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Articles 2071 - 2100 of 3985
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Aquifers Of Nebraska I: The Codell Aquifer In Northeastern Nebraska, Dana Divine, R. Matthew Joeckel, Sue Olafsen Lackey
Aquifers Of Nebraska I: The Codell Aquifer In Northeastern Nebraska, Dana Divine, R. Matthew Joeckel, Sue Olafsen Lackey
Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications
No abstract provided.
Coal Geology: The Origin Of Coal, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Coal Geology: The Origin Of Coal, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Readings and Notes
Coal forms from the tissues of plants with the major contributor being the woody tissues, cellulose and lignin, from trees growing in fresh-water wetlands. Land plants first evolved during the early Devonian and by the end of the period had adapted to most terrestrial environments. Beginning in early Pennsylvanian time, vast portions of the eastern portion of Laurentia were covered with coal-forming swamps and bogs, environments that were to be repeated throughout the remainder of the Paleozoic Era and again in the Jurassic, Cretaceous and Tertiary Periods. It was during these times that the combination of climatic conditions and wetland …
A Geology Field Trip, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
A Geology Field Trip, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Readings and Notes
oduction to Field Trip I had several objectives in mind when I prepared this field trip. I want to develop in you an interest, an understanding, and an appreciation of geology of the region. I want to show you differences between three of the basic physiographic provinces within Appalachia, the Low Plateau, the High Plateau, and the Appalachian Mountain Section of the Valley and Ridge Province. I also want to show you the role that the kinds and structures of the underlying rocks plays in the formation of the topography of a region in order to have you better understand …
Adiabatic Cooling And Warming, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Adiabatic Cooling And Warming, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Readings and Notes
In order to understand how deserts form one needs to understand two processes called adiabatic cooling and warming.
Kinds Of Volcanoes, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Kinds Of Volcanoes, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Readings and Notes
By definition, a volcano is a conical structure that builds around a volcanic vent. A volcanic vent is an opening from which molten rock and gases erupt. According to the definition, there is no size requirement. There are volcanoes that you can span with your legs while on the other hand, there is Mt. Fiji.
The West Virginia's Valley And Ridge Physiographic Province: An Overly Simplistic Introduction, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
The West Virginia's Valley And Ridge Physiographic Province: An Overly Simplistic Introduction, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Readings and Notes
Anyone who has driven across West Virginia has noticed major changes in the lay of the land. In the western portion of the State the landscape belongs to the Appalachian Plateaus Physiographic Province. But what constitutes a plateau? According to the Glossary of Geology, a plateau is a dissected (stream carved) upland underlain by horizontal strata. In the case of the Appalachian Plateau, it is a relatively flat to gently rolling surface with an average elevation of about 900 feet underlain by gently folded to flat-lying sedimentary rocks. But what is a physiographic province? Again, according to the Glossary of …
Earth's Place In Space, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Earth's Place In Space, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Readings and Notes
I've always thought that a story should start at the beginning. Since this book is the story of Earth, we will start at the beginning. According to the astronomers, in the beginning, there was no need for geology because there were no minerals or rocks; there was no Earth; there was no Sun; there were no stars or planets. According to the astronomers, there was a time when even our present universe didn't exist. In the 1920s, the Belgian astronomer Georges Lemaitre hypothesized that everything presently contained within the entire Universe was once compressed into in a sphere he called …
The Pennsylvanian Period, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
The Pennsylvanian Period, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Readings and Notes
In many respects, the mountain building of the Acadian Orogeny never really came to an end. Following the collision of Avalonia with the eastern margin of Laurasia with the subsequent creation of the Acadian Highlands, Gondwana and South America, now joined together into a single continent, were approaching from the east and south respectively. Even before the continent-continent collision that would occur at the close of Permian time, the highlands of Acadia along the eastern margin of Laurasia and Llanoria along the southern margin were being maintained as uplands in response to the compressional forces generated by the converging continents. …
The Ordovician Period, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
The Ordovician Period, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Readings and Notes
The Ordovician Period extends in time from 505 million years ago until 438 million years ago. You will remember from our discussions of the Cambrian that the Ordovician Period of time and the Ordovician System ofrocks was suggested by Professor Lapworth as a means of solving the dilemma presented by Murchison and Sedgewick as to the "ownership" of a section of rock that both claimed when Murchison wanted to include the upper portion of Sedgewick's Cambrian System as the lower portion of his Silurian System. Sedgewick, you will remember, responded by demanding that the lower portion of his Silurina System …
The Jurassic Period, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
The Jurassic Period, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Readings and Notes
During the Jurassic Period, Europe was covered by a shallow sea in which a rich fauna was encapsulated in sequences of limestones and shales. These Jurassic rocks were the training ground for many of the early geologists as they began to formulate some of the basic precepts of geology. Foremost amongst these was William Smith (1769-1839) who was the first to discover how to use fossils to correlate between separated outcrops. He gained his knowledge and understanding of fossils in his profession of a surveyor and in the building of canals throughout southern England where the canals were cut into …
Oceans And Shorelines, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Oceans And Shorelines, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Readings and Notes
Until 1872 when H.M.S, Challenger, a British warship converted for research, made its historic voyage, relatively little was known about the oceans. The voyage, funded by the British government, was mandated to chart the depth of the ocean, measure the various ocean currents, amass data on the composition of the ocean's water and bottom sediments, and collect information on ocean life. At the time of the voyage, except for a few soundings, almost nothing was known about the ocean bottom. Most scientists of the day had considered the vast expanses of the deep ocean basins to be nothing more than …
Investigation Of Lunar Subsurface Cavities Using Thermal Inertia And Temperature Maximum To Minimum Ratios, Rachel Ann Slank
Investigation Of Lunar Subsurface Cavities Using Thermal Inertia And Temperature Maximum To Minimum Ratios, Rachel Ann Slank
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Previous studies have revealed a small number of subsurface cavities, including lava tubes, as well as skylights, lava flow pits, and impact melt pits on the Moon. The interiors of subsurface cavities would have been protected from micrometeorite bombardment, solar radiation, space weathering, and extreme diurnal temperature swings over long periods of geologic time. As a result, subsurface cavities can provide access to pristine crustal samples and stratigraphy. These cavities may also harbor important volatiles, such as water ice, that would enable future exploration missions by relieving many operational constraints, including the supply of propellants and life support. In addition, …
Land Cover Land Use Change And Soil Organic Carbon Under Climate Variability In The Semi-Arid West African Sahel (1960-2050), Amadou M. Dieye
Land Cover Land Use Change And Soil Organic Carbon Under Climate Variability In The Semi-Arid West African Sahel (1960-2050), Amadou M. Dieye
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Land Cover Land Use (LCLU) change affects land surface processes recognized to influence climate change at local, national and global levels. Soil organic carbon is a key component for the functioning of agro-ecosystems and has a direct effect on the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the soil. The capacity to model and project LCLU change is of considerable interest for mitigation and adaptation measures in response to climate change. A combination of remote sensing analyses, qualitative social survey techniques, and biogeochemical modeling was used to study the relationships between climate change, LCLU change and soil organic carbon in the …
Simulating The Impacts Of Land-Use Land-Cover Changes On Cropland Carbon Fluxes In The Midwest Of The United States, Zhengpeng Li
Simulating The Impacts Of Land-Use Land-Cover Changes On Cropland Carbon Fluxes In The Midwest Of The United States, Zhengpeng Li
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Understanding the major drivers of the cropland carbon fluxes is important for carbon management and greenhouse gas mitigation in agriculture. Past studies found that agricultural land-use and land-cover (LULC) changes, such as changes in cropland production technologies, tillage practices, and planted crop species, could have large impacts on carbon fluxes. However, the impacts remain highly uncertain at regional to global scales. Satellite remote sensing is commonly used to create products with geospatial information on LULC changes. This geospatial information can be integrated into biogeochemical models to simulate the spatial and temporal patterns of carbon fluxes. We used the General Ensemble …
Seismic Reflection, Well Log, And Gravity Analysis Of The Thrace Basin, Northwestern Turkey, Murat Kuvanc
Seismic Reflection, Well Log, And Gravity Analysis Of The Thrace Basin, Northwestern Turkey, Murat Kuvanc
Graduate Theses/Dissertations
The Thrace basin is located between the Paleogene the Istranca and Rhdope massifs in the northwestern part of Turkey. Sediments in the Thrace basin accumulated during the early Eocene to the late Miocene, and the basin includes normal and strike-slip faults that were mainly formed in the Miocene. The hydrocarbon potential of the Thrace basin has been investigated by analyzing seismic reflection, well log, and gravity data since the 1930s; the basin has a huge gas reservoir potential and contains the first gas production field in Turkey. To determine the geologic and geophysics features of a portion of the basin …
A Trace Metal Content Database Of Cave Sediments Of Midcontinent U.S.A., Matthew Dale Smith
A Trace Metal Content Database Of Cave Sediments Of Midcontinent U.S.A., Matthew Dale Smith
Graduate Theses/Dissertations
The midcontinent of the United States has thousands of documented caves. These caves contain cave sediments, which are the accumulation of biological, geological, and anthropological debris. At this time there is no known database for trace metals of cave sediments of the midcontinent United States. Considering that caves host a wide variety of life, it is important to create a database to examine potential effects of trace metals on cave systems. In order to develop this baseline, 14 caves were sampled from across the midcontinent. Caves were selected based on geologic and hydrologic attributes. The sediments were analyzed for the …
Land Use And Land Cover Classification And Change Detection Using Naip Imagery From 2009 To 2014: Table Rock Lake Region, Missouri, Dexuan Sha Sha
Land Use And Land Cover Classification And Change Detection Using Naip Imagery From 2009 To 2014: Table Rock Lake Region, Missouri, Dexuan Sha Sha
Graduate Theses/Dissertations
Land use and land cover (LULC) of Table Rock Lake (TRL) region has changed over the last half century after the construction of Table Rock Dam in 1959. This study uses one meter spatial resolution imagery to classify and detect the change of LULC of three typical waterside TRL regions. The main objectives are to provide an efficient and reliable classification workflow for regional level NAIP aerial imagery and identify the dynamic patterns for study areas. Seven class types are extracted by optimal classification results from year 2009, 2010, 2012 and 2014 of Table Rock Village, Kimberling City and Indian …
Geologic Time, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Geologic Time, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Readings and Notes
It is not surprising that humans have wondered how long Earth has existed. At one extreme, there were the Brahmans of India who believe that Earth never had a beginning and will never have an end. Others were of the opinion that Earth was old, but perhaps not eternally old. In 450 BC, for example, a Greek historian named Herodotus (484 - 425 BC) expressed the opinion that Earth was very old, basing his estimate on the results of his studies of the Nile Delta. He observed that the delta was growing layer by layer as a result of the …
Earthquakes And Seismology, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Earthquakes And Seismology, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Readings and Notes
The great majority of earthquakes are caused by the movement of faults. Two terms are used to determine the location of an earthquake, focus and epicenter. The focus of an earthquake is the point along a fault where the rocks slipped and released the energy previously stored during the elastic phase of deformation. Because faults represent brittle deformation, the highest frequency of earthquakes occurs at Earth's surface and decreases with depth as rocks become less brittle and more plastic. The deepest earthquake foci occur at depths of about 640 km. ( 400 mi.) which is the deepest penetration of subducting …
Earthquakes, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Earthquakes, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Readings and Notes
For centuries, earth scientists have known where the major earthquakes occurred. They also knew they occurred in the same locales as the most violent volcanoes, a fact that led to centuries of arguments as to which was the cause of the other. Now we know that they are not cause and effect; they are both associated with the convergent plate margins. During the mid-1900s, another major zone of both volcanic and earthquake activity was discovered, namely the divergent margins, the most important site being the oceanic ridges. Since then, we have also come to understand the occurrence of volcanic activity …
The Triassic Period And The Beginning Of The Mesozoic Era, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
The Triassic Period And The Beginning Of The Mesozoic Era, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Readings and Notes
The Triassic Period is the first period of the Mesozoic Era, a span of time from 245 million years ago to 66 million years ago. Although the Mesozoic era commonly known as the "Age of the Dinosaurs,', it should be pointed out that there were other important evolutionary developments taking place such as the appearance of the first mammal birds and flowering plans. The onset of the Mesozoic Era, the Triassic Period, was also a time of profound tectonic activity affecting the entire North American craton. In the east, the primary event was the breakup of Pangea and the formation …
Coal Genesis, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Coal Genesis, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Readings and Notes
Most textbooks classify coal as a sedimentary rock even though it does not fit the definition of a sedimentary rock. While a sedimentary rock is a "rock formed from the products of weathering and erosion", coal forms from the remains of land plants. In fact, coal doesn't even fit the definition of a rock. A rock is defined as "mixture of minerals" and minerals are defined as "natural occurring, solid, inorganic substances ..• " Coal is composed largely (90+%) of organic substances (macerals) which, by definition, are not minerals. If coal must be classified as a rock, because it forms …
Deserts And Wind, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Deserts And Wind, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Readings and Notes
About one third of Earth's land surface is either arid (< 10" ppt./yr or semi-arid (10" to 20" pt./yr). While most precipitation is in the form of rain, some may be provided by melting snow, mist, or fog. With limited availability of water, rocks are not subjected to chemical weathering but rather to physical weathering.
Igneous Rocks, John J. Renton, Thomas Repine
Egg On Hegranes: Geophysical Prospection, Coring, & Test Excavations—Report 2016, John M. Steinberg, Brian N. Damiata, Rita S. Shepard, Kathryn Anne Catlin, John W. Schoenfelder
Egg On Hegranes: Geophysical Prospection, Coring, & Test Excavations—Report 2016, John M. Steinberg, Brian N. Damiata, Rita S. Shepard, Kathryn Anne Catlin, John W. Schoenfelder
Andrew Fiske Memorial Center for Archaeological Research Publications
This report describes the 2016 archaeological work at the farm of Egg is in the southernmost part of Hegranes, North Iceland.
A Small-Scale Water Budget Approach And Water Quality Assessment: A Case Study For Calderas Lake, Guatemala, Edrick Ramos
A Small-Scale Water Budget Approach And Water Quality Assessment: A Case Study For Calderas Lake, Guatemala, Edrick Ramos
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports
Increases in water demand and urban development in Calderas community over the past decade have led to questions about the hydrology, water quality, quantity and sustainable management of Calderas Lake micro-basin. However, studies on baseline hydrology are limited for rural communities located inside volcanic origin watersheds of Guatemala. The scope of this study was to characterize the hydrology and establish a method to: 1) quantify a water budget, and 2) qualify the water quality of a lacustrine system that supply water for about 17,000 inhabitants on the state limits or rural Guatemala City. Mean annual rainfall and temperature at the …
Hegranesþing On Hegranes: Geophysical Prospection Interim Report 2013 – 2015, Brian N. Damiata, John M. Steinberg, John W. Schoenfelder, Douglas J. Bolender
Hegranesþing On Hegranes: Geophysical Prospection Interim Report 2013 – 2015, Brian N. Damiata, John M. Steinberg, John W. Schoenfelder, Douglas J. Bolender
Andrew Fiske Memorial Center for Archaeological Research Publications
Geophysical surveys were conducted at Hegranesþing on Hegranes in North Icelad during the summers of 2013 and 2015.
Evaluation Of Aster-Like Daily Land Surface Temperature By Fusing Aster And Modis Data During The Hiwater-Musoexe, Guijun Yang, Qihao Weng, Ruiliang Pu, Feng Gao, Chenhong Sun, Hua Li, Chunjiang Zhao
Evaluation Of Aster-Like Daily Land Surface Temperature By Fusing Aster And Modis Data During The Hiwater-Musoexe, Guijun Yang, Qihao Weng, Ruiliang Pu, Feng Gao, Chenhong Sun, Hua Li, Chunjiang Zhao
School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications
Land surface temperature (LST) is an important parameter that is highly responsive to surface energy fluxes and has become valuable to many disciplines. However, it is difficult to acquire satellite LSTs with both high spatial and temporal resolutions due to tradeoffs between them. Thus, various algorithms/models have been developed to enhance the spatial or the temporal resolution of thermal infrared (TIR) data or LST, but rarely both. The Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model (STARFM) is the widely-used data fusion algorithm for Landsat and MODIS imagery to produce Landsat-like surface reflectance. In order to extend the STARFM application over …
Assessing The Impact Of Vertical Land Motion On Twentieth Century Global Mean Sea Level Estimates, B. D. Hamlington, P. Thompson, W. C. Hammond, G. Blewitt, R. D. Ray
Assessing The Impact Of Vertical Land Motion On Twentieth Century Global Mean Sea Level Estimates, B. D. Hamlington, P. Thompson, W. C. Hammond, G. Blewitt, R. D. Ray
CCPO Publications
Near-global and continuous measurements from satellite altimetry have provided accurate estimates of global mean sea level in the past two decades. Extending these estimates further into the past is a challenge using the historical tide gauge records. Not only is sampling nonuniform in both space and time, but tide gauges are also affected by vertical land motion (VLM) that creates a relative sea level change not representative of ocean variability. To allow for comparisons to the satellite altimetry estimated global mean sea level (GMSL), typically the tide gauges are corrected using glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) models. This approach, however, does …
Subaerial Seeps On Holocene Carbonate Eolian Strata From Cat Island, Bahamas, Bosiljka Glumac, H. Allen Curran, Sarah Brisson
Subaerial Seeps On Holocene Carbonate Eolian Strata From Cat Island, Bahamas, Bosiljka Glumac, H. Allen Curran, Sarah Brisson
Geosciences: Faculty Publications
Reprinted from: Bosiljka Glumac & Michael Savarese (eds.),Proceedings of the 16th Symposium of the Geology of the Bahamas and Other Carbonate Regions: San Salvador, Gerace Research Center