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Creating More Equitable Opportunities In Early Childhood By Highlighting Parent Voice: A Qualitative Case Study, Julie Dawn Sill Dec 2022

Creating More Equitable Opportunities In Early Childhood By Highlighting Parent Voice: A Qualitative Case Study, Julie Dawn Sill

Teaching & Learning Theses & Dissertations

This qualitative, single embedded case study, framed on Bioecological Systems Theory, Adult Learning Theory, and a Family-Systems Intervention Model investigates the reasons parents and caregivers of young children enroll in and complete parent education classes during the birth to three-year period, as well as the supports that may contribute to positive early parent-child communication or the barriers that may prevent these interactions from occurring (Bronfenbrenner, 2005; Dunst & Trivette, 2009; Knowles et al., 2020). Convenience sampling was used to recruit adult participants from a community organization in the Southeastern USA whose mission was to improve the school readiness of its …


Family Writer's Workshop: A Case Study, Alisa Innes Dec 2022

Family Writer's Workshop: A Case Study, Alisa Innes

Teaching & Learning Theses & Dissertations

Today’s students need to be prepared for a successful future in our competitive world. Families and educators need to work together to provide children with a comprehensive literacy foundation. Currently, there are many school-based and community-based family literacy programs that are being implemented. While these programs are successful, they are missing a crucial component: writing intervention. Writing is a skill that our students will need for higher education and future careers.

The problem for this study was that research is lacking in regards to ways to assist parents who are interested in working on writing with their child outside of …


Teacher Perspectives On Formative Assessment Within A Primary Classroom, Dawn M. Macdonald Dec 2022

Teacher Perspectives On Formative Assessment Within A Primary Classroom, Dawn M. Macdonald

Teaching & Learning Theses & Dissertations

Research has acknowledged the importance of the beliefs of educators and how their beliefs have implications impacting their classroom practices (Clark, 1987; Doyle 1997; Zhou & Urhahne, 2018; Graham & Pajares, 1997). Teachers’ beliefs have been a significant topic for researchers due to the contribution they provide for the development of teaching and learning (Gilakjani & Sabouri, 2017). Above all, with increasing attention on teacher quality and effectiveness internationally there has been little research looking at the influences between teachers’ classroom practices and their judgments on student learning (Devine, Fahie, & McGillicudy, 2013).

Further research may benefit teachers who are …


Benefits Of Implementing Culturally Responsive Teaching In Latino Elementary Classrooms, Lisa Hernandez Dec 2022

Benefits Of Implementing Culturally Responsive Teaching In Latino Elementary Classrooms, Lisa Hernandez

Capstone Projects and Master's Theses

The benefits of implementing culturally responsive teaching strategies into the elementary classroom empowers students intellectually, socially, emotionally, and politically by using cultural references to impart knowledge and skills. Culturally responsive educators see themselves as part of a community of learners and desire to learn collaboratively. This capstone investigates the relationship between culturally responsive teaching and its effect on predominantly Latino elementary school students’ learning. Teachers who use culturally responsive teaching strategies see culture as an asset which can be used to enhance academic and social achievement. This study not only defines, but also highlights effective teaching strategies that reflect a …


The Benefits Of Implementing Sports And Exercise Psychology On Latino Students, Veronica Gomez Dec 2022

The Benefits Of Implementing Sports And Exercise Psychology On Latino Students, Veronica Gomez

Capstone Projects and Master's Theses

The benefits of sports and exercise psychology have extensively been researched and documented for over twenty years. Yet, a large section that targets Latino students is missing due to the lack of resources that prevent them from receiving them. This acts as barriers that incapacitate the Latino students. The purpose of this capstone is to examine the benefits of implementing sports and exercise psychology for Latino students. In other words, this capstone examines the impact that sports and exercise psychology could have on Latino students. Through extensive research, literature review, student surveys and teacher interviews, the findings reveal that only …


Increasing Self-Determination Skill Through Behavioral Skills Training For Individuals With Extensive Support Needs To Examine Reversible Contraceptive Choices., Jennifer Pollard Dec 2022

Increasing Self-Determination Skill Through Behavioral Skills Training For Individuals With Extensive Support Needs To Examine Reversible Contraceptive Choices., Jennifer Pollard

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

There is a long history of individuals with extensive support needs (ESN) being sterilized without their knowledge and consent. Students with ESN are defined as individuals who need continuous and widespread supports necessary for academic, communication, and/or daily living skills. These individuals typically have more than one diagnosis including a developmental disability (DD), intellectual disability (ID), and/or traumatic brain injury (Kurth et al., 2019; Taub et al., 2017). Part of the reason this is able to occur is due to a lack of education about sexual development and a lack of interventions to build skills related to self-determination or informed …


The Impacts Of Supporting Productive Struggle Teaching Practice On Students’ Conceptual Understanding, Procedural Fluency, And Strategic Competence: The Case Of Quadratic Functions, Sumeyra Karatas Dec 2022

The Impacts Of Supporting Productive Struggle Teaching Practice On Students’ Conceptual Understanding, Procedural Fluency, And Strategic Competence: The Case Of Quadratic Functions, Sumeyra Karatas

Theses and Dissertations

This quasi-experimental design study aimed to examine how exposure to supporting productive struggle teaching practice impacts students’ conceptual understanding, procedural fluency, and strategic competence when solving high-demanding quadratic functions problem solving tasks. Results suggested that students in the supporting productive struggle teaching practice group performed significantly better than students who received facilitated instruction in every three strands of mathematical proficiency (i.e., conceptual understanding, procedural fluency, and strategic competence). By examining the effectiveness of supporting productive struggle teaching practice, this study offers insight into the conceptions and strategies teachers can implement in their classrooms to improve students’ mathematical proficiency.


The Applicability Of Micro Learning Based On Historical Perspective, Hasan Hasan, Dedi Kuswandi, Zahid Zufar At Thaariq, Hutkemri Zulnaidi Nov 2022

The Applicability Of Micro Learning Based On Historical Perspective, Hasan Hasan, Dedi Kuswandi, Zahid Zufar At Thaariq, Hutkemri Zulnaidi

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

The focus on learner-centred learning approaches is a concern which needs to be facilitated as a matter of study. Microlearning has evolved in facilitating learners in short learning activities as viewed through history. This paper aims to review the application of microlearning historically. This narrative study uses deconstruction techniques with a historical research approach consisting of (1) heuristics, (2) verification, (3) interpretation, and (4) historiography. The study found that microlearning is a development of the concepts of microteaching and microcontent. This paper can be used as a reference in the development of microlearning as research and learning in the future.


Reflective Journal To Explore Instructional Practices In An Online Writing Class: Students’ Perspective, Yuniatri Intan Kusuma Ningrum, Niamika El Khoiri, Nova Ariyani, Nur Mukminatien Nov 2022

Reflective Journal To Explore Instructional Practices In An Online Writing Class: Students’ Perspective, Yuniatri Intan Kusuma Ningrum, Niamika El Khoiri, Nova Ariyani, Nur Mukminatien

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

This study explored reflective journals of Indonesian EFL undergraduate students aiming to investigate a teacher’s instructional practices in online writing classes. Using the narrative methodology, the data were collected from students’ reflective journals, recorded interviews, and a questionnaire. This study found that teachers’ instructional practices have assisted students during the learning process, for instance, the integration of technology has made students more engaged. This study also observed students’ challenges during online classes, such as the unsupportive learning environment—i.e. studying alone and household chores distraction. This study offers insight for teachers that students’ reflective journal helps evaluate the instructional practice and …


Remap-Gi: A Learning Model To Enhance Students’ Science Process Skills And Biology Cognitive Learning Outcomes, Ikramina Yusti Amina, Siti Zubaidah, Abdul Gofur, Azizul Ghofar Candra Wicaksono Nov 2022

Remap-Gi: A Learning Model To Enhance Students’ Science Process Skills And Biology Cognitive Learning Outcomes, Ikramina Yusti Amina, Siti Zubaidah, Abdul Gofur, Azizul Ghofar Candra Wicaksono

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the Remap-GI (Reading, Concept-Mapping, Group Investigation) learning model on students' cognitive learning outcomes and Science Process Skills (SPS). The Biology class at SMA Negeri 8 Malang was used as the research sample for the quasi-experimental research design over the course of 60 students in the 12th grade. This study used the blended learning-based Remap-GI learning model opposed to the GI (Group Investigation) learning model. SPS data were collected using non-test data (observation) and cognitive learning outcome variables in the form of multiple-choice questions. The Ancova test was used to …


Implementation Of Blended Learning In The Pademic Era Of Covid-19: The Effect Of Motivation On Learningoutcomes In Vocational School Students' Mechanical Engineering Drawing Subject, Tuwoso Tuwoso, Purnomo Purnomo, Abd Kadir Bin Mahamad Nov 2022

Implementation Of Blended Learning In The Pademic Era Of Covid-19: The Effect Of Motivation On Learningoutcomes In Vocational School Students' Mechanical Engineering Drawing Subject, Tuwoso Tuwoso, Purnomo Purnomo, Abd Kadir Bin Mahamad

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

The emergence of the COVID-19 virus has had a major impact on various sectors, one of which is the education sector. This greatly hampers the learning process for students, especially in SMK. As a middle ground, several vocational schools have implemented blended learning, which combines face-to-face learning with online learning. The application of blended learning in schools received a good response from teachers and students. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of motivation with student learning outcomes in the subject of Mechanical Engineering Drawing on the application of blended learning. Research method, this research is ex …


Indonesian Pre-Service English Teachers’ Teaching Anxiety In Teaching English For Occupational Purposes Classes, Reni Andriani, Adaninggar Septi Subekti Nov 2022

Indonesian Pre-Service English Teachers’ Teaching Anxiety In Teaching English For Occupational Purposes Classes, Reni Andriani, Adaninggar Septi Subekti

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

This study aims at investigating Indonesian pre-service English teachers’ Foreign Language Teaching Anxiety (FLTA) in teaching English for Occupational Purposes (EOP) classes and to explore the factors of FLTA. The participants were six pre-service English teachers. The study employed a qualitative design and used observations and interviews as the methods of data collection. The study found that pre- service teachers experienced anxiety when opening the class, when students asked questions, and when they had mispronunciation or forgot certain vocabulary. Through Thematic Analysis, the study also found five contributing factors to the participants’ teaching anxiety. These were perceived lack of EOP …


The Students’ Mathematics Learning Difficulties Analysis, Wahyu Purwaningsih, Haryanto Haryanto Nov 2022

The Students’ Mathematics Learning Difficulties Analysis, Wahyu Purwaningsih, Haryanto Haryanto

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

This study aims to describe, interpret, and analyze the PGSD UPY students’ difficulties in learning mathematics 2. The research type is a descriptive qualitative research. The research subjects are students and a mathematics lecturer of PGSD UPY. The data were gathered through interviews, observations, documentations, and tests. The data validity test was done by using triangulation of sources and techniques. Proprietary interactive analysis models (Miles, Huberman, & Saldana, 2014) were used to analyzed the data. The results show that there are some difficulties experienced by students in learning numberic system especially for fractions. The pretest and post test results show …


Writing A Critical Fantasy Short Story:The Development Of Foklore-Based Teaching Materials, Sutrisno Gustiraja Alfarizi, Yuni Pratiwi, Karkono Karkono Nov 2022

Writing A Critical Fantasy Short Story:The Development Of Foklore-Based Teaching Materials, Sutrisno Gustiraja Alfarizi, Yuni Pratiwi, Karkono Karkono

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

This research develops teaching materials for writing fantasy short story texts by utilizing Situbondo folklore as a background for writing while developing critical and creative responses to local culture. The research model used in developing this teaching material is ADDIE, developed by Branch in five stages of development. The validity of this teaching material was assessed by expert validators in the field of developing teaching materials, learning to write critical fantasy short stories, and Situbondo folklore, as well as Indonesian language teacher practitioner validators. The results show that the teaching materials are feasible and ready to be implemented. This study …


Strategi Kepala Sekolah Menengah Atas Dalam Memaknai Domain Keterampilan Era Revolusi Industri 4.0, Lina Lina, Nurul Ulfatin, Sultoni Sultoni Nov 2022

Strategi Kepala Sekolah Menengah Atas Dalam Memaknai Domain Keterampilan Era Revolusi Industri 4.0, Lina Lina, Nurul Ulfatin, Sultoni Sultoni

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

The purpose of this article is to identify the strategies of high school principals in interpreting the skill domains that high school students must possess in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era. This research uses a qualitative approach with a multi- case study design in one of the public and private high schools in Malang. The results show that the principal's strategy depends on the characteristics of the school. In private schools, the strategy begins with building a school management system; analyzing the relevance of the vision; adjust school programs in line with the vision; and increase collaboration with external parties. …


Bentuk Tindak Tutur Direktif Pemandu Wisata, Deri Wan Minto, Afri Yulidia, Rifka Zuwanda Nov 2022

Bentuk Tindak Tutur Direktif Pemandu Wisata, Deri Wan Minto, Afri Yulidia, Rifka Zuwanda

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

The number of complaints of tourist visitors who hear oblique comments from tour guides who are not friendly/polite in speaking to visitors is the basis for this important research. The aim of the research is to "analyze the forms of directive speech acts of tour guides in Pesisir Selatan, West Sumatra. This type of research is descriptive qualitative approach to descriptive analysis. Collection techniques through observation, recording. Data validation uses internal and external validity tests. Research results found 48 utterances. Based on the five non-directive speech data, the most dominant group suggested was 27 data (56.25%). Speech group that slightly …


Applying Question And Answer Relationship (Qar) Strategy To Enhance Critical Reading Skill Of Authentic Text, Jenny Elvinna Manurung, Nidal I A.M Jabar Nov 2022

Applying Question And Answer Relationship (Qar) Strategy To Enhance Critical Reading Skill Of Authentic Text, Jenny Elvinna Manurung, Nidal I A.M Jabar

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

This study examined the implementation of the Question and Answer Relationship (QAR) Strategy during the teaching-learning process to enhance the critical reading skill of authentic texts. The study employed classroom action research of fourth-semester students at Tridinanti University. It was implemented for three cycles involving four phases; planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The data were gathered using three different types of instruments, including interviews, observation, and tests of critical reading. The findings showed that students' critical reading achievement of authentic text increased for each cycle. The question categories of the QAR strategy could help the students in managing difficulties in …


Changes In Obstacles To Learning During The Covid-19 Pandemic For University Students And Recommended Solutions, Becky Williams, Sunshine L. Brosi Nov 2022

Changes In Obstacles To Learning During The Covid-19 Pandemic For University Students And Recommended Solutions, Becky Williams, Sunshine L. Brosi

Journal on Empowering Teaching Excellence

Access the online Pressbooks version of this article here.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused disruptions to student learning from K–12 to universities and continues to manifest negative effects on students. To better understand the challenges our students face and how those obstacles have changed since the COVID-19 pandemic began, we surveyed our undergraduate ecology students who ranked obstacles to learning they experience in technology, learning environment, and economic security. The majority of respondents report conditions have worsened since the onset of the pandemic. Surveys identified the largest challenges on average were being unfamiliar with technology, using a smartphone or tablet for …


Student Stories Of Online Learning, Carrie Lewis Miller, Michael Manderfeld Nov 2022

Student Stories Of Online Learning, Carrie Lewis Miller, Michael Manderfeld

Journal on Empowering Teaching Excellence

Access the online Pressbooks version of this article here.

Instructional designers at a Midwest university piloted a survey based on the Quality Matters general standards asking students about their online course experience prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Students were asked to indicate whether they experienced a specific course design element and whether they considered that element to be important to their learning experience. Follow-up interviews with some participants were also held. Data from the survey indicated students perceive their online course experience to be good based on course design elements they encountered. Implications for providing additional faculty development programming based …


Full Issue: Journal On Empowering Teaching Excellence, Volume 6, Issue 2, Fall 2022 Nov 2022

Full Issue: Journal On Empowering Teaching Excellence, Volume 6, Issue 2, Fall 2022

Journal on Empowering Teaching Excellence

The full-length Fall 2022 issue (Volume 6, Issue 2) of the Journal on Empowering Teaching Excellence

Access the online Pressbooks version (with downloadable EPUB format) here.

The Fall 2022 issue presents research and guidance on topics related to reflective practice and learning. The first article examines the impact of the SOAP Notes tool on teaching, learning, and instructor reflection. The second article provides guidance for faculty on how to collect, explain, and showcase their efforts in a teaching portfolio. Article three shares the findings of a student survey to identify students' experience with the design elements found in the Quality …


Examining Perceptions Of Good Leadership In Confucian Contexts: A Study Of South Korean University Faculty, Andrew Schenck Nov 2022

Examining Perceptions Of Good Leadership In Confucian Contexts: A Study Of South Korean University Faculty, Andrew Schenck

Journal of Educational Leadership in Action

Cultural values impact conceptions of good leadership, explaining why some Western-oriented leadership strategies appear to fail in Confucian contexts. To better understand how cultural values influence the process of leadership, the Vannsimpco Leadership survey was given to 291 Korean faculty members at a university in South Korea, along with 168 faculty members from an American university who served as a comparison group. Following the collection of 95 surveys (48 from Korean faculty and 47 from American faculty), factor analysis was used to evaluate respondents’ perceptions of leadership. Results suggested that Confucian values do indeed influence conceptions of leadership. As for …


Leadership Characteristics Of Senior Student Affairs Officers (Ssao): An Analysis Of Gender, Professional Preparation, And Experiences, Johnny A. Robinson, Ashley Tull, James C. Stoner Nov 2022

Leadership Characteristics Of Senior Student Affairs Officers (Ssao): An Analysis Of Gender, Professional Preparation, And Experiences, Johnny A. Robinson, Ashley Tull, James C. Stoner

Journal of Educational Leadership in Action

This quantitative study sought to closely examine the leadership behaviors of Senior Student Affairs Officers (SSAO) at four-year colleges and universities, which previous research had been limited. The researchers examined three forms of leadership (transformational, transactional, and laisse-fare) measured by the Multi-Factor Leadership Questionnaire while comparing SSAO demographic factors including gender, institutional type, educational level, experience and what (if any) relationships could be concluded. Surveys were sent to 3,361 individuals identified as Senior Student Affairs Officers, which yielded 494 responses. Some significant differences were found for study variables and other notable differences were consistent with what has been found previous …


An Analysis Of The Role Of Collaboration And Change In School Development, Daniel Farley, Jerry Johnson, Shane C. Shope Nov 2022

An Analysis Of The Role Of Collaboration And Change In School Development, Daniel Farley, Jerry Johnson, Shane C. Shope

Journal of Educational Leadership in Action

This retrospective case study captured the experiences and extrapolated insights from a school administrator tasked with developing a new school and program to meet the needs of a specialized student population. The resulting merged school, Day Academy, served a student population ranging from 20 to 25 students and a staff of 10-15. Attentive to the relevant literature, the case study results support recommendations for both professional practice and professional learning for administrators in all levels.


A Comparison Of Principal And School Counselor Self-Efficacy During The Pandemic: Lessons To Be Learned, Tara Hornor, Lee A. Westberry Nov 2022

A Comparison Of Principal And School Counselor Self-Efficacy During The Pandemic: Lessons To Be Learned, Tara Hornor, Lee A. Westberry

Journal of Educational Leadership in Action

The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine principal and school counselors’ experiences transitioning to virtual counseling during the COVID-19 pandemic, the factors influencing their sense of confidence, and successes and challenges associated with the transition to virtual educational environments. Study participants characterized the transition to virtual leadership and counseling as challenging and reported decreased self-efficacy levels. Participants identified three common salient categories of challenges associated with the transition to virtual work, including difficulty maintaining accountability, decreased work/life balance, and learning new technology. Principals reported experiencing more support and successes resulting from the transition to virtual leadership than school …


Two Sides To Every Story: Dual Experiences Of Work-Family Integration While Remote Teaching During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Sophie Gullett, Nancy L. Leech, Carolyn A. Haug Nov 2022

Two Sides To Every Story: Dual Experiences Of Work-Family Integration While Remote Teaching During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Sophie Gullett, Nancy L. Leech, Carolyn A. Haug

Journal of Educational Leadership in Action

The current study explores the experience of integrating work and family responsibilities while teaching remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic. Six hundred and sixty-one teachers with active teaching licenses responded to the survey about their experience of teaching remotely during the spring of 2020. Results indicate that there were two main experiences: while some teachers had a better balance between work and home life, others struggled more. Female teachers also reported lower quality of life and more negative experiences than male teachers. Additional supports are needed to help teachers balance home and work life, specifically related to managing childcare while teaching.


Spaces To (Re)Imagine Community Consciousness For Students In Detroit, Lakya Goss Nov 2022

Spaces To (Re)Imagine Community Consciousness For Students In Detroit, Lakya Goss

Michigan Reading Journal

Sustaining spaces that foster community consciousness inside and outside of traditional public school settings is important for school/community ties. African-centered education and community-centered learning spaces are two examples of spaces that foster community consciousness for students in Detroit.


Public School Administrator Perspectives Of Social Media Impacts On The Students They Serve, Alonzo Stotler Nov 2022

Public School Administrator Perspectives Of Social Media Impacts On The Students They Serve, Alonzo Stotler

Honors Projects

Interviews with high school administrators on the effects social media has on adolescents and schools.


Instructional Systems Design And The Diffusion And Adoption Of Technology: (Volume 1), Miguel Ramlatchan (Author & Editor), Mark Parsons (Author), Meghan Soldani (Author), Josie Joswick Mendoza (Author), Maria Satre (Author), Brittany Spitz (Author), Jasmine Bundy (Author), Amanda Kline (Author) Nov 2022

Instructional Systems Design And The Diffusion And Adoption Of Technology: (Volume 1), Miguel Ramlatchan (Author & Editor), Mark Parsons (Author), Meghan Soldani (Author), Josie Joswick Mendoza (Author), Maria Satre (Author), Brittany Spitz (Author), Jasmine Bundy (Author), Amanda Kline (Author)

Distance Learning Faculty & Staff Books

Instructional designers, instructional systems designers, and other educational technologists are, by their nature, innovators. These professionals apply and extend the applied science of learning, systems, communication, and instructional design theory to help students learn. Technology in some capacity is used to make the connections between subject matter experts, teachers, instructors, and their learners. It is common for instructional designers to seek new tools, techniques, and innovations for the improvement of learning, access, quality, and student satisfaction. However, the adoption and diffusion of new educational technology and innovation is a complex process that depends on many variables. Understanding these processes and …


Student And Faculty Preferences Regarding Instructional Modalities At An Hbcu Business School As A Result Of Covid-19 – A Change Management Approach And Mindset, Donald R. Andrews, Sung No, Kimberly K. Powell, Melanie Powell Rey, Ghrimay Ghebreyesus Nov 2022

Student And Faculty Preferences Regarding Instructional Modalities At An Hbcu Business School As A Result Of Covid-19 – A Change Management Approach And Mindset, Donald R. Andrews, Sung No, Kimberly K. Powell, Melanie Powell Rey, Ghrimay Ghebreyesus

Southwestern Business Administration Journal

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on the higher education community, especially the Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). At a micro-level, the HBCU business schools have felt the effects as well, particularly in critical areas such as instructional modalities and the overall classroom experience. Since COVID-19 has changed the educational game, what do key stakeholder groups now prefer regarding instructional modalities in the HBCU business school? This study will answer this question and more while incorporating a change management approach and mindset for leadership and decision-making.


Reviving Knowledges Through Play And Resistance: The Case Of Navajo Conceptions Of Space, Daniel Ness, Richard D. Sawyer Nov 2022

Reviving Knowledges Through Play And Resistance: The Case Of Navajo Conceptions Of Space, Daniel Ness, Richard D. Sawyer

Northwest Journal of Teacher Education

The authors explore a possible cause of epistemicidal predispositions of the dominant Eurocentric curricula. They posit that one way to determine a plausible contributing factor of this increasing devastation is to consider epistemicide through the lens of intellectual development. To do this, the authors examine parallel patterns of behavior in the domains of developmental and cognitive psychology. The authors then discuss an alternative framework to the Western conception of space within formal K-12 education by presenting the Navajo conception of space and play. Throughout the paper, the authors argue that all students—and especially those living in poverty in commercially constructed, …