Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Curriculum and Instruction

Institution
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 2371 - 2400 of 9820

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

A Hawaiian Heroine’S Journey: The Early Life And Career Of Dancer Jean Erdman Campbell, Diane B. Mcghee Jul 2022

A Hawaiian Heroine’S Journey: The Early Life And Career Of Dancer Jean Erdman Campbell, Diane B. Mcghee

Theses and Dissertations

This biographical study covers the early life and career of dancer, choreographer, and avant-garde theatre artist, Jean Erdman Campbell (1916-2020). Based on extensive research of historical literature and archival materials, the manuscript traces Erdman’s ancestry and follows the subject through age 32, when she became established as a star of modern dance and prepared for a world tour. The guiding question for this study was what influences shaped the life course, identity and artistry of Erdman, and how might the subject be presented as biography? The researcher examined the influences on Erdman as related to various dance traditions, especially Hawaiian …


Meaningful And Interactive Learning Experiences Provided Through A Learning Management System: An Action Research Study In Ninth Grade Advanced Placement Human Geography, Daniel Robert Plonski Jul 2022

Meaningful And Interactive Learning Experiences Provided Through A Learning Management System: An Action Research Study In Ninth Grade Advanced Placement Human Geography, Daniel Robert Plonski

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this mixed methods action research was to determine if increased interactive Schoology-based modules could alter learner perceptions concerning the lack of meaningful learning (learner-instructor, learner-learner, learner-content) in the culture unit of instruction in an Advanced Placement Human Geography (APHG) classroom. A series of instructional modules were facilitated through the learning management system (LMS) Schoology to students (n = 16) in APHG at a southeastern U.S. high school. The interactions were designed to enhance interaction based upon the criteria provided by Piaget’s (1981) social constructivist theory, specifically Moore and Kearsley’s (2011) systems approach and Miyazoe and Anderson’s (2010) …


More Than Recipes: Enriching A Campus Common Read With Historical Cookbooks, Kristen J. Nyitray, Christine Fena Jul 2022

More Than Recipes: Enriching A Campus Common Read With Historical Cookbooks, Kristen J. Nyitray, Christine Fena

Library Faculty Publications

In this case study, the authors describe a virtual event designed to enrich a campus common read with historical cookbooks. The program included an overview of the collection and a real-time activity to engage participants in virtually examining rare and unique Chinese cookbooks. A set of guiding questions emphasized primary source literacies including analyses of physical characteristics, contexts, content, and further research that can be conducted by consulting the collection. The virtual modality proved to be both a challenge and an opportunity, but the overall structure of the event - identifying a collection that relates to a larger campus initiative, …


Understanding The Priorities And Practices Of Rural Science Teachers: Implications For Designing Professional Learning, Kerri Wingert, Jennifer Jacobs, William Lindsay, Abraham S. Lo, Cari F. Herrmann-Abell, William R. Penuel Jul 2022

Understanding The Priorities And Practices Of Rural Science Teachers: Implications For Designing Professional Learning, Kerri Wingert, Jennifer Jacobs, William Lindsay, Abraham S. Lo, Cari F. Herrmann-Abell, William R. Penuel

The Rural Educator

In order to design professional learning that supports rural science teachers to effectively implement standards-based “five-dimensional” (5D) instructional and assessment practices, a critical first step is to elicit their perspectives, prior experiences, concerns, and interests. Based on survey data from 87 rural science teachers in Colorado, along with focus group sessions with 18 of those teachers, this article investigates teachers’ perspectives on what makes rural science teaching unique, the degree to which they use 5D science instruction, their curricular and assessment resources, and their professional learning experiences and preferences. Overall, rural science teachers in Colorado reported using rich practices for …


Validasi Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran Ppkn Berbasis Mobile Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Sosial Siswa Kelas Xi Sma, Fella Farikhatus Sholikhah, Triana Rejekiningsih, Leo Agung Sutimin Jun 2022

Validasi Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran Ppkn Berbasis Mobile Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Sosial Siswa Kelas Xi Sma, Fella Farikhatus Sholikhah, Triana Rejekiningsih, Leo Agung Sutimin

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

The purpose of the research is to develop and validate the product in form a mobile-based module on Civics subjects. This study adopt the ADDIE model development design (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). Validation and assessment from the validator, consist of: 1) validation from material experts obtained an average score of 3.72 qualified "Good"; 2) through media expert validation obtained an average score of 5.00 including the qualification "Very Good"; and 3) The total results obtained from the average score from the assessments of material experts and media experts related to the product being developed showed a result of …


Compatibility Of Learning Competency Achievement Indicators In Electronic School Book (Esb) Indonesian High School With Critical Thinking Aspects, Imam Safi’I, Ade Hikmat, Ade Eka Anggraini, Sobri Sobri Jun 2022

Compatibility Of Learning Competency Achievement Indicators In Electronic School Book (Esb) Indonesian High School With Critical Thinking Aspects, Imam Safi’I, Ade Hikmat, Ade Eka Anggraini, Sobri Sobri

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

The purpose of writing this article is to describe the level of conformity and diversity of development indicators of competency achievement in Indonesian high school BSE with critical thinking aspects emphasized by the Directorate. PSMA Directorate General of Primary and Secondary Education (2017). The method used in this research is content analysis. The research procedure used refers to Huberman & Saldaña (2018). The results showed that in the BSE class X there were 79 items, in class XI as many as 64, and in class XII as many as 55 items. The development of indicators of competency achievement in BSE …


Efektivitas Pembelajaran Stem Dengan Model Pjbl Terhadap Kreativitas Dan Pemahaman Konsep Ipa Siswa Sekolah Dasar, Indah Yulaikah, Sri Rahayu, Parlan Parlan Jun 2022

Efektivitas Pembelajaran Stem Dengan Model Pjbl Terhadap Kreativitas Dan Pemahaman Konsep Ipa Siswa Sekolah Dasar, Indah Yulaikah, Sri Rahayu, Parlan Parlan

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of STEM learning with the PjBL model on creativity and conceptual understanding of elementary school students. The Research design used in this study is a quasi-experimental design. The research subjects were 60 elementary school students who were divided into 2 homogeneous classes, consisting 30 students in the experimental class and 30 students in the experimental class. Students in the control class were taught by conventional methods and in the experimental class were taught by STEM learning with the PjBL model. Creativity data was taken with a creativity test instrument with a reliability of …


Beguru: Menggali Prinsip-Prinsip Penyiapan Sarana Dan Prasarana Pendidikan Dalam Kearifan Lokal Sasak, Lalu Sumardi, Dwi Wahyudiati Jun 2022

Beguru: Menggali Prinsip-Prinsip Penyiapan Sarana Dan Prasarana Pendidikan Dalam Kearifan Lokal Sasak, Lalu Sumardi, Dwi Wahyudiati

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

The purpose of this research is to explore the principles of beguru in preparing educational facilities and infrastructure. This study used a naturalistic approach with ethnograpi types. Data collection was done using ethnographic interview techniques. To maintain the validity of the data, triangulation of data sources and time is carried out. The collected data was analyzed using an interactive model which consists of three stages, namely; data condensation, data display, and conclusion. Based on the analysis technique found 3 principles of beguru in the preparation of educational facilities and infrastructure, namely; principles of comfort and tranquility, principles of availability and …


Global Issues Spanning Higher Education, Gary J. Burkholder, Erwin Krauskopf Jun 2022

Global Issues Spanning Higher Education, Gary J. Burkholder, Erwin Krauskopf

Higher Learning Research Communications

We are pleased to publish the first regular issue (Volume 12, Issue 1) of Higher Learning Research Communications (HLRC) for 2022. While the pandemic waxes and wanes, students in many parts of the world are returning or have returned to face-to-face instruction. It will take some time to fully understand the impact of the pandemic on higher education and what lasting changes will result from it. The Special Issue, Education Technologies and COVID-19: Experiences and Lessons learned, for which we are continuing to review manuscripts, should provide some insight into this question.This letter also contains article summaries.


Using Cognitive Coaching To Facilitate Instructional Reflection, Brooke Walczak Jun 2022

Using Cognitive Coaching To Facilitate Instructional Reflection, Brooke Walczak

Theses and Dissertations

Cognitive Coaching is a model (Costa & Garmston, 1985) designed to help teachers to become more self-directed in both their workplace and their lives. This single case study sought to analyze the effects of the Cognitive Coaching Model on instructional reflection. It also examined the coach's reflection on their strategies and how these strategies affected instructional reflection. One Reading Education graduate student conducted four coaching rounds with one veteran teacher who was teaching preschool for the first time. Data included video recordings, observational notes, Cognitive Coaching Self-Assessments, and researcher journals. This data was analyzed using a comparison/grounded theory that used …


Faculty Perspectives On Online Teaching In Higher Education: A Qualitative Approach To Understand Faculty Members’ Challenges And Experiences, Felix O. Quayson Jun 2022

Faculty Perspectives On Online Teaching In Higher Education: A Qualitative Approach To Understand Faculty Members’ Challenges And Experiences, Felix O. Quayson

Journal of Research Initiatives

This study explored faculty members' perspectives on online teaching in higher education and described, analyzed, and interpreted faculty members challenges and experiences of teaching online courses. Participants were twelve (12) faculty members who have taught online courses or currently teach online courses. Data was collected from 60-minutes semi-structured interview sessions, 78 open-ended questions, three research driving questions, background questionnaire, and personal artifacts from faculty members. Five major themes with subthemes, 15 code categories, and code co-occurrences emerged from the data collection, field notes, memos, and data analysis. However, not all of the code categories were replicated by all of the …


Writing Workshop And Creativity Despite Standardization: An Exploration Of Elementary Teachers' Practices, Darcie Kress, Matt Townsley Jun 2022

Writing Workshop And Creativity Despite Standardization: An Exploration Of Elementary Teachers' Practices, Darcie Kress, Matt Townsley

Journal of Research Initiatives

The focus on formulaic approaches to writing in today’s classrooms can be problematic, for it may inadvertently cause the quality of students’ writing to decline. The National Writing Project (NWP) provides teachers with professional development to learn how to effectively incorporate evidence-based practices into their writing instruction. The aim of this study was to explore the practices of three elementary teachers who received professional development training from the NWP. The researchers investigated how these teachers navigated the tension between creativity in a workshop approach and accountability for teaching the Common Core writing standards. Findings suggest participants navigated the standardization of …


Family Communication And Engagement With Digital Technology: Approaches And Strategies, Simone Elias, Edward Cromarty, Linda Wilson-Jones Jun 2022

Family Communication And Engagement With Digital Technology: Approaches And Strategies, Simone Elias, Edward Cromarty, Linda Wilson-Jones

Journal of Research Initiatives

This article discusses family engagement with digital technology in inclusive education focusing on the development of caring relationships, diversity of communication skills within family and educational communities, the integration of the classroom and home, and being a media mentor to families. It reviews research related to family engagement with media technology and seeks to provide a flexible guide which may be adapted to diverse environments to assist in developing technology-infused family engagement and communication strategies. The educational practices discussed consider the importance of the family in the technology hybridized classroom and consider socioeconomic, cultural, linguistic, and human diversity as factors …


Looking For Inclusivity In Higher Ed? Start In The Classroom!, Michelle C. Carpenter Jun 2022

Looking For Inclusivity In Higher Ed? Start In The Classroom!, Michelle C. Carpenter

Atlantic Marketing Journal

The rallying cry for inclusivity has never been greater in higher education. As professors look for ways to ensure all sociocultural perspectives are present in their course activities, lectures and discussions, many questions remain beginning with who should be addressing these issues as well as how exactly this might be accomplished. Increasingly more faculty are opening their classrooms to this discussion, even if diversity is not a required element of their course. Exit interviews conducted in Spring 2021 with senior marketing majors at a Mid Atlantic University provided an opportunity for students to share their perceptions about inclusivity and what …


Black Minds Matter: A Book Review, Johnnie L. Campbell Jr., M.Ed Jun 2022

Black Minds Matter: A Book Review, Johnnie L. Campbell Jr., M.Ed

Journal of Critical Scholarship on Higher Education and Student Affairs

The experiences of Black boys and men in education have sustained increased attention from various communities and throughout education. This increased attention is birthed from systemic issues that have remained pervasive throughout society. As a direct call to action of these issues, Black Minds Matter introduces us to pivotal and thought-provoking ways in which educators can best support and care for this population. This review expounds upon ways in which education might reimagine how we advocate and care for Black boys and men in the classroom. This review highlights the ways in which education has employed deficit-informed practices, harming Black …


Reimagining The Humanistic Tradition: Using Isocratic Philosophy, Ignatian Pedagogy, And Civic Engagement To Journey With Youth And Walk With The Excluded, Allen Brizee Jun 2022

Reimagining The Humanistic Tradition: Using Isocratic Philosophy, Ignatian Pedagogy, And Civic Engagement To Journey With Youth And Walk With The Excluded, Allen Brizee

Jesuit Higher Education: A Journal

The world is in a perilous place. Challenged by zealots, autocrats, a pandemic, and now a war in Europe, elected officials and their constituents no longer exchange ideas in a functioning public sphere, once a hallmark of the humanistic tradition. The timeliness of the Universal Apostolic Preferences (UAPs), therefore, is profound as they provide beacons of light for dark times. In this article, I trace Isocratic philosophy through Ignatian pedagogy and contemporary civic engagement to argue that we can use these three models to help us Journey with Youth and Walk with the Excluded. Key to this approach is a …


Obstacles Women And Historically Marginalized Racial And Ethnic Groups (Hmreg) Face In The Computer Science Field, Simone Elias, Edward Cromarty, Linda Wilson-Jones Jun 2022

Obstacles Women And Historically Marginalized Racial And Ethnic Groups (Hmreg) Face In The Computer Science Field, Simone Elias, Edward Cromarty, Linda Wilson-Jones

Journal of Research Initiatives

This article approaches the problem of underrepresentation of women and marginalized ethnic groups in the computer science fields from a developmental learning perspective. It proposes that systemic social barriers need to be addressed to overcome the bias toward women in the technological fields. The article surmises that even though stereotypes have changed in the past few decades, Gender Socialization which begins at birth and intensifies through adolescence contributes to inequalities of education, employment, and empowerment in adult life. It suggests that changing the educational paradigm beginning in early education, may result in more inclusive diverse perspectives, increase representation of women, …


Create Better Health Curriculum, Casey Coombs, Jaqueline Neid Jun 2022

Create Better Health Curriculum, Casey Coombs, Jaqueline Neid

All Current Publications

CBH is a comprehensive nutrition curriculum designed to teach adult SNAP-Ed participants how to eat well and be active on a budget. CBH combines nutrition and physical activity recommendations from United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Each lesson has three components: a nutrition topic based on the current Dietary Guidelines for Americans, a physical activity discussion based on USDA recommendations, and a Create recipe demonstration and sample. The components are woven together in eight lessons that are designed to keep participants engaged, while actively learning the skills needed to create a healthier lifestyle.


Forbidden Forests: Negotiating Censorship In Children's And Young Adult Literature During A New Era Of Conservatism In 2022 And Beyond, Avila Hendricks Jun 2022

Forbidden Forests: Negotiating Censorship In Children's And Young Adult Literature During A New Era Of Conservatism In 2022 And Beyond, Avila Hendricks

Title III Professional Development Reports

Harambee! In Swahili, “Harambee” means “All pull together!” The impetus for this report grew out of a unifying discussion with other 2022 Children's Literature Association (ChLA) conference attendees.These discussions led to the decision to “pull together” against the rise of “extreme” conservatism and the increase of banned books across the United States.

This report offers insight into some of the issues surrounding the increase in censorship in children's and young adult literature. It includes a brief review of the recently scrutinized book, Dear Martin by Nic Stone, and it concludes with some recommendations for negotiating censorship in conservative communities.


Aged 539 Internship Report, Kenny C. Saephan Jun 2022

Aged 539 Internship Report, Kenny C. Saephan

Agricultural Education: Graduate Internship Reports

This internship and project report includes documentation required in meeting the quality criteria for secondary-level programs of instruction in agriculture. The documents are concurrently used for the Agriculture Incentive Grant review process at Escalon High School conducted by representatives of the California Department of Education. The supporting material includes information to receive state and local funding, outline the goals and objectives of the program, along with an overview of Escalon High School, the agriculture program and the community.


Teachers' Experiences In Implementing Technology-Rich Curriculum For Student Achievement: A Phenomenological Study, Dorrothe Jean Jun 2022

Teachers' Experiences In Implementing Technology-Rich Curriculum For Student Achievement: A Phenomenological Study, Dorrothe Jean

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this phenomenological study is to describe how premillennial teachers at East Orange Public School (EOPS, a pseudonym) respond to technology-rich curriculum. Twelve elementary school premillennial teachers will participate in the study focused on one central research question and three sub-questions: (a) What is the lived experience of elementary teachers implementing technology-rich mathematics curriculum? (b)How do elementary school teachers perceive their preparedness for teaching in a classroom where technology-rich math curriculum has been implemented? (c)How do elementary school teachers describe their transitions from a premillennial curriculum to a millennial curriculum where it has been implemented? (d) How do …


Cybersecurity And You: Keeping Yourself And Your Personal Information Safe In A Digital Age, Ethan Castro Jun 2022

Cybersecurity And You: Keeping Yourself And Your Personal Information Safe In A Digital Age, Ethan Castro

Goal 2: Life Skills Narrative

Students will engage in a group discussion in which they define cybersecurity, analyze its impacts on the private and public sectors, and review some key cybersecurity practices that they can implement in their daily lives.


100% Say Writing Is Important To Their Work, But What Harm Does This Uncontroversial Finding Obscure? Early Results From A Survey Of Scientists And Technical Professionals About Writing And Communication, Sarah Read Jun 2022

100% Say Writing Is Important To Their Work, But What Harm Does This Uncontroversial Finding Obscure? Early Results From A Survey Of Scientists And Technical Professionals About Writing And Communication, Sarah Read

English Faculty Publications and Presentations

This paper explores preliminary results from an on-going IRB-approved online survey of workers in scientific, academic, technical and industrial contexts on their attitudes about and approaches to writing in their work. The survey collects samples of language use by scientists and technical professionals when talking about writing and communication in their work and careers in order to document how conventional, or regularized and non-controversial, their language choices are (i.e., “Successful writing is clear and concise”). Coding of survey responses for the construct of the Communication Metaphor reveals a multivalent complex of tacit beliefs, assumptions and learned practices that inform and …


Can Blended Learning Address Indian Academic Issues?, Vijay Joshi, Sukanta K. Baral Jun 2022

Can Blended Learning Address Indian Academic Issues?, Vijay Joshi, Sukanta K. Baral

International Review of Business and Economics

Over the years, India has implemented social reforms aimed at providing education to all. This is observed from the growth in GER (Gross Enrollment Ratio) over the years that has resulted in a decrease in the number of students absent in schools. Coronavirus, nonetheless, has disturbed this scenario and is testing the functions, efficiencies, and practices of India's schooling framework. This research paper, written for stakeholders in government, and the education sector, anticipate the extent to which there is a need of continuing the imparting of education. The main objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the …


Basic Concepts Of Structural Design For Architecture Students, Anahita Khodadadi Jun 2022

Basic Concepts Of Structural Design For Architecture Students, Anahita Khodadadi

PDXOpen: Open Educational Resources

This book aims to narrate fundamental concepts of structural design to architecture students such that they have minimum involvement with math problem-solving. Within this book, students learn about different types of loads, forces and vector addition, the concept of equilibrium, internal forces, geometrical and material properties of structural elements, and rules of thumb for estimating the proportion of some structural systems such as catenary cables and arches, trusses, and frame structures.

Please see the Open Textbook Library for faculty reviews of this textbook

Adopt/Adapt
If you are an instructor adopting or adapting this PDXOpen textbook, please help us understand your …


Revolutionary Critical Pedagogy And Critical Global Citizenship Education: A Conversation With Peter Mclaren, Peter Mclaren, Emiliano Bosio Jun 2022

Revolutionary Critical Pedagogy And Critical Global Citizenship Education: A Conversation With Peter Mclaren, Peter Mclaren, Emiliano Bosio

Education Faculty Articles and Research

This article presents a remarkable conversation on revolutionary critical pedagogy and critical global citizenship education between Peter McLaren, one of the leading scholars of contemporary critical pedagogy, and Emiliano Bosio, guest editor of Citizenship Teaching & Learning. McLaren’s copious work as a distinguished professor in critical studies at the Donna Ford Attallah College of Educational Studies (Chapman University), as co-director and international ambassador for Global Ethics and Social Justice (Paulo Freire Democratic Project), as co-founder of the Instituto McLaren de Pedagogía Crítica, Ensenada, and as Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) offers insights, perspectives, concerns …


Teacher Development Multi-Year Studies: Impact Of Covid-19 On Teaching Practices In Lao Pdr, Timor-Leste And Vanuatu: A Discussion Paper For Practitioners And Policymakers, Aris Huang, Debbie Wong, Elizabeth Cassity, Jennie Chainey Jun 2022

Teacher Development Multi-Year Studies: Impact Of Covid-19 On Teaching Practices In Lao Pdr, Timor-Leste And Vanuatu: A Discussion Paper For Practitioners And Policymakers, Aris Huang, Debbie Wong, Elizabeth Cassity, Jennie Chainey

Education Analytics Service

The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant disruptions to education systems around the world. Many governments responded abruptly, quickly closing schools and transitioning to home learning. This paper explores the impact of extended school closures due to COVID-19 on teaching and student learning in three countries – Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Laos), Timor-Leste and Vanuatu. This research extends the Australian Government’s Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT)’s multi-year Teacher Development Studies, which are commissioned under the Evaluation Analytics Service (EAS). This study series involves the investigation of DFAT-funded teacher development initiatives in Laos, Timor-Leste and Vanuatu to understand the extent to …


Literacy As A Civil Right In The Past, Present And Future: Disciplinary Literacies As An Act Of Advocacy, Liberation, And Community-Building, Rosalyn Shahid Ph.D, Melissa A. Brooks-Yip Jun 2022

Literacy As A Civil Right In The Past, Present And Future: Disciplinary Literacies As An Act Of Advocacy, Liberation, And Community-Building, Rosalyn Shahid Ph.D, Melissa A. Brooks-Yip

Language Arts Journal of Michigan

The Essential Instructional Practices for Disciplinary Literacy in the Secondary Classroom were presented to the educational community in 2016; in this article, we look back at history and ahead to classroom instruction to present the evolution of the purpose and practices of disciplinary literacies. By examining literacy as a civil right throughout history and the creation of the Essential Instructional Practices for Disciplinary Literacy, a path is revealed for educators to collaborate, differentiate professional learning, and implement classroom practices to engage students with content knowledge to foster real and relevant literacies for life.


Pushing Understanding: Curriculum Resources For Digital Pedagogues, M. Rubin Jun 2022

Pushing Understanding: Curriculum Resources For Digital Pedagogues, M. Rubin

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Whether one wishes to admit it or not, the classroom is a distinct and separate space from the rest of the world with its own rules, expectations, and environment. Even when a class takes place outside of a classroom, the space takes on the role of a classroom, if not outright becoming a classroom in every form aside from shape. This is not unlike, for instance, a tabletop game: even if not played on a literal tabletop, a tabletop game remains identifiable as such, and its rules and expectations remain the same, as does even its environment. A course may …


Building Constructive Interpersonal Communication Skills In Military Professionals: Generating A Culture Of Trust, April L. Baptiste Robertson May 2022

Building Constructive Interpersonal Communication Skills In Military Professionals: Generating A Culture Of Trust, April L. Baptiste Robertson

Critical and Creative Thinking Capstones Collection

Trust and open communication are interdependent and as a post 9/11 career Army leader, I have witnessed what appears to be the erosion of both within the military ranks. Military quality of life and mental health issues are on the rise, with compliance and prevention programs appearing to be less than impactful solutions. The resulting effects of which is a loss of trust and confidence in leadership. The research and findings presented within this synthesis strongly indicate that targeted training on interpersonal communication skills and counseling would simultaneously foster leader development and underpin a culture of trust and open communication. …