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Phenotype X Herbage Allowance Interactions In Reproduction Of First Calf Heifers Grazing Semiarid Rangeland, J. W. Holloway, B. G. Warrington, M. K. Owens

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Cattle are differentially adapted to nutritional environments. The most sensitive measure of adaptation is reproduction of first-calf heifers. We studied the role of maturation rate and milk production on reproductive performance of first-calf heifers allowed different levels of herbage in semiarid rangeland.

The Impact Of The Level Of Feed-On-Offer Available To Merino Ewes During Winter-Spring On The Wool Production Of Their Progeny As Adults, Chris Oldham, M. Ferguson, B. Paganoni, A. Thompson, G. Kearney, M. A. Van Burgel

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

New opportunities for developing optimum ewe management systems, based on achieving liveweight and body condition score (CS) targets at critical stages of the reproductive cycle, have emerged from the acceptance that nutrition during pregnancy can have substantial impacts on the lifetime wool performance of the progeny (Kelly et al,. 1996). However, most studies of the impacts of nutrition on foetal growth and development tended to focus on late pregnancy and have also only considered extreme nutritional regimes often outside the boundaries of commercial reality. Hence, the Lifetime Wool team (Thompson & Oldham, 2004) conducted dose-response experiments to determine the …

Effects Of Forage Chicory (Cichorium Intybus) On Farmed Deer Growth And Internal Parasitism, S. O. Hoskin, P. R. Wilson, W. E. Pomroy, T. N. Barry

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Internal parasitism (particularly lungworm - Dictyocaulus sp) significantly limits post-weaning growth of deer. Endoparasite control using anthelmintics may be unsustainable, due to the increasing risk of anthelmintic resistance and the risk or perception of chemical residues in animal products. Chicory has a high feeding value and contains sesquiterpene lactones and low levels of condensed tannins, both with anti-parasitic activity (Molan et al., 2003). Grazing chicory during autumn may reduce the requirement for anthelmintic treatment of young deer compared with grazing ryegrass-based pasture (Hoskin et al., 1999). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of withholding …

Soil Nutrient And Invertase-Producing Bacteria Relation Impact On Cilembu Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas L.) Growth: A Study Based On Upland And Wetland Cultivation In Cilembu Village Sumedang District, Eso Solihin, Syaiful Anwar, Dwi Andreas Santoso, Budi Nugroho, Purwono, Rija Sudirja, Haris Maulana, Nadia Nuraniya Kamaluddin, Agung Karuniawan

Jurnal Kultivasi

Environment is one important factors that must be considered in supporting sweet potato productivity. Environmental factors can be biotic and abiotic, including the availability of nutrients and microbes in the soil. This study aimed to identify the nutrient content of the soil in paddy fields and dry fields, identify the total invertase microorganisms in paddy fields and dry fields, and identify the relationship between soil nutrients and microorganisms during the growth of Cilembu sweet potato in dry and paddy fields agroecosystems. This research was conducted on dry fields and paddy fields in Cilembu Village, Sumedang Regency. The experimental design used …

Effect Of Npk And Bacillus-Coated Npk Fertilizer On Biomass, Nutrient Content In Soil And Nutrient Uptake By Lettuce, Reginawanti Hindersah, Mieke Rochimi Setiawati, Pujawati Suryatmana, Betty Natalie Fitriatin, Fasa Aditya, Gita Bina Nugraha, Rara Rahmatika Risanti, Priyanka Asmiran

Jurnal Kultivasi

The Inoculation of beneficial soil microbes is an effective method for lowering doses of inorganic fertilizers. This study was aimed to observe and compare the effect of doses and formulas of Bacillus-coated NPK (BCN) and conventional NPK fertilizers on biomass, major macro-nutrient in soil and their uptake by shoots of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.); as well as evaluate the potency of BCN for decreasing doses of NPK fertilizers. The greenhouse experiment was set up in a randomized block design with seven treatments and five replications. The treatments included one and a half doses of recommended NPK fertilizer and two BCN …

Phosphate Availability, P-Uptake, Phosphatase, And Yield Of Maize (Zea Mays L.) Affected By Kaolin Based P-Solubilizer And P Fertilizer In Inceptisols, Betty Natalie Fitriatin, Muhammad Nafariz Budiman, Pujawati Suryatmana, Nadia Nuraniya Kamaluddin, Dedi Ruswandi

Jurnal Kultivasi

Inceptisols have problem in phosphate availability. Soil P content is very low available to plants because it is bound by soil colloids. One of the efforts to increase the P nutrient in the soil in a sustainable way by using P-Solubilizers that can dissolve phosphate in the soil so that it is available for plants. The purpose of experiment was to determine the effect of the combination dose of kaolin based P-Solubilizer and P fertilizer for improving P availability, P uptake, phosphatase, and maize yield on Inceptisols. The kaolin-based P-Solubilizer was used a consortium of phosphate solubilizing microbes (PSM) consisting …

Effectiveness Of Water Hyacinth Compost And N, P, K, S Fertilizer On S-Available, S Uptake, Protein Content, And Yield Of Shallot In Inceptisols From Jatinangor, Emma Trinurani Sofyan, Fajar Akbar Gumelar, Anni Yuniarti, Benny Joy, Fiky Yulianto Wicaksono

Jurnal Kultivasi

. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a source of organic matter that can be used as compost to improve the soil quality and productivity of shallots. Shallots are horticultural commodities that have various benefits. Inceptisol soils dominate Indonesia, with an area of 37.5% of Indonesia's land area but have low soil fertility. Soil fertility can be increased by optimal fertilization. This experiment aimed to determine the dose of water hyacinth compost and nitrogen (N), phosphor (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S) fertilizer which gave the best effect on increasing available S, S uptake, protein content, and yield of shallots. The experiment …

Gene Discovery And Molecular Dissection Of Lignin Biosynthesis In Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne), A. Lidgett, M. Emmerling, R. Heath, R. Mcinnes, D. Lynch, A. Bartkowski, K. Fulgueras, T. Sawbridge, E. K. Ong, K. F. Smith, A. Mouradov, G. C. Spangenberg

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Lignification of plant cell walls has been identified as a major factor limiting forage digestibility. It limits the amount of digestible energy available to livestock, resulting in an incomplete utilisation of cellulose and hemicellulose by ruminant animals. Modification of the lignin profile of ryegrasses (Lolium spp.) and fescues (Festuca spp.) is undertaken through modulating the expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of monolignols.

Droughtscape, Spring 2023, National Drought Mitigation Center

DroughtScape: Quarterly Newsletter of the National Drought Mitigation Center (2007–2023)

DroughtScape, Spring 2023

Evaluating Species-Specific Replenishment Solution Effects On Plant Growth And Root Zone Nutrients With Hydroponic Arugula (Eruca Sativa L.) And Basil (Ocimum Basilicum L.), Lauren L. Houston, Ryan W. Dickson, Matthew B. Bertucci, Trenton L. Roberts

Horticulture Faculty Publications and Presentations

Managing nutrients in recirculating solutions can be challenging in hydroponic production, and poor management practices can rapidly result in root zone nutrient imbalances in reduced yield. Using mass balance principles to formulate hydroponic replenishment solutions is a proposed strategy to reduce nutrient imbalances and the need to periodically replace the hydroponic solution. Objectives were to (1) formulate species-specific nutrient replenishment solutions for arugula (Eruca sativa L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) using mass balance principles and (2) evaluate the effects of using these replenishment solutions on plant growth and root zone nutrients over time. In the first experiment, …

Foliar Expression Of Candidate Genes Involved In Condensed Tannin Biosynthesis In White Clover (Trifolium Repens), Stephen N. Panter, J. Simmonds, A. Winkworth, A. Mouradov, G. C. Spangenberg

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Bloat disease in cattle and sheep is caused by the rapid microbial degradation of protein-rich fodder in the rumen. This leads to the production of protein foams that trap gases, causing bloat, a condition that is often fatal to livestock and costly to farmers. Condensed tannins (CTs) are phenolic polymers produced by the phenylpropanoid pathway of plants (Figure 1). CTs bind to proteins under acidic to neutral conditions, such as those present in the rumen, slowing their breakdown. A diet with a CT content of between 2% and 4% by dry weight, which is provided by some pasture legumes (e.g. …

Screening Of Perennial Grasses And A Mutant Maize Collection By Fourier-Transformed Infrared (Ftir) Spectroscopy For Improved Biofuel Traits, S. C. Thain, P. Morris, S. Hawkins, C. Morris, I. S. Donnison

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Currently the potential of biomass crops, including grasses, is limited because most species have not been bred for this purpose. However traits such as lignification, phenolic cross-linking and carbohydrate accessibility, which are also important for nutritive quality in forage grasses, can affect potential biofuel quality in applications such as combustion, fast-pyrolysis or fermentation. A collection of Lolium and Festuca species known to exhibit a range of lignin, cell wall phenolic and carbohydrate concentrations have been used to test optimum characteristics for biofuel processing. This collection formed a “calibration” set for subsequent high through-put FTIR chemical screening of additional plant lines: …

Nutritive Value Of Alopecurus Pratensis, Festuca Rubra, Arrhenatherum Elatius And Lolium Perenne Grown In The South Of Belgium, A. Nivyobizi, A. G. Deswysen, D. Dehareng, A. Peeters, Y. Larondelle

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Europe, recent strategies have aimed at encouraging farmers to use production techniques more efficient in preserving the environment and maintaining natural areas. Those strategies have encouraged the use of secondary grass species in forage production systems. However, the nutritive value of those grasses is not well known. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the energy and nitrogen values of Alopecurus pratensis (ALPR), Festuca rubra (FERU) and Arrhenatherum elatius (AREL) under moderate rates of nitrogen (N) application (60 kg N/ha per cut) and a hay-cutting regime (2 cuts/year: 25 May and 9 July). Lolium perenne cv. …

The Potency Of Citrus Aurantiifolia Swingle And Sea Salt Solution As A Cleansing Agent For Edible Bird’S Nests, Siti Gusti Ningrum, Adhitya Yoppy Ro Candra, Hana Cipka Pramuda Wardhani

Makara Journal of Science

The present study aimed to evaluate the potency of Citrus aurantiifolia Swingle and sea salt solution as a promising cleansing agent for edible bird’s nests (EBNs). Ascorbic acid, sodium, and chloride analyses of the C. aurantiifolia Swingle and sea salt solution were conducted using HPLC, ICP-OES, and titrimetry, respectively. The characteristics of physical samples and hydrogen peroxide detection were examined in this study. The reduction activity of the Citrus aurantiifolia Swingle and sea salt solution on the nitrite of 120 white EBNs was studied. This nitrite reduction activity was compared with the available method (standard), drinking water method, 6% C. …

Towards A Comparative Map Of White Clover (Trifolium Repens) And Barrel Medic (Medicago Truncatula), M. Febrer, G. Jenkins, M. T. Abberton, D. Milbourne

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grassland is of pivotal importance to the Irish agricultural industry. This dependence of grass is reflected in the large proportion of land area under grass, approx. 80% of the total land acreage in Ireland. The presence of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in grassland significantly improves the overall nutritional value of the forage by increasing the relative amounts of nitrogen present. Genetic improvement of white clover through breeding of varieties should increase the productivity of grasslands. Advances in plant biotechnology offer the possibility of developing tools that will radically enhance our ability to breed improved plant varieties. The objective …

Gene Discovery And Molecular Dissection Of Fructan Metabolism In Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne), J. Chalmers, A. Lidgett, X. Johnson, K. Terdich, N. Cummings, Y. Y. Cao, K. Fulgueras, M. Emmerling, T. Sawbridge, E. K. Ong, A. Mouradov, G. C. Spangenberg

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Fructans are the main soluble carbohydrate stored in up to a third of the vegetation of the earth, including the economically important temperate grasses. Fructans are polymers of fructose attached to a sucrose precursor. Perennial ryegrass (L. perenne L.) accumulates fructans of the inulin series, inulin neoseries and levan neoseries. Four enzymes are required to produce fructans of this profile: 1-SST (sucrose:sucrose 1- fructosyltransferase), 1-FFT (fructan:fructan 1-fructosyltransferase), 6G-FFT (6-glucose fructosyltransferase) and 6-FFT (fructan:fructan 6-fructosyltransferase) or 6-SFT (sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferase) (Figure 1). Fructan biosynthetic enzymes have evolved from invertases and thus it is argued that fructan metabolism is an extension …

Eating Biodiversity: Investigating The Links Between Grassland Biodiversity And Quality Food Production, A. Hopkins, H. Buller, C. Morris, J. D. Wood

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Modern food production systems are generally detrimental to biodiversity, and the widespread loss of species-diverse grassland as a consequence of intensive farming methods is well documented. Since the 1980s, a range of policy measures and financial incentives for farmers have been introduced in Europe to halt (and in some cases, reverse) this trend, primarily to meet environmental objectives of species and habitat conservation and landscape protection. Biodiversity, where associated with agricultural production, has largely been regarded as a positive 'externality' to the process of food production; a ‘product’ which benefits wider society without necessarily conferring an agricultural benefit to the …

Qtl Analysis And Trait Dissection In Ryegrass (Lolium Spp.), T. Yamada, J. W. Forster

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Key points

1. Molecular marker-based genetic analysis permits the dissection of complex phenotypes through resolution of the locations of pleiotropic and interacting genetic factors.
2. Several QTLs for agronomically important characters such as flowering time, winter hardiness and forage quality have been identified in perennial ryegrass by molecular marker-based map analysis.
3. Some QTLs were putatively orthologous to those for equivalent traits in cereals.
4. The identification of co-location between QTLs and functionally-associated genetic markers is critical for the future implementation of marker-assisted selection programs.

Application Of Molecular Technologies In Forage Plant Breeding, K. F. Smith, J. W. Forster, M. P. Dobrowolski, N. O. I. Cogan, N. R. Bannan, E. Van Zijll De Jong, M Emmerling, G. C. Spangenberg

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Key points

1. A range of molecular breeding technologies have been developed for forage plant species including both transgenic and non-transgenic methodologies.
2. The application of these technologies has the potential to greatly increase the range of genetic variation that is available for incorporation into breeding programs and subsequent delivery to producers in the form of improved germplasm.
3. Further developments in detailing the phenotypic effect of genes and alleles both through research in target species and through inference from results from model species will further refine the delivery of new forage cultivars.

Variability In Quantity And Composition Of Water Soluble Carbohydrates Among Irish Accessions And European Varieties Of Perennial Ryegrass, S. Mcgrath, S. Barth, A. Frohlich, M. Francioso, S. A. Lamorte, T. R. Hodkinson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study was to identify perennial ryegrass accessions displaying high fructose and glucose contents and an improved ratio between fructose and glucose fractions across different time points throughout the year. Fructose and glucose are the main constituents of the water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) fraction in perennial ryegrass. For animal nutrition the amount of WSC is crucial as it is the primary energy source available to metabolise the intake of plant protein. The ratio between fructose and glucose fractions is important since fructosan chains, which are an excellent energy source for ruminants, are built from fructose. Furthermore the …

Constraints On Dairy Cattle Production From Locally Available Forages In Bangladesh, M. A. S. Khan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The productivity of milk producing animals in Bangladesh is low because of low individual yield and poor fertility. The reasons for the low productivity are complex but, in order of priority, appear to be (a) the imbalanced nature of the nutrients that arise from the digestion of the forage resources, (b) the incidence of disease/parasitism, and (c) the often harsh climatic circumstances. Thus, the purpose of this study was to find out the practical constraints on dairy cattle production from locally available forages under small holding village conditions of Bangladesh.

Pasture Management In Deer Farms In Mauritius, P. Grimaud, P. Thomas, J. Sauzier

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rusa deer (Cervus timorensis russa) were introduced into Mauritius in 1639, and with a population of 65,000 deer now provide the first source of red meat in the island. From June to September, the hunting period, extensive ranches ensure the venison market, while intensive farms provide it for the rest of the year. A pasture survey was carried out over 3 years to advise deer farmers on their sward management.

An Evaluation Of Grazing Value Of Maize And Companion Crops For Wintering Lactating Ewes, E. A. Van Zyl, C. S. Dannhauser

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Northwestern KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), in South Africa, is well known for its sheep production from natural rangeland in summer (October to May). During winter, however, the nutritional value of the rangeland cannot maintain young growing sheep or pregnant and lactating ewes. With this in mind, Lyle (1991) suggested the use of planted pastures for the winter. Crichton et al. (1998) and Esterhuizen & Niemand (1989) suggested the use of maize crop residues for both cattle and sheep during winter, whereas Moore (1997) evaluated grazing (not harvested) maize for this purpose. He found that the crude protein content of the crop was …

Production Per Animal And Use Of Intake Estimatives To Predicted Animal Productivity In Pennisetum Purpureum Cv. Mott And Cynodon Spp Cv. Tifton 85 Pastures, Fernando L. F. De Quadros, A. R. Maixner, Gilberto V. Kozloski, D. P. Montardo, A. Noronha, D. G. Bandinelli, M. Da S. Brum, N. D. Aurélio

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Dairy production is a very important activity in southern Brazil, being an essential source of income to small household farms. Milk production from pastures is an alternative to reduce costs in dairy systems. Some C4 grasses, such as dwarf elephant grass (DEG) and Tifton 85, have presented high animal production per animal and per area. Although studies evaluating milk production from these pastures are rare in south Brazil, in vitro studies have demonstrated that the nutritional value of these forages is higher than production registered in grazing. So, it is possible that, in spite of a high intrinsic nutritional value, …

Ingestive Behaviour Of Steers In Native Pastures In Southern Brazil, C. E. Pinto, Paulo C. De F. Carvalho, A. Frizzo, J. A.S.F. Júnior, T. M. S. Freitas, Carlos Nabinger

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The Campos biome, particularly its native pastures, is the main resource for livestock production in southern Brazil (Boldrini, 1997). It has a huge floristic diversity in which more than 400 grass and 150 legume species are found. These pastures are very heterogeneous with horizontal as well as vertical structure. Hodgson (1985) stressed the importance of sward structure upon diet selection, emphasizing the difficulties animals could have to access all pasture layers in temperate pastures. This experiment investigates how variation in herbage allowance along the growing season influences the ingestive behaviour of steers.

Translational Genomics For Alfalfa Varietal Improvement, G. D. May

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Key points

1. Medicago truncatula is a model legume with available mapping, genome, and RNA, protein and metabolite profiling databases and genetically diverse populations.
2. Genomics resources developed for M. truncatula have application in the study and improvement of alfalfa making it an excellent model for this forage legume.

Protection Of Agrobiodiversity: Model Calculations In Rhineland-Palatia: Costs And Implications For Farmers, H. Bergmann

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Biological conservation and production use the same areas of land in less favoured areas. Grassland in these areas makes an important contribution to the protection of agro-biodiversity. However, under existing market conditions and production needs, the use of low yielding grasslands is not economically efficient. The objective of this study was to analyze the economic consequences of different mowing strategies in a small region in Rhineland-Palatia (Germany) that served the protection of two butterfly species.

Managing Resources By Grazing In Grasslands Dominated By Dominant Shrub Species, D. Magda, Cyril Agreil, Michel Meuret, E. Chambon-Dubreuil, P. -L. Osty

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The European natural grasslands are attracting new attention because of their environmental value as habitats for threatened fauna and flora species and their contribution to the diversity of landscapes. Those responsible for the implementation of the European agri-environmental policy are hence encouraging livestock farmers to adopt grazing practices that contribute to the conservation of grassland biodiversity especially by limiting encroachment by dominant shrubs. However, current scientific knowledge and technical information are often insufficient to connect flock feeding and the impact of grazing on shrub dynamics and livestock farmers are not very enthusiastic about restoring or conserving “plant mosaics” including shrubs …

Effect Of Urea-Treated Pennisetum Pedicellatum And Supplementation Of Concentrates With Urea On Milk Production Of “Mossi” Ewes, V. M. C. Bougouma-Yameogo, A. J. Nianogo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The “Mossi” sheep is a near parent of “Djallonke” sheep that live in sudano-sahelian area of Burkina Faso. However, there are few available results on dairy production from this breed. The treatment of straw with urea is a technique used in several developing countries to improve the nutritional value of gramineous forages (Sourabié et al., 1995). The aim of this study was to test the influence on the performance of “Mossi” ewes and on milk composition of treatment of Pennisetum pedicellatum (Pp) with urea in comparison with addition of urea to the concentrate feed.

Using The N-Alkane Technique To Estimate The Herbage Intake And Diet Composition Of Cattle Grazing A Miscanthus Sinensis Grassland, Y. Zhang, Y. Togamura, K. Otsuki

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Plant wax alkanes are now widely used as marker substances (Dove & Mayes 1991) for the estimation of forage intake and diet composition of grazing herbivores. The objective of this study was to evaluate this method with cattle grazing a M. sinensis grassland in Japan.