alaska have a traditional subsistence lifestyle with the majority of their diet consisting of local birds, fish, seal, walrus, and whale. Diets based on fish and marine mammals, such as the Yupik diet, are potential pathways for exposure to mercury and other toxic metals. At St. Lawrence Island, metal contaminants may come from local sources such as weathered rock or two abandoned U.S. military bases or remote sources through atmospheric deposition or seasonal migration of animals to the island.
The main goals of this study are to determine the total concentrations of copper …

Mercury Uptake By Aquatic Macrophytes In Urban And Rural Watersheds, Albany County, Ny, Bernd G. Neumann

Geology Theses and Dissertations

Plants growing in metalliferous soils may restrict metal uptake and transport depending on metal concentration, sediment characteristics, and plant species. As native plants are replaced by invasives, different patterns of metal cycling can occur, making continued study of this process important. Sediments and tissues of four aquatic plant species/genera: Phragmites australis (common reed); Iris versicolor (blueflag iris); Typha latifolia (broadleaf cattail); and genera Cyperus sp. (sedge) from three urban and two rural sites in Albany County, NY were analyzed for total mercury (Hg_­T) by cold vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy. Sediments were also measured for organic carbon (OC) by …

The Effect Of Vegetated Roofs On Acid Precipitation Runoff, Jennifer Gillen

Geology Theses and Dissertations

Vegetated, or “green” roofs are used in urban architecture and sustainable building to capture stormwater and enhance urban wildlife. Most research to date has focused on their water retention capabilities, but green roofs also have the potential to treat anthropogenic acid precipitation in urban environments. More specifically, green roofs could reduce sulfate, nitrate and hydrogen ion concentrations in runoff. One previous study has demonstrated that nitrate was reduced in water draining from a green roof (Berndtsson, et al. 2006), but this unpublished thesis appears to be the first comprehensive study of the effects of vegetated roof materials on major ions …

Whole Rock And Mineral Chemistry Of Ultramafic-Mafic Cumulates From The Orhaneli (Bursa) Ophiolite, Nw Anatolia, Ender Sarifakioğlu, Hayretti̇n Özen, John A. Winchester

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Orhaneli ophiolite, situated in the western part of the İzmir-Ankara-Erzincan Suture Zone (İAESZ) and south of Bursa, exposes cumulates belonging to the mantle-crust transition zone. The Orhaneli ophiolite consists mainly of ultramafic cumulates and subordinate mafic cumulates. The basal cumulate sequence comprises dunites locally interlayered with chromitite levels. Above, dunitic cumulates, commonly interbanded with cumulate wehrlites, grade up into two pyroxene peridotites (cumulate lherzolites showing some transition to cumulate harzburgites in places). The observation of cumulate gabbroic thin layers intercalated with ultramafic cumulates at least three times suggests that the magma chamber was periodically replenished by basaltic liquids. Petrographic …

^{207}Pb-^{206}Pb, ^{40}Ar-^{39}Ar And Fission-Track Geothermochronology Quantifying Cooling And Exhumation History Of The Kaman-Kırşehir Region Intrusions, Central Anatolia, Turkey, Durmuş Boztuğ, Özlem Güney, Matt Heizler, Raymond J. Jonckheer, Marion Tichomirowa, Nazmi̇ Otlu

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Kaman-Kırşehir region intrusions were generated in a post-collisional extensional setting following Cenomanian-Turonian docking of an oceanic island arc, comprising the supra-subduction zone (SSZ) Central Anatolian ophiolite (CAO), onto the Tauride-Anatolide Platform (TAP). These granitoids have been named, from N to S, the Çamsarı quartz syenite, Hamit quartz syenite, Bayındır nepheline-cancrinite syenite, Durmuşlu nepheline-nosean-melanite syenite porphyry and Baranadağ quartz monzonite. They intrude the crustal metasediments of the Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex (CACC) and CAO and are unconformably overlain by Upper Paleocene to Lower-Middle Eocene sediments. The single-zircon ^{207}Pb-^{206}Pb evaporation age of the Çamsarı unit is 95.7±5.1 Ma; those of the …

Bedrock Depth Mapping Of The Coast South Of İstanbul: Comparison Of Analytical And Experimental Analyses, Gülüm Bi̇rgören, Oğuz Özel, Bi̇lge Si̇yahi̇

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Local S-wave velocity-depth profiles and bedrock depth distribution are key factors in assessing seismic hazard and earthquake ground motion characteristics since they allow determination of the amplification potential of geological formations overlying bedrock. In this study, an empirical relationship between the thickness of Tertiary-Quaternary sediments (hereafter referred as cover) overlying Palaeozoic bedrock and their resonance frequencies was calculated for the İstanbul region and the bedrock depth distribution beneath the city was presented. The relationship was investigated by comparing transfer functions obtained from single station microtremor analyses and one-dimensional (1D) S-wave velocity profiles at sites where shallow velocity structure is known. …

Cross-Basin Faulting And Extinction Of Pull-Apart Basins In The Sea Of Marmara, Nw Turkey, İsmai̇l Kuşçu

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Although offshore multi-channel seismic reflection and multi-beam bathymetric studies were intensively carried out in the Sea of Marmara especially after the August 17, 1999 İzmit earthquake (Mw 7.4), some basic problems remain unsolved, for example whether the seafloor was cut by a double fault system or just by a single fault. The researchers advocating the double fault system assumed that most of the deformation occurred along the margins of the basins and concluded that the classical model of pull-apart basin formation along releasing bends or stepovers within an east−west-trending dextral strike-slip system prevails. An alternative and completely different proposition proposed …

Crustal Thermal Properties Of The Central Pontides (Northern Turkey) Deduced From Spectral Analysis Of Magnetic Data, Nafi̇z Maden

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Pontides can be divided tectonically into three main sectors: Eastern, Central, and Western Pontides. Each of these represents an amalgamated tectonic mosaic consisting of remnants of oceanic, continental, and island arc segments. The Eastern and the Western Pontides meet in the Central Pontides, where they are structurally mixed and form a tectonic knot. The Central Pontides of northern Turkey is one of the best exposed segments of the southern margin of Eurasia adjacent to the Tethys Ocean. The study area also extends to parts of the Sakarya and Kırşehir continents. Magnetic spectral analysis, which has been used to estimate …

Permian Trilobites From Antalya Province, Turkey, And Enrollment In Late Palaeozoic Trilobites, Rudy Lerosey Aubril, Lucia Angiolini

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Trilobites are a minor component of Permian benthic marine faunas, which explains why they remain poorly known. For example, only two specimens have been found in the highly fossiliferous and extensively studied Middle-Upper Permian Pamucak Formation (Antalya Province, Turkey). These two complete enrolled trilobites of Wordian age are described herein. The diagnosis of the subgenus Pseudophillipsia (Nodiphillipsia) Kobayashi & Hamada 1984a is emended and its occurrence outside of eastern Asia is reported for the first time. The second specimen represents a new species, Pseudophillipsia (Carniphillipsia) kemerensis sp. nov. Its discovery in the Wordian of Turkey suggests that Pseudophillipsia (Carniphillipsia) is …

Geochemical And Mineralogical Characteristics Of Fe-Ni Laterite Ore Of Sarıçimen (Çaldıran-Van) Area In Eastern Anatolia, Turkey, Ali̇ Riza Çolakoğlu

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Sarıçimen Fe-Ni laterite ore is located 15 km east of Çaldıran County, northeast of Lake Van. This area is situated in the eastern Anatolia accretionary complex of Turkey, close to the Iran boundary. It is the first transported Fe-Ni rich laterite to be described from this area. This paper concentrates on the mineralogical and textural features of the ore minerals and the transported Fe-Ni laterite zone. These transported laterites are very inhomogeneous and contain very abundant zoned chromite grains, which have been altered to magnetite. SEM/probe investigations indicate that Fe-Ni is depleted in the core chromite and increases in …

Optically Stimulated Luminescence To Date Coastal Dunes And A Possible Tsunami Layer On The Kavak Delta (Saros Gulf, Nw Turkey), Ahmet Evren Ergi̇nal, Nafi̇ye Kiyak Güneç, Hasan Özcan

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating was used to determine the timing of initial dune formation and reconstruct the evolution of coastal dunes that developed on the Kavak Delta, Saros Gulf, Turkey. Along a 500-m-long representative transect, dune sands were extracted from foredune, semistable (grey) dune, stable (dark) dune and dune-swamp boundary defined by a scarp 50-75 cm high. The data obtained showed that dune drift initiated 670 years ago. A pumice layer 15-20-cm-thick interbedded with marine clay and sand showed an OSL age of 340 years coinciding with underlying dune sand. XRF analysis showed that pumices were of similar composition …

First Record Of Crassostrea Cyathula Lamarck 1806 From �The Rupelian-Lower Chattian Of Sarıbuğday-Kovancılar� (Ne Palu) Eastern Taurids, E Turkey, İzzet Hoşgör, Yavuz Okan

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Crassostrea cyathula (Lamarck 1806), a valuable biostratigraphic marker, was found for the first time in eastern Turkey (Eastern Mediterranean), in the Rupelian-Lower Chattian sedimentary sequences of northeastern Palu, Elazığ region, and its palaeoecological characters, palaeobiogeographic and stratigraphic distribution are discussed. These oyster specimens are also the first abundant macrofossils from the Oligocene sediments of the Sarıbuğday-Kovancılar section, which were formerly only recorded by micropalaeontological data.

Minerals From Macedonia. Xx. Geological Setting, Lithologies, And Identification Of The Minerals From Rzanovo Fe-Ni Deposit, Blazo Boev, Gligor Jovanovski, Petre Makreski

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Rzanovo deposit lies within the western ophiolite belt of the Vardar zone. Its main geological units are discussed in terms of their mineralogy, petrology and petrological evolution. Minerals observed include: magnetite, hematite, clinochlore, talc, sepiolite, magnesioriebeckite, lizardite, dolomite, phlogopite, stilpnomelane, quartz, albite, pyrite, maghemite, pyrrhotine, digenite and millerite. Some minerals had non-distinct morphologies and ambiguous characteristics, preventing identification on the basis of physical properties alone. Thus, some of the minerals (magnetite, hematite, talc, dolomite, olivine, calcite, aragonite and brucite) as well as some serpentine minerals (antigorite and chrysotile) were identified by vibrational spectroscopy. Difficulties in identification by IR spectroscopy …

Agate Fossil Beds National Monument: Geologic Resources Inventory Report, John Graham

United States National Park Service: Publications

This report accompanies the digital geologic map for Agate Fossil Beds National Monument in Nebraska, which the Geologic Resources Division produced in collaboration with its partners. It contains information relevant to resource management and scientific research. This document incorporates preexisting geologic information and does not include new data or additional fieldwork.

Formerly a working ranch in sparsely populated northwestern Nebraska, Agate Fossil Beds National Monument is one of the most important paleontological sites in the world for studying Miocene-age mammals and the evolving Miocene world which existed around 20 million years ago. The main bonebeds at Carnegie Hill and University …

Trends In Streamflow Characteristics Of Selected Sites In The Elkhorn River, Salt Creek, And Lower Platte River Basins, Eastern Nebraska, 1928–2004, And Evaluation Of Streamflows In Relation To Instream-Flow Criteria, 1953–2004, Benjamin J. Dietsch, Julie A. Godberson, Gregory V. Steele

United States Geological Survey: Publications

The Nebraska Department of Natural Resources approved instream-flow appropriations on the Platte River to maintain fish communities, whooping crane roost habitat, and wet meadows used by several wild bird species. In the lower Platte River region, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission owns an appropriation filed to maintain streamflow for fish communities between the Platte River confluence with the Elkhorn River and the mouth of the Platte River. Because Elkhorn River flow is an integral part of the flow in the reach addressed by this appropriation, the Upper Elkhorn and Lower Elkhorn Natural Resources Districts are involved in overall management …