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The Strawberry Rhizosphere Microbiome: Role On Plant Health And Nutrition, Eric Michael Boyd

Master's Theses

Microbial-root associations are important to help plants cope with abiotic and biotic stressors. Managing these interactions offers an opportunity for improving the efficiency and sustainability of agricultural production. By characterizing the bacterial and archaeal community (via 16S rRNA sequencing) associated with the bulk and rhizosphere soil of sixteen strawberry cultivars in two controlled field studies, we explored the relationships between the soil microbiome and plant resistance to two soilborne fungal pathogens of strawberry (Verticillium dahliae and Macrophomina phaseolina). Overall, the plants had a distinctive rhizosphere microbiome relative to the bulk soil, with higher abundances of known beneficial bacteria …

Effect Of Pecan Variety And The Method Of Extraction On The Antimicrobial Activity Of Pecan Shell Extracts Against Different Foodborne Pathogens And Their Efficacy On Food Matrices, Veerachandra K. Yemmireddy, Cameron Cason, Juan Moreira, Achyut Adhikari

School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

The shells of pecans are a rich source of bioactive compounds with potential inhibitory activity against various pathogenic microorganisms. This study investigated the antimicrobial activity of pecan shell extracts as effected by the type of cultivar and the method of extraction against various foodborne bacterial pathogens. Defatted shell powders of 19 different pecan cultivars were subjected to aqueous and ethanolic extraction (1:20 w/v) procedures, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of lyophilized pecan shell extracts dissolved in deionized water containing 5% DMSO (v/v) were determined against multiple strains of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica, and …

Sustainable Recultivation And Land Use On Karst Regions--Shrub System, Z. Q. Lai, S, M. Qin, Y. R. Chen, S. Z. Qin, M. Pogacnik, X. F. Yi, N. Yao, Y. L. Liang, D. Kompan, X. Su

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Morphological Changes Associated With Forage Quality In Temperate Pastures Fertilized With Nitrogen In Autumn, M. L. Gatti, A. Ayala Torales, G. Acosta

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Unravelling The Mechanisms Behind The Invasion Of An Introduced And Now Undesirable Grass Species, Jennifer Firn, Yvonne Buckley

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Kura Clover (Trifolium Ambiguum) In Pastures For Western Canada, Jane R. King, Jennifer A. Walker

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Isotopes As Natural Recorders Of Grassland Ecosystem Functioning And Change, Hans Schnyder, Karl Auerswald

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Including Arachis Pintoi In Tropical Forages Diets Megathyrsus Maximus And Brachiaria Humidicola On In Vitro Methane Production, Diana Marcela Valencia Echavarría, Luis Alfonso Giraldo Valderrama, Alexandra Torres, Alejandra Marín Gomez

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Ruminants have the capability to ferment structural carbohydrates found in forages and obtain from them a usable form of energy to produce high quality food, i.e milk and meat (Kamra et al., 2012). However, as a gaseous by-product from the enteric fermentation of those carbohydrates, methane is produced in a significant proportion, being considered as one of the most important greenhouse gases (GHG). In Colombian tropical livestock, inclusion of legumes in on poor quality grasses diets based have allowed an improvement of their nutritive quality, besides enteric methanogenesis reduction because their content of condensed tannins (CT); however, this is not …

Effect Of Selected Tanniniferous Leaves On In Vivo Enteric Methane Emission In Sheep, M. Saravanan, R. Bhatta, L. Baruah, P. K. Malik, N. Ravi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Concentration of methane is continuously increasing in atmosphere and now almost 155% (IPCC, 2007) more than that recorded during pre-industrial era. Livestock production is a major sector accountable for high methane emission into atmospheric pool. World’s livestock is contributing around 15% of total atmospheric methane on annual basis feeds (Moss et al., 2000). Additionally, methane emission from ruminants leads to a loss of 2 to 15% of the dietary energy (Holter and Young, 1992). Due to these two crucial issues, researchers are working tirelessly to find a suitable and effective way for enteric methane amelioration accompanied with minimal inputs. …

Methane Emission Estimated From Different Cattle Intake Data In Heifers Grazing A Tropical Pasture, José Augusto Imaz, O. Hernández, D. Dos Santos, A. Radrizzani, J. I. Arroquy

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The quantification of methane (CH₄) from enteric fermentation related to cattle diet is a useful tool to identify strategies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. This is even important in tropical and subtropical regions due to the lack of CH₄ estimations in beef cattle, particularly from Bos Indicus breeds grazing tropical grasses (Kurihara et al., 1999). Several modelling approaches have been developed in order to predict CH₄ emission. However, the use of these models has limitations associated with uncertainty information required such as feed intake (FI), composition of the selected diet and animal responses (Gonzalez et …

Effect Of Graded Levels Of Condensed Tannin (Ct) From Mimosa Pudica On In-Vitro Methane Production, P. K. Malik, R. Bhatta, N. Ravi, M. Saravanan, L. Baruah

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Livestock in the country are primarily being fed on fibrous feed resulted in high enteric methane (CH₄) emission along with low nutrients availability to host animal. Rumen methano genesis is necessary for the host system as this process ensure the removal of fermentative H₂ through the reduction of CO₂ into CH₄. At the same time this process is wasteful because the emission also represents a loss of dietary energy (6-12% of gross energy intake) apart from contributing to global warming.

Worldwide livestock contribute around 90-95 Tg methane to the pool with a contribution of …

Nitrate Transport In The Unsaturated Zone, Patience Bosompemaa

Theses and Dissertations

Abundance of nitrate in the soil is a basic issue in agricultural land-use regions, causing eutrophication and pollution of water bodies. The study focuses on the role of a saturated buffer zone (SBZ) to remove nitrate from the groundwater resulting from agricultural activities. The study area is herbaceous SBZ located in central Illinois (40.614382ºN, -89.023542ºW), which lies between a stream and a farm located upgradient. The SBZ has been outfitted with an agricultural runoff treatment system that diverts tile drainage into the subsurface of the SBZ rather than discharging into the stream. Within the SBZ three experimental areas composed of …

Integrated Evaluation Of Soil Carbon Budget By Manure Application On Forage Production, Mikinori Tsuiki, Ryo Sato, Shoji Matsuura, Mariko Shimizu, Ryusuke Hatano, Takatoshi Arita, Akinori Mori, Akira Miyata, Masayuki Hojito, Mitsuhiro Niimi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grasslands and forage crop fields produce forages and also have many services and functions such as repositories of biodiversity, climate regulation and soil conservation (Sala and Paruelo, 1997). Carbon budget is one of these important ecosystem services by high levels of carbon sequestration below ground (Hungate et al., 1997). Manure application increases carbon budget and also affects forage production, NO₃^- leaching to underground water and N₂O emission to atmosphere. Integrated evaluation of these various environmental impacts is important to find optimum condition for forage production and environmental impacts. LIME2 (Life-cycle Impact assessment Method based on …

Nutrient Profiling And Identification Of Genetic Marker For Azolla Sp., Upendra Kumar, Anjani Kumar, N. Umakanta, T. B. Bagchi, Sangita Mohanty, Awadhesh Kumar, Md Shahid, A. K. Nayak

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Azolla (mosquito fern, duckweed fern, fairy moss and water fern) is a genus of seven species of aquatic ferns. They float on the surface of water by means of scale-like leaves, with their roots hanging in the water. Azolla is able to fix unlinked nitrogen (N₂) directly from the atmosphere because of its endosymbiotic blue alga Anabaena azollae (Van Hove, 1989), and is thus a very promising supply of nitrogen to aquatic ecosystems. In recent years, apart of traditional cultivation of Azolla as a bio-fertilizer for wetland paddy, also find increasing use for sustainable production of livestock feed. …

Establishment And Early Growth Of Improved Brachiaria Cultivars In Different Agro-Ecological Zones Of Kenya, Donald M. G. Njarui, Clotilda O. Nekesa, Elkana Nyambati, Mwangi Gatheru, Sita R. Ghimire, Joseph G. Mureithi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Livestock feed scarcity is a salient feature in East Africa (Njarui et al., 2011) and it is a major constraint to livestock productivity particularly during the dry seasons. The recent interest in livestock development in Kenya fueled by rising demands of animal products has led to research in identifying drought tolerant, productive and persistence forages to support livestock productivity. Brachiaria grasses have shown a great potential in South America and Australia as livestock feed. It is the most widely cultivated forage in tropical America, with estimated acreage of 99 million hectares in Brazil alone (Jank et al., 2014), …

Evaluation Of Tropical Herbaceous Legumes For Drought Resistance In Myanmar, Jue Jue, Nang Khan Hline, Khin San Mu, Moe Thida Htun, Lwin Naing Oo, Soe Min Thien, Dezin Soe Lwin, Jenny Hanks, Ganda Nakamanee, Werner Stür, Aung Aung

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Animal nutrition systems in the tropical and subtropical countries utilize a wide range of feedstuffs, mainly the crops and agricultural by-products, grasses, legumes, trees and shrubs. During the dry season, the crude protein concentration in the native grasses can drop below 3% crude protein (Atta-Krah and Reynolds, 1989). Fodder tree is not sufficient and is of low quality in Myanmar (Myo and Aye, 2007). Shrubs represent an enormous potential source of protein for ruminants in the tropics (Devendra, 1992). Browses are rich in nitrogen and minerals which are low in other conventional feeds of tropical regions. Herbaceous legume species play …

Routes Of Dicyandiamide Uptake In Pasture Plants: A Preliminary Laboratory Study, Pranoy Pal, Andrew M. S. Mcmillan, Surinder Saggar

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A consequence of intensification of New Zealand pastures is increased nitrogen (N) inputs to the soil in the form of urine, dung and mineral fertiliser. Dairy cow urine has a high N content that causes large N losses from the grazed system via nitrate (NO₃^-) leaching, nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions and ammonia volatilization. Dicyandiamide (DCD) is a nitrification inhibitor that has been proven to reduce NO₃^- leaching and N₂O emissions, and increase pasture in New Zealand pastures (De Klein et al., 2014). DCD was commercially available for use in New …

Selection Of Suitable Varieties Of Grasses For Myanmar, Nang Khan Hline, Khin San Mu, Moe Thida Htun, Lwin Naing Oo, Soe Min Thien, Dezin Soe Lwin, Jue Jue, Aung Aung, Jenny Hanks, Werner Stür, Ganda Nakamanee

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The basal feed resources for ruminants available in most developing countries in the tropics are crop residues, pasture from infertile land, for example communal land, or agro-industrial by-products. These are low in protein and of low digestibility. A major problem facing livestock producers in tropical areas is proper nutrition for their animals during the dry season when pastures, cereal residues and maize stover are limiting in nutritional quality. The researchers in Myanmar have tried to improve the nutritive value of fibrous agricultural residues. Aung Aung et al. (2006) supplemented the sesame and chickpea husk to bulls fed on urea-treated …

S Nutrition Is Involved In Alleviation Of Damage Of Photosynthetic Organelles By Salt Stress In Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa Pratensis L.), Sang-Hyun Park, Bok-Rye Lee, Tae-Hwan Kim, Se-Jong Oh

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Salt-stress is considered as one of the major environmental factor limiting plant growth and productivity. It has been well reported that salt stress induce the reduction of stomatal density and number leading to poor gaseous exchange which resulted in decrease of photosynthesis is associated with inhibition of several enzymes related to the Calvin cycle such as RuBisCo. In addition, salt stress decreases photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll and carotenoid which has important role in photosynthesis.

Sulfur (S) is one of six macronutrients needed for proper plant growth and development. In our previous work, we found that sulfur nutrition has significant …

Fodder Productivity Of Different Genotypes Of Cenchrus Ciliaris Under Hot Arid Climate Of Thar Desert, M. P. Rajora, R. K. Bhatt, S. K. Jindal, C. S. Shantharaja

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Indian arid zone occupies about 31.7 million ha of land, of which 62% lies in western Rajasthan. The climate of the area is typically arid, characterized by hot dry summers, sub-humid monsoon and cold dry winters. The soils are coarse loamy sand with low level of nutrients. These factors render cropping an undependable proposition, while animal husbandry remains the main stake of the local people. Lasiurus sindicus, Cenchrus ciliaris, C. setigerus, Panicum antidotale, P. turgidum and Cymbopogon spp., are the main perennial grasses grow in this area. These grasses had three folds advantages in the arid agricultural economy, …

Breeding Strategies For Improving Fodder Security In Semi-Arid Tropics (Sat), Vijay Kumar Yadav, P. Kaushal, P. K. Ghosh

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Semi-Arid Tropic region extends in 55 countries of the world mostly developing nations which extend from Asia to Africa and provides home for 38 % of total poor of the world (Thornton et al., 2000). South Asia holds maximum areas under SAT which is followed by the countries from African continent and South America. The region is under tremendous change and facing acute problem of water, land degradation and soil health and loss of biodiversity. Demand for livestock product in the region is growing much more rapidly than the demand for food grains. Livestock numbers have increased significantly in all …

Yield And Yield Component Development In Dual-Purpose Barley, A. K. Singh, Pradeep Saxena

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a widely adapted small-grain annual cereal and is a key feed and fodder in India (Kharub et al., 2013). Barley can provide nutrition to the animals through its green fodder at vegetative stage and grains after harvest from the regenerated plants. The vegetative portion of the crop is valuable as a source of pasture, cut green forage, and straw. Their relative importance is determined at different ontogenetic stages of plant. An area of barley breeding receiving increasing attention is the development of dual-purpose (green forage and grain) varieties for plains as well as …

Root Architecture And Morphology Of Advanced Synthetic Lines Developed By The Red Clover Breeding Program Of Inia-Chile, Fernando Ortega, Luis Inostroza, Catalina Vasquez, Joel Ibañez, Hernán Acuña

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is one of the most important forage legumes in temperate regions of the world. In Chile, it is the only forage species with a breeding program that has been continue over decades and produced commercial cultivars. Because of the good seed and forage production potential, red clover cultivars released by the INIA breeding program (INIA-BP) are commercialized both in Chile and abroad. The main limitation of the species worldwide is its low persistence, determined by the high plant mortality due to the deterioration of the main root and crown (Ortega et al., 2014). …

Plant Growth Regulators For Mitigating Water Stress In Cowpea, Syama S. Menon, K. E. Savithri

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Water is becoming a scarce commodity for irrigation especially under the present changing climatic scenario. Water stress hampers important physiological and biochemical mechanisms leading to reduction in plant growth and yield. Studies revealed that the exogenous application of plant hormones has been found to alleviate the negative effects of various abiotic stresses. Cowpea, being a non-season bound crop, can be grown throughout the year and it performs well during summer season under irrigation, but water scarcity limits its area under cultivation. However, limited research works have been conducted to investigate the potential benefits of exogenous application of plant growth regulators …

Development Of A Reference Set Of Sorghum (Sorghum Spp.) For Cyanogenic Potential (Hcn-P) And Evaluating Their Fodder Yield Traits, B. J. Karthikeyan, C. Babu, A. John Joel, S. Ganeshram

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) the fifth most important cereal crop of the world is also valued for its fodder and stover. In India, fodder sorghum is grown in 2.6 mha mainly in western UP, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan and Delhi and fulfils over two-third of the fodder demand.

Sorghum has four desirable qualities viz., high dry matter yield, light, water and nitrogen use efficiency. Sorghum stover is valued over all other sources of fodder. Thus, sorghum is used as fodder to the domestic animals for its better performance. The projected demand for fodder in India in 2020 is expected …

Quality Of Fodder Cowpea Varieties As Influenced By Soil Moisture Stress Levels, S. Lakshmi, M. R. Anita

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A serious drawback of sustainable livestock production system in Kerala is the inadequate seasonal distribution of fodder production. The quantity and quality of herbage available in the lean dry months from January to May is very low. Therefore it is imperative to develop a fodder production system that increases the availability and improves the quality of herbage in the dry summer months. Fodder cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is a legume inherently more tolerant to drought than other fodder legumes (Fatokun et al., 2009) and considered as a crop capable of improving sustainability of livestock production through its …

Genetic Variability In Sorghum Exotic Accessions For Nutritional Attributes And Methane Emission Potential, Sultan Singh, D. C. Joshi, R. V. Kumar

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Sorghum an important fodder crop grown for multiple uses as fodder, food and fuel constitute major chunk of forage produced in India. Over the past years Indian farmer’s preference to dual purpose sorghum has changed. Introduction of dual-purpose sorghum varieties to sustain rural development, enhance renewable energy production and improve food security has been stressed Genetic variability of sorghum may be exploited to bred dual purpose hybrids/varieties for higher fodder yield without compromising grain yield.Substantial variations in the fodder value of sorghum stovers have been reported that supports the concept of genetic enhancement to improve dual-purpose sorghum cultivars. Under the …

Genetic Diversity Of Genus Avena In North Western-Himalayas Assessed By Morphological Traits, V. K. Sood, Indu Rana, Aditi Sharma, Rajan Katoch, H. K. Chaudhary, Waseem Hussain

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Oat (Avena sativa L.) is a cool season, annual crop grown mainly in moist areas of temperate climates of the world serving as a food for mankind and forage for cattle. Oat is an important rabi fodder crop in India.In India, oat is also cultivated in Himalayan states like Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand. Oat in these regions have a wider adaptability, because of its excellent growing habitat, quick re-growth and better nutritional value (Misri, 2004). Oat breeding programme in Indian regions has not achieved much impetus due to a narrow genetic base of cultivated gene pool within the …

Wild Halophyte Plants As Potential Fodder Resource Under Extreme Saline Environment Of Kachchh, Gujarat, India, Shamsudheen Mangalassery, Devi Dayal, A. K. Mishra, Sachin Patel, Nisha Goswami

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rann of Kachchh in North West India is a unique saline marshy desert. It is described as "a desolate area of unrelieved, sun-baked saline clay desert, shimmering with the images of a perpetual mirage"(Mountfort et al., 1991) and is regarded as the largest salt desert in the world. In the Indian part it stretches in 7505.22 sq. km known as Great Rann and 4,953 sq. km known as Little Rann. The Ranns turns into marshy land by inundated water from runoff during monsoonal rainfall and water driven by forces of winds and tides from Arabian Sea making the area unapproachable …

Growing Food In Space: A Comparison Of Led And Solar-Fiber-Optic Technologies, Paul Kusuma, J. Matthew Hardy

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Growing food on Mars for long-term space exploration has many benefits including reduced fuel and cost requirements for lift-off, improved nutrition and psychological benefits for astronauts, air purification, and oxygen and water regeneration. However, complications are caused by the thin atmosphere on Mars, which would force production underground or into a heavily armored shelter. Providing the massive number of photons necessary to grow food is expensive and careful consideration must be made regarding the most promising technologies. The two most promising options are a combination of either concentrating mirrors coupled to solar-fiber-optics (SFO), or photovoltaics (PV) coupled to light-emitting diodes …