Digital Commons Network^™

Inter-Seasonal Comparison Of Acoustic Propagation In A Thalassia Testudinum Seagrass Meadow In A Shallow Sub-Tropical Lagoon, Kevin M. Lee, Megan S. Ballard, Andrew R. Mcneese, Preston S. Wilson, Gabriel R. Venegas, Mathew C. Zeh, Abdullah Rahman

School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Acoustic propagation measurements were collected in a seagrass meadow in a shallow lagoon for periods of over 65 h in winter and 93 h in summer. A bottom-deployed sound source transmitted chirps (0.1–100 kHz) every 10 min that were received on a four-receiver horizontal hydrophone array. Oceanographic probes measured various environmental parameters. Daytime broadband acoustic attenuation was 2.4 dB greater in summer than winter, and the median received acoustic energy levels were 8.4 dB lower in summer compared to winter. These differences were attributed in part to seasonal changes in photosynthesis bubble production and above-ground seagrass biomass.

Balancing Renewable Energy And River Resources By Moving From Individual Assessments Of Hydropower Projects To Energy System Planning, Jeffrey J. Opperman, Juan Pablo Carvallo, Rafael Kelman, Rafael J. P. Schmitt, Rafael M. Almeida, Emily Chapin, Alexander Flecker, Marc Goichot, Guenther Guenther Grill, Julien J. Harou

School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

As governments and non-state actors strive to minimize global warming, a primary strategy is the decarbonization of power systems which will require a massive increase in renewable electricity generation. Leading energy agencies forecast a doubling of global hydropower capacity as part of that necessary expansion of renewables. While hydropower provides generally low-carbon generation and can integrate variable renewables, such as wind and solar, into electrical grids, hydropower dams are one of the primary reasons that only one-third of the world’s major rivers remain free-flowing. This loss of free-flowing rivers has contributed to dramatic declines of migratory fish and sediment delivery …

Assessing Ecotoxicity Of Surface Water And Sediment In The Little Scioto River, Leah Suzanne Morgan

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Aquatic toxicology evaluates the impact of pollution on freshwater and marine biota. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one class of chemicals prevalent in the environment that impair aquatic organisms. This study examined the effect of contaminated surface water and sediments from a former wood treatment facility on four aquatic species: Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow), Ceriodaphnia dubia (water flea), Chironomus dilutus (midge), and Daphnia magna (water flea). The findings showed that sediment contamination had no significant effect on survival and growth of C. dilutus or on survival of D. magna. Surface water contamination began to have a significant effect on …

Characterizing The Vegetation And Effects Of Climate Change On Parris Island, A Sea Island Ecosystem, Cody Hart Goodson

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Coastal habitats provide many ecosystem services, protecting coastlines from storm surges and erosion, diminishing the effects of eutrophication, sequestering large amounts of carbon, and acting as vital wildlife habitat. Sea-level rise and increased storm surge intensity associated with climate change are increasingly disrupting coastal habitats. These disturbances can shift environmental gradients that drive the zonation of coastal vegetation types, driving habitat conversion. Monitoring coastal habitat conversion can improve our understanding of the dynamic effects of climate change on these landscapes. Therefore, our objectives for chapter 1 were to identify and describe the distributions of vegetation types present on Marine Corps …

The Role Of Stress Barriers On The Shape Of Future Earthquakes In The Mentawai Section Of The Sunda Megathrust, Süleyman Sami̇ Nalbant, Mairead Nic Bhloscaidh, John Mccloskey, Cengi̇z İpek, Murat Utkucu

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The underlying causes of apparent barriers to rupture propagation on earthquake faults that appear strongly to constrain rupture shape and slip distributions, are the ongoing subject of research. Preseismic stress shadows on the rupturing segment, resulting from the history of slip preceding a great earthquake, are proposed here as one possible cause of such barriers. We focus on the Mentawai section of the Sunda megathrust since it is unique in having its long seismic history recorded in shallow water corals, as well as detailed slip distributions for events in the last ?seismic cycle?, and modern geodetic information on the distribution …

Globally Scalable Approach To Estimate Net Ecosystem Exchange Based On Remote Sensing, Meteorological Data, And Direct Measurements Of Eddy Covariance Sites, Ruslan Zhuravlev, Andrey Dara, André Luís Diniz Dos Santos, Oleg Demidov, George Burba

Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute: Faculty Publications

Despite a rapid development of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) for carbon removal in recent years, the methods for evaluating NBS still have certain gaps. We propose an approach based on a combination of remote sensing data and meteorological variables to reconstruct the spatiotemporal variation of net ecosystem exchange from eddy-covariance stations. A Lagrangian particle dispersion model was used for upscaling satellite images and flux towers. We trained data-driven models based on kernel methods separately for each selected land-cover class. The results suggest that the proposed approach to quantifying carbon exchange on a medium-to-large scale by blending eddy covariance flux data with …

Role Of Social Determinants Of Health In Differential Respiratory Exposure And Health Outcomes Among Children, Jagadeesh Puvvula, Jill A. Poole, Yeongjin Gwon, Eleanor G. Rogan, Jesse E. Bell

Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute: Faculty Publications

Background Attributes defining the Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) are associated with disproportionate exposures to environmental hazards and differential health outcomes among communities. The dynamics between SDoH, disproportionate environmental exposures, and differential health outcomes are often specific to micro-geographic areas.

Methods This study focused on children less than 20 years of age who lived in Douglas County, Nebraska, during 2016–2019. To assess the role of SDoH in differential exposures, we evaluated the association between SDoH metrics and criteria pollutant concentrations and the association between SDoH and pediatric asthma exacerbations to quantify the role of SDoH in differential pediatric asthma outcomes. …

Magnetotelluric Investigations Over Geothermal Provinces Of India: An Overview, Prabhala Bhakhara Venkata Subbarao, Pachigolla Venkata Vijaya Kumar, Dornadula Chandrasekharam, Vasu Deshmukh, Ajay Kishore Singh

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Magnetotelluric (MT) and audio-magnetotelluric (AMT) studies are sensitive to the geothermal fluids filling the faults and/ or fracture zones of the geothermal system. In India, MT/AMT studies have been carried out in NW Himalayas, central, eastern, and western India. In other areas, detailed MT/AMT studies need to be expedited. This review paper presents the art of geothermal exploration in India by using MT/AMT techniques and identifies potential zones that can be exploited for power generation and direct application. Reservoir characteristics, carbon emissions reduction methods, and levelised cost factor are also discussed.

Deciphering The Magma Storage Conditions And Preeruptive Processes At Cumaçay: A Plio-Quaternary Volcanic Eruption Center In Eastern Anatolia, Turkey, Yavuz Özdemi̇r, Ayhan Özdemi̇r

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

We investigate the geology and petrology of Cumaçay, one of the Plio-Quaternary eruption centers of postcollisional volcanism in Eastern Turkey, using a combination of geochronology, bulk-rock geochemistry, thermobarometry, and thermodynamic simulations. Our new K-Ar ages reveal an age of 3.5-0.97 Ma for the eruptive products, which spread around an area of approximately 1000 km². Mineral-melt equilibria for olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and plagioclase allow estimation of crystallization pressures, and temperatures indicate two separate crustal storage of crystallization at 14-28 km and 5-15 km. The temperature estimation from diverse methods ranges from 954 °C to 1224 °C. Thermodynamic modelings using …

Characterization And Dissolution Behaviors Of The Çatalağzı (Zonguldak, Turkey) Power Plant Fly Ash, Hati̇ce Yilmaz

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

This study focused on the characterization and dissolution behaviors of fly ash produced by the Çatalağzı power plant (Zonguldak, Turkey) in which bituminous coal is burned. The fly ash, containing mainly a glassy phase and small crystalline phases, is a typical class F fly ash with pozzolanic properties. Therefore, it can be used in many different areas. For this material to be used safely, it is necessary to determine its dissolution behavior as well as its physical, chemical, mineralogical, and morphological properties. The dissolution behavior of the Çatalağzı power plant fly ash (CFA) was examined by two standard methods, namely …

New High Resolution Aeromagnetic Anomaly Map Of Türkiye And Its Various Derivative-Based Maps, Alper Kiyak, Eren Pamuk, Serkan Köksal, Mustafa Levent Bakar, Serdar Tosuner

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Since Türkiye's territory is mostly mountainous and forested, earth science studies in these areas have not been completed at an adequate level and with a satisfying resolution. However, due to the long time and cost of collecting measurements from land in large- and medium-scale studies and due to the inability to collect measurements in regular grid intervals in large-scale studies to be carried out on land, an airborne geophysical survey project was conducted in order to collect high-resolution magnetic and radiometric country-scale data. Total magnetic field and radiometry data were collected from the air between 2017 and 2022 within the …

A Local Earthquake Tomography On The Eaf Shows Dipping Fault Structure, Sezi̇m Ezgi̇ Güverci̇n

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ) is a left-lateral transform fault zone located between the Anatolian and Arabian plates. In this study, in order to image the upper crustal structure beneath the eastern segments of EAFZ, 3D seismic velocity variations are computed using local earthquake tomography. The initial catalog for the tomography process consists of 2200 well-located earthquakes recorded at 49 seismic stations around the study region between 2007 and 2020. 1D initial velocity model is constructed based on previous studies in the region. The maximum number of iterations and the velocity perturbations which sustain the linearity of the inversion …

Variations In Coupling And Deformation Along The Hellenic Subduction Zone, Michael Floyd, Robert King, Demitris Paradissis, Hayrullah Karabulut, Semi̇h Ergi̇ntav, Kostas Raptakis, Robert Reilinger

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

GNSS observations in and around the Aegean Sea, Peloponnese, and western Turkey are sufficiently precise and densely spaced to provide an image of the deformation associated with the Hellenic subduction zone. To isolate deformation associated with the plate boundary, we use GNSS secular velocities and shallow earthquake locations to determine an upper plate reference frame with low internal deformation (/yr) that includes a large area of the central and western Aegean. We interpret upper plate deformation as resulting from stronger coupling on the subduction plate interface beneath western Crete than on the western or eastern segments of the Hellenic subduction …

Internal Deformation Of Continental Blocks Within Converging Plates: Insights From The Ovacık Fault (Anatolia, Türkiye), Cengi̇z Zabci, Taylan Sançar, Dmitry Tikhomirov, Susan Ivy-Ochs, Christof Vockenhuber, Anke M. Friedrich, Müge Yazici, Naki̇ Akçar

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The active tectonics of Anatolia is mostly characterized by its westward motion with respect to Eurasia between the Hellenic subduction in the west and Arabia-Eurasia continental collision in the east. Although most of the deformation is suggested to be confined along Anatolia?s boundary elements, viz. the North and East Anatolian shear zones, recent studies indicate a higher magnitude of internal strain accumulation, especially along the parallel/subparallel strike-slip faults of its central province. We present the first morphochronology-based slip rate estimate for one of these strike-slip structures, the Ovacık Fault, by using cosmogenic 36Cl dating of offset fluvial deposits. At the …

Contemporary Velocity Field For Turkey Inferred From Combination Of A Dense Network Of Long Term Gnss Observations, Ali̇ İhsan Kurt, Ali̇ Değer Özbakir, Ayhan Ci̇ngöz, Semi̇h Ergi̇ntav, Uğur Doğan, Seda Özarpaci

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Anatolia?Aegean domain represents a broad plate boundary zone, with the deformation accommodated by major faults bounding quasi-low deforming units. First-order features of this deformation were obtained in the form of a GNSS-derived velocity field. During the last decade, the accuracy of velocity solutions was improved, and the expansion of continuous networks increased spatial resolution. Nonetheless, an accurate representation of the deformation field requires interstation distances much lower than the locking depth of nearby faults, which has not yet been satisfied. The basis for creating a precise and accurate velocity field is uniform processing of the time series recorded both …

Application Of The Hvsr Technique To Map The Depth And Elevation Of The Bedrock Underlying Wright State University Campus, Dayton, Ohio, Devika L. Ghuge

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Estimating sediment thickness and bedrock surface geometry is critical for many hydrogeologic studies. The horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR), a passive seismic method is a unique, non-invasive technique for speedily estimating bedrock depth. To record ambient seismic noise, the H/V method employs a single broadband three-component seismometer. A field assessment was conducted on the Wright State University Campus in Dayton, Ohio, to determine the depth (z) and elevation of the bedrock. Data were collected at 60 different locations. A known value for the depth of bedrock on campus was determined using the log from a local water well available from the …

Effects Of Phosphorus-Binding Agents On Nutrient Dynamics And A Planktothrix Bloom In A Shallow, Semi-Enclosed Lake Area, Joseph Lee Davidson

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Grand Lake St. Marys is the largest (52 km2) inland lake in Ohio, USA, and receives high nutrient loadings (90th percentile for total nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations in the USA) from a watershed dominated by agricultural row-crops and livestock production. Eutrophication has led to cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms, dominated by non-N2 fixing Planktothrix, that persist year-round, including in winter months. In summer 2020 and 2021, multiple treatments using P-binding agents within a 3.5 ha swimming enclosure were conducted to remove excess dissolved P from the water column. The objective of this study was to examine pre-and-post treatment biogeochemical …

Mid-20th Century Land-Use Change Greatly Reduced Flood Intensity In The Southeastern Us Dataset, Zhixiong Shen, Nicholas William Conway

Marine Science Faculty Publications

This dataset presents laser-diffraction grain-size distribution data of the sediment core, SBL2, taken from an oxbow lake in the Pee Dee River floodplain South Carolina, USA (33.8453 °N, 79.3507°W).

Hydrodynamics And Sediment Transport In The Tidally Influenced James River, Ollie Gilchrest, Rip Hale

The Graduate School Posters

The tidally influenced James River is an important economic, ecologic, and cultural resource for VA residents. Tidal rivers have been historically understudied, however they are critical transition zones, the dynamics of which have implications for freshwater supply and sediment trapping. Globally, estimates suggest that >30% of fluvial sediment is trapped in the tidal zone, the location and dynamics of which are actively changing due to sea level rise and saltwater encroachment. In addition, analysis of historical water levels on the James River has shown a decrease in the tidal range since 1940. The present study combines >1-year’s worth of hydrographic …

Organic Matter Content And Grain Size Analysis In Seagrass Sediments, Adriana Amrhein, Rip Hale

College of Sciences Posters

Anthropogenic stresses including increased water temperatures, decreased water quality, sea level rise, ocean acidification and sediment biogeochemical processes have caused a significant loss in seagrass meadow acreage. Seagrass meadows provide coastal protection from storms and recently have been emphasized for their importance in sequestering and storing “Blue Carbon” from the atmosphere and ocean. Seagrass meadows can trap this blue carbon in their sediment as organic carbon, and it can be stored for hundreds to thousands of years. Restoration efforts of seagrass meadows in the Virginia coast started in the 1990s and effects of increasing seagrass density can be observed in …

Dust Deposition To The Bermuda Region: A Comparison Of Estimates Using Seasonally-Resolved Measurements Of Aluminum In Water-Column, Aerosol, And Rain Samples, Tara Williams, Peter Sedwick, Bettina Sohst, Joe Resing, Kristen Buck, Salvatore Caprara, Rod Johnson, Dan Ohnemus, Ben Twining, Alessandro Tagliabue

College of Sciences Posters

Dust deposition is a major source of bioactive trace elements to the surface ocean, yet this flux remains difficult to constrain. Previously, time-averaged dust flux has been estimated using surface ocean dissolved aluminum (DAl) concentrations, assumed values for aerosol aluminum solubility (%Al_S), and the residence time of DAl in the surface mixed layer (SML). We apply this method to estimate dust deposition in the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) region using water-column DAl data from cruises in 2019, which is compared with direct flux estimates from contemporaneous measurements of aluminum in aerosols and rain collected on Bermuda. Seasonal …

Cover Crop Composition In Long-Term No-Till Soils In Semi-Arid Environments Do Not Influence Soil Health Measurements After One Year, Hunter Bielenberg, Jason D. Clark, Debankur Sanyal, Johnathon Wolthuizen, David Karki, Amin Rahhal, Anthony Bly

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

Evaluating the influence of grass or broadleaf cover crops on soil health measurements is common in the northern US Midwest. However, the comparison among different cover crop mixtures, including blends of both grass and broadleaf species is limited. In 2018–2020, cover crop experiments were conducted in South Dakota at 11 site-years. Cover crops were planted in the summer after small grains harvest as mixtures of dominantly grasses or broadleaves, a 50/50 grass/broadleaf mixture, and a no cover crop control. Soil and above-ground plant residue samples were collected in the fall before winter termination and in the spring before corn planting. …

Identification Of Transtensional And Transpressional Features In The Sea Of Marmara Using Onshore-Offshore Seismic And Geodetic Data, Zeynep Coşkun, Ali̇ Pinar

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The scope of the study is to determine transtensional and transpressional features along the North Anatolian Fault beneath the Sea of Marmara, using seismic and geodetic data. For this purpose, focal mechanisms of small size NAF earthquakes, recorded by broadband stations and OBSs, have been derived and used as a tool to identify the transtensional and transpressional features. The focal mechanisms of: (1) small to moderate size events are obtained by the CMT inversion technique of Kuge (2003), using onshore waveform data from 2002?2015, (2) micro-earthquakes are obtained using the technique of Horiuchi (2015), using offshore waveform data recorded by …

Rapid Growth In Late Cretaceous Sea Turtles Reveals Life History Strategies Similar To Extant Leatherbacks, Laura E. Wilson

Geosciences Faculty Publications

Modern sea turtle long bone osteohistology has been surprisingly well-studied, as it is used to understand sea turtle growth and the timing of life history events, thus informing conservation decisions. Previous histologic studies reveal two distinct bone growth patterns in extant sea turtle taxa, with Dermochelys (leatherbacks) growing faster than the cheloniids (all other living sea turtles). Dermochelys also has a unique life history compared to other sea turtles (large size, elevated metabolism, broad biogeographic distribution, etc.) that is likely linked to bone growth strategies. Despite the abundance of data on modern sea turtle bone growth, extinct sea turtle osteohistology …

A Study Of The Cultural And Geological Environment Of The Magic Mountain Site In Golden, Colorado, Brianna K. Dalessandro

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The Magic Mountain site, located in Golden, Colorado, has been the subject of intensive academic studies since the 1950s because of its extensive artifact assemblage and long habitation periods. The aim of this thesis was to use ground-penetrating radar, magnetometry, GIS models, and lithic analysis to further study when and how the Magic Mountain site was used during prehistoric times and contextualize a variety of hypotheses about site habitation and migratory patterns of prehistoric people in Colorado.

The results of these analyses indicate the habitation and migratory pattern of the Magic Mountain site was a periodic, but consistent, proximal visitation …

Mineral-Specific Issues In 3d Scanning And Printing For Digital Collections, Outreach And Display, Selby Hearth, Bronwen Densmore

Geology Faculty Research and Scholarship

Three-dimensional (3D) scanning and 3D printing of natural history specimens presents interesting opportunities for informal and formal science education, as well as specimen preservation and display. Museum staff in several museums have begun scanning and making specimens available online. However, very few mineral specimens are available as scanned 3D objects, because minerals present unique challenges in scanning. Specifically, their variable surface reflection properties (“luster”) and surface complexities make them complicated specimens to reproduce. This paper examines the variables involved in 3D scanning and 3D printing mineral specimens, lays out criteria for ideal candidates, and presents workarounds to common problems. In …

A Participatory Drone Mapping And Critical Physical Geography Of Water Security For Irrigation In Northern Ghana, Dinko Hanaan Dinko

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Dam discourse frequently incorrectly assumes that their emergence unilinearly translates to an expansion of economic opportunities while not considering how dams become sites for the reproduction of inequality and injustice. This dissertation investigates how the politics of irrigation water access are nested in a complex web of physical materialities of the 'natural' environment and power relations, with lived consequences on differentiated social identities in semiarid Ghana. The research draws on transdisciplinary perspectives from political ecology, embodiment, critical physical geography, and mixed methods, including interviews, focus group discussions, surveys, participatory drone mapping, and laboratory analysis of soil biochemical properties. The study …

An Experimental Investigation Of Gold Incorporated Into Bornite, Intermediate Solid Solution (Iss), And Pyrrhotite: Implications For Porphyry Ore Deposits, Carli Lynn Schmidt

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Magmatic-hydrothermal ore deposits contain metals sourced from a melt and transported to shallower levels by a magmatic volatile phase (MVP) where they can be deposited as native elements or structurally bound in sulfide or oxide minerals. Porphyry ore deposits are a major subclass of such and contain plentiful concentrations of societally significant metals including copper and gold. These deposits include the Grasberg porphyry Cu-Au-(Mo) deposit in Indonesia, the Bingham Canyon porphyry Cu-Mo-Au deposit in Utah, USA, and the Far Southeast porphyry Cu-Au deposit in the Philippines. In these systems gold is often found associated with bornite, intermediate solid solution (ISS, …

Diagram Affordances And Their Impact On Students’ Answers About Rivers And Groundwater, Daniel R. Curtis

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Diagrams are important tools for conveying information in geoscience education. Choosing what imagery to use and assessing its effectiveness is not straightforward. A diagram needs sufficient affordances (i.e., details, dimension) for the viewers to comprehend the intended message without adding too many details that will confuse and distract the viewer. Prior research suggests that the viewer’s knowledge and experience impact how diagram affordances are interpreted. Understanding this interaction between knowledge, context, and diagram affordance is critical for education and assessment.To investigate how changes in affordances affect student interpretation of images, we surveyed undergraduate students (N = 201) in introductory Earth …

Daily Meteorological Report, Cercom, Molloy University, John Tanacredi Ph.D., Kyle F. Maurelli

CERCOM Reports

Meteorological data is collected daily at CERCOM and is submitted to the National Weather Service (NWS), in Upton NY at the Brookhaven National Laboratories. Air Temperature, wind speed and direction, pH of precipitation, rain gauge, barometer pressure, cloud cover and estimated altitude by type, are data sets compiled and submitted to the NWS daily. CERCOM’s Co-Op site is the only continuous operating facility on Great South Bay.