Digital Commons Network^™

Potassium Rates For Macrotyloma Axillare Growth, R A. Martim, F A. Monteiro, P.R. L. Portilho

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The response of the tropical forage legume macrotiloma guata (Macrotyloma axillare (E. Mey) Verdc) to potassium rates was studied in a greenhouse experiment. The plants were grown in nutrient solution with seven potassium (K) rates, 0; 3.5; 7; 21; 35; 105 and 245 mg l-1 of solution, in randomized complete block design, with four replications. There was significant response of the legume to potassium rates. Considerations are made on the influence of these levels on plant dry matter yield in two harvests, root dry matter production and potassium and magnesium concentrations in the plant tissue.

Phosphorus Use Efficiency For Biomass Production Of Legume Species, A T. Ayala Torales, V A. Deregibus, P R. Moauro

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of the experiment was to identify traits associated with the production of plant biomass, and hence with P utilization efficiency, when legume species were fertilized. Red clover (Trifolium pratense) and narrowleaf birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus tenuis) were compared in a greenhouse experiment using phosphorus deficient soils. Three plants grew in pots fertilized with 0, 2, 4, 8, 15, 20, 30 and 40 ppm in soil, in a randomized experimental design. Harvest was made at 60 days from the sowing date. Leaf areas, shoot and root biomass, and tissue phosphorus contents were measured. Results showed that …

A Review Of Centrosema Pascuorum (Centurion) Cvv. Cavalcade And Bundey As A Pasture Legume In The Ley Farming System Studies In North West Australia, K Thiagalingam, D Zuill, T Price

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Field experiments and commercial experience with the pasture legume Centrosema pascuorum (centurion) in the Katherine and Douglas Daly districts of the Northern Territory over the past ten years were reviewed. Results show that cultivars of this species (Cavalcade and Bundey) have good potential for improving both soil fertility and the quality of dry season forage (as hay or grazing) for cattle in mixed farming systems in the semi-arid tropics of north west Australia.

Effect Of Plant Age And N And P Fertilization On Mineral Composition Of Andropogon Gayanus, D E. Morillo, A Caraballo, J Faria-Marmoll, L R. Mcdowell

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Mineral concentrations of Andropogon gayanus Kunth, as affected by age of regrowth, 42 and 63 days (six and four cuttings); rate (kg/ ha/year) of N fertilizer, 0, 100 and 200, and of P2O5, 0 and 75, were evaluated on a sandy-loam Aridisol (pH 5.5) in Venezuela, using a split-split-plot experimental design with two replications. Forage mineral concentrations did not differ (P>0.05) among ages. Mean Ca, P, Mg, Na were: 0.20, 0.11, 0.10 and 0.029 %, and regarded as deficient for ruminants. Only K (1.21 %) was considered adequate. Mean Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn and Co were 57, 24, 2.7, …

Seasonality In The Response Of Perennial Grass-Clover Pastures To Phosphorus Fertiliser, A K. Metherell, A C. Mckenzie

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Pasture dry matter yields from individual cuts of multi-year phosphorus (P) fertilizer field trials were analyzed for evidence of consistent seasonal trends in the response to P. The relative response to P was greatest in the late autumn - winter period, with the seasonal variation in relative yield being greater where soil fertility and mean annual relative yields were lowest.

Interaction Of Endomycorrhizal Fungi And Phosphate On Neonotonia Wightii, Lackey, V T. Paulino, O.M. A.A. Ghisi, M.A. C. Lucena, M J. Valarini, J C. Werner

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This experiment was carried out in greenhouse condition, to study the effect of four phosphorus levels (20, 80, 140 and 200 kg of P2O5/ ha) with or without fungi mycorrhizal inoculation (Acaulospora longula + A. morrowae ). Five accessions of Neonotonia wightii (Wightii & Arn) Lackey (perennial soyabean) were studied: Malawi, Tinaroo, NO1264, NO409 and NO 250. The growth of Neonotonia was improved by the phosphorus fertilization.The effect of VAM inoculation was greater in the lower levels of P fertilization reducing its effect in the higher levels of P applied. The presence of soluble P induced higher N accumulation …

Effects Of Agropastoral Systems On Microbially Bound Phosphorus In Low P Acid Soils, A Oberson, D K. Friesen, C Morel, H Tiessen, E Frossard

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The effect of agropastoral systems replacing native savanna on microbially bound phosphorus (Pmic) in low P acid soils was investigated. Chloroform released P (PChl) was measured to estimate Pmic. In a long-term improved pasture experiment, PChl was higher in grass-legume (GL) than grass-only pasture (GO). Although the P balance was slightly higher in GO than in GL, available P contents followed the same trend as PChl suggesting that the presence of legumes enhances the maintenance of P fertility. In a rice-pasture system, PChl was higher than under rice monocrop indicating an effect of the cropping system on PChl that goes …

Effect Of Slurry Application On Cell Wall Components And Silage Intake By Sheep Of Italian Ryegrass And Triticale, H Kawamoto, N Shimizu, R Uegaki, R Kobayashi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The study was to elucidate the effect of application of slurry manure from dairy cows on chemical components, the rumen degradation characteristics and silage intake by sheep of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and Triticale ( rye-wheat hybrid). The amounts of application of slurry were 0, 50, 100 and 150 t/ha. The increasing level of slurry application resulted in a decrease of lower digestible cell wall and an increase of degradation rate. The silage of 150 t /ha treatment was significantly more consumed by sheep than the other treatments (p<0.05). The changes in cell wall components in both quantity and quality by the slurry application were advantageous to the increase of voluntary dry matter intake of the forage.

Raster Map For Prediction Of Heading Date Of Timothy By Nonparametric Dvr Method, T Saigusa, K Nakashima, N Noshiro, M Tsutsumi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A system for making a raster map for predicting the heading date of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) at first cutting for every 1km2 plot was developed to supply information for smooth harvest of forage of good quality in a dairy farming area of Hokkaido. Daily mean air temperature for every 1km2 plot was estimated with data from a network of meteorological observatories and data base of the Japan Meteorological Agency. Day length could be calculated from latitude and calendar day. Using these two environmental factors, heading date of timothy at first cutting for each area was predicted by nonparametric DVR …

Long-Term Effects Of Co2 Enrichment And Temperate Increase On Forage Quality In A Temperate Grass, J F. Soussana, J M. Besle, I Chabaux, P Loiseau, P C. De Faccio Carvalho

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Perennial ryegrass swards were grown during two years at two N fertilizer supplies in elevated (700 ppm) or ambient atmospheric CO2 concentration at outdoor temperature and at + 3°C in elevated CO2. Elevated CO2 and temperature increase had only minor impacts on the digestibility and on the fiber composition of the cut material. On average, the water soluble carbohydrate concentration of the leaf laminae was doubled in elevated CO2, whereas a 3°C temperature increase reduced this concentration by 25 %.

Growth Response Of Australian Temperate Pasture Species To Co2 Enrichment, T P. Bolger, J M. Lilley, R M. Gifford, J R. Donnelly

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Growth responses to a doubling of the atmospheric CO2 concentration for 15 species represented in temperate pastures of southern Australia were investigated in a glasshouse experiment. The final dry weight increase due to CO2 enrichment averaged 34% across species but varied widely. The variation in CO2 response was greater among species within botanical groups than it was among groups. The CO2 response of a number of ‘desirable’, but also a number of ‘undesirable’ species was greater than the mean response, suggesting that these species may increase their proportion in pastures as atmospheric CO2 rises. Our results do not support the …

Methane Production By Steers On Pasture, W P. Mccaughey, K Wittenberg, D Corrigan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grazing system, stocking rate and monensin controlled release capsule (CRC) administration were investigated to determine impacts on methane (CH4) production by steers grazing alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)/meadow bromegrass (Bromus biebersteinii Roem & Schult.)/Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski) pastures. Pasture treatments consisted of 2 replications each of two grazing systems (continuous stocking or 10-paddock rotational stocking) at each of two stocking rates (low, 1.1 steer ha-1 or high, 2.2 steers ha-1). Half of the animals in each pasture were administered a monensin CRC while untreated animals served as controls. During the grazing season, 1 steer per treatment …

Silage Production Possibility Of Sorghum Vulgare, S. Sudanense And Their Hybrid On The Second Crop Conditions Of Tokat-Turkey, U Büyükburç, Y Karadag, M Yildirim

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of the work was to determine biological characters of some fodder grasses (Sorghum, Sudangrass and their hybrid) under second crop condition of Tokat-Turkey with different N levels. The grasses were sown on 20-21 July 1994-1995 after harvesting the main crop of wheat, harvested at the end of October 28-29. Application of 40 - 80 - 120 kg/ha N fertilizer increased the plant height, fresh fodder, DM yield, CP contents in all plants. The hybrid showed the highest fresh and dry fodder yield (100.7 - 23.4 Mg/ha) at the high level of N. Leaf rate declined with use of …

Pfra Community Pastures- The Canadian Communal Grazing Experience And Multiple Values Of Public Grasslands, H R. Cook

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration (PFRA) Community Pastures origins are rooted in a climate catastrophe response that assembled initial areas of overgrazed native range and severely eroded cereal cropland in the Palliser Triangle into community pastures as a public conservation mechanism. Today this conservation system has grown to encompass 929,000 hectares in total that serve a multiple set of area objectives with important social, economic and ecological benefits. Management of these pastures has expanded considerably, necessitating close cooperation between local livestock producers, government agency staff and other users of the resource. Over the last half century a unique communal grazing …

Degradability And Fermentescibility According To Fiber Content In Low Quality Forages, A Dieng, A Buldgen, Ph Lecomte, K G. Toussaint

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The nylon bag technique and the gas-test method were compared with 6 different roughages representing a wide range of fiber contents in samples collected in the Senegalese Groundnut Basin. The results showed high correlation coefficients and low residual standard errors between the chemical composition of the roughages (mainly the acid detergent fiber fraction) and their degradability or fermentescibility. Reliable relationships between the two methods were also identified.

The Effects Of Two Levels Of Concentrates Supplying The Same Amount Of Protein On Silage Intake And Milk Production In Cows Given Two Grass Silages, H Khalili, P Huhtanen, K Rinne, M Suvitie

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this trial was to investigate the effects of two levels of concentrate (5 and 10 kg) supplying the same amount of protein on feed intake, milk production and rumen fermentation in cows given two different grass silages. The silages were ensiled either with a formic acid based additive (F) or with a mixture of acids and lignosulphonates (L). Fermentation quality and digestibility were better in F silage than in L silage. There were no significant differences between the silages in feed intake, milk yield and milk composition. Feeding F silage increased rumen ammonia concentration and molar proportion …

Nutritive Value Of Guineagrass Cultivars In The Winter As Influenced By Nitrogen Fertilization, N.F G. Rethman, W.A J. Steenekamp

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The monitoring of yield, structure and nutritive value of four Panicum maximum (Guineagrass) cultivars, utilized as standing hay in the winter, yielded valuable data on the relative importance of nitrogen fertilization and cultivar. While nitrogen had a strong influence on yield and crude protein content it was the differences between cultivars, with respect to soil adaptation and structure, which played a dominant role. It is recommended that future research place particular emphasis on the adaptation of cultivars and genotype differences in structure.

Chromolaena Odorata: A Multipurpose Shrub, S O. Apori

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Chromolaena odorata plant has been classified as a weed. A survey in farming communities in Ghana indicated that the plant is used to reduce fallowing period; improve soil fertility, as medicinal plant; as insect and rodent repellent for temporal storage of maize; and preservation of corpse for about 48 hours in rural Ghana. Studies on foliage of Chromolaena odorata regrowth at 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks showed that the leaves had crude protein content above 19%, average leaf to stem ratio of 2.1:1, and stem to leaf protein concentration ratio of 0.49. In-sacco degradability rate of dry matter, …

X-Ray Stereoscopic Radiographs Of Macropore Structures Formed By The Roots In Grassland Soils, K Sato, T Moroizumi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study was to examine the morphology of macropores with respect to drainage and water-retention in the root zones under grassland soils. Soil samples were taken in Japan, the U.K. and China. The structures of macropores were studied threedimensionally by examining the macropore morphology using Xrays and contrast media. The pore morphology studied in grassland soils indicate that the shapes of most macropores in drainage and water-retention pores were formed by roots. The pores formed by grass roots were found to play an important part in the macropore forms found in grassland soils.

Effects Of Forage Cover On Run-Off And Soil Losses In Different Productive Systems In Central Italy, A Pardini, G Argenti, G Pazzi, S Piemontese, P Talamucci

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A trial has been carried out for four years, in a hilly area of Central Italy, on five covers concerning three different productive systems: traditional system based on the rotation of Medicago sativa and barley; low input system based on permanent association of grasses and legumes; annual self-reseeding legumes used as cover crop in vineyard. The pasture had the higher run-off but also the lower soil erosion thanks to the high number of plants per square metre which were able to hold the soil particles. The inherbment of the vineyard prevented greater soil erosion commonly known in cultivated grooves.

Bio-Diversity Conservation And Natural Resource Regeneration Through Watershed Development At Jhansi, C R. Hazra

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Seven microwatersheds with an area of 5395 ha located at Kharaiya Nala Watershed (Jhansi) were fully treated with appropriate soil and water conservation measures. Barren village common lands consisting of 665 ha on ridges were fully rehabilitated through silvipasture. Treatment on watershed basis had a great impact in containing soil and run off water losses and improving agriculture and animal production. Development of common lands through soil and water conservation helped with faster ecological succession of grasses and regeneration of rootstocks resulted in bio-diversity conservation. Increased land and biomass productivity reflected on the socio-economic gains of the farmers including landless …

Black Locust Effects On Forage Yield And Nutritive Quality Produced On Reclaimed Mined Land, D C. Ditsch, M Collins, J H. Grove

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a rapidly growing, leguminous tree species often used to stabilize disturbed sites. The objectives of this study were to measure the effect of black locust populations on understory forage production and livestock nutritive quality on reclaimed surface mined land. In two out of three years, forage dry matter yields harvested under a population of 1368 trees ha-1 were not different than the clear cut treatment (all trees removed). Forage dry matter production was significantly reduced at populations of 2736 and 4145 trees ha-1 due to slow and limited regrowth following harvest. Forage nutritive …

New Approaches For Rehabilitating And Developing Fodder Production From Acid Mountain Soils In Nepal To Alleviate Poverty And Restore The Environment, D Pariyar, P Van Der Grinten

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The approach for the re-integration of degraded areas in the farming system demands methods that are simple, affordable and sustainable. Under the Hills Leasehold Forestry and Forage Development Project (HLFFDP) technologies were trialed for the establishment of pasture legume and nitrogen fixing trees on degraded leased sites. Agrisilvipastoralism (ASP) applied using minimum or zero tillage has considerable untapped potential for simultaneously alleviating poverty and restoring the environment in Nepal. Preliminary results presented here indicate that with the introduction of suitable improved forage species under the application of simple establishment techniques, degraded lands have the potential to produce considerable amounts of …

Coquia: An Operation For Forage Production, Manual Anaya-Garduno

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study was to show the potential of Coquia (Kochia scoparia L. Schrad var. esmeralda) as a good ooption for forage production in arid and semiarid zones of Mexico. This plant is drought resistant and it grows well in eroded soils. It can be a good complement in the ration of different animal species (bovines, ovines, caprines, rabbits and equines).

Role Of Pasturage Grass Roots For Soil Conservation- Soil Particle Holding Function With Pasturage Grass Roots, Hiroshi Kobayashi, Toshihiro Sugiura

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

With the latest advance of large-scale grassland establishment, grassland agriculture requires not only a high productivity of good quality forages for livestock but also effective of soil conservation. We must obviously study the physical effects of pasture cropping on the grassland soils. In this paper, we deal with the soil holding function of pasturage grass-roots as a part of studies on roots and grassland soil.

The results obtained are as follows : 1) Soil compact strength of perennial roots shows a high value. For example, in perennial roots of Tall fescue (F.arundenacea), its value is 70kg or more per one …

Management Of Acidifying Legume Based Pastures For Sustainable Production In Southern Australia, A M. Ridley, R E. White, R J. Simpson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A field experiment was used to determine nitrate leaching losses under perennial (Phalaris aquatica and Dactylis glomerata) and annual (Lolium rigidum) grass pastures under control and high N treatments. Previously published results and assumptions were made to extrapolate results to typical grazed pastures, and best bet practices to manage soil acidification were suggested. Nitrate leaching losses of approximately 14 and 28 kg N/ha/year were estimated for grazed perennial and annual pastures (equating to soil acid addition of 1 and 2 kmol H+/ha/year). Other sources of acid addition known to occur in this environment accounted for a …

Rhizobial And Nutritional Responses Of Desmanthus Clay Soils Of Queensland, N J. Brandon, R A. Date, R M. Jones, R L. Clem, G A. Bahnisch, P R. Spies, A Becerra, B A. Robertson, T.W G. Graham

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of these studies was to determine the reasons for chlorosis of desmanthus observed at some sites in southeast Queensland. Inoculation with Rhizobium increased growth of desmanthus in 2 of 4 soils in the field and 4 of 8 soils in pots. Greatest responses occurred in soils with few or no effective native Rhizobium. Most soils however, contained native strains that were effective. Omission of sulphur significantly reduced dry weight of desmanthus grown in pots in 5 of 7 soils by 30-51% relative to plants supplied with all nutrients. Omission of P and Mo resulted in similar yield reductions …

Biological Nitrogen Fixation In A Grass-Clover Pasture Grazed By Dairy Cows, F P. Vinther, K Søegaard, O Aaes

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study was to estimate the annual input of nitrogen through biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) to a grass-clover pasture (Lolium perenne L. - Trifolium repens L.) grazed by dairy cows. The input was estimated by combining measurements of BNF in non-grazed plots, BNF in urine affected plots and estimates of the proportion of the pasture affected by urine. Total BNF in non-grazed plot was 75 and 256 kg N ha-1 in 1994 and 1995, respectively. Urine affected BNF both by decreasing the proportion of clover and by decreasing the proportion of N derived from the atmosphere. The …

Phosphorus Requirements In Legumes: Calibration Of A Rapid And Simple Tissue Test, A Moron

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this research was to adjust and calibrate a phosphorus (P) tissue test to diagnose in a simple and rapid manner the nutritional status of commonly used legumes in Uruguay. Field experiments conducted during 1993-94 with four legumes, showed a significant yield response to increasing P fertilizer rates. A colorimetric sap analysis was used to determine P status in legumes. A strong relationship was found between P sap analysis and relative yields. A critical level of 90-100 μg P/ml in sap to attain 90% of the maximum yield was obtained.

Effect Of Nitrogen And Potash Fertilization On Dry Matter Yield And Mineral Composition Of Pangolagrass, J B. Andrade, C L. Justo, J.L. V. Coutinho, R M. Peres, E Ferrari Junior, V T. Paulino, W Henrique, J C. Werner, H B. Mattos

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The effect of nitrogen and potash fertilizations on dry matter and protein yields and chemical composition of pangolagrass (D. decumbens Stent.) was studied in a randomized block design with four replications using a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Nitrogen and potash were applied after each cut as an equivalent to 3 and 2% of dry matter (65°C) yield, respectively. There were great increases in dry matter and protein yields when nitrogen alone or combined with potash was used. Potash fertilization alone had no effect on the variables described above. Nitrogen fertilization improved forage pangolagrass composition, being particularly effective on crude …