Digital Commons Network^™

Roberts V. United States, Lewis F. Powell Jr.

Supreme Court Case Files

No abstract provided.

Plea Bargaining And Trial Penalties: When May The State Legitimately Require Criminal Defendants To Surrender Their Trial Rights, Charles H. Clarke

Indiana Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Government By Judiciary, Philip B. Kurland

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

No abstract provided.

Disposition Of A Federal Criminal Case When Defendant Dies Pending Appeal, Lori R. Dickerman

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

This article discusses the way in which courts historically have disposed of such cases and the apparent change recently introduced by the United States Supreme Court. After an examination of the ramifications of the new and old rules, certain changes in current practice are recommended which will better serve the interests of the deceased, his survivors, and society as a whole.

The Role Of Appellate Court In Mandatory Sentencing Schemes, Larry I. Palmer

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Plea Bargaining Reexamined, Lynn M. Mather

Michigan Law Review

A Review of Plea Bargaining: The Experiences of Prosecutors, Judges, and Defense Attorneys by Milton Heumann

Book Review: H. Fingarette & A. Fingarette Hasse, Mental Disabilities And Criminal Responsibilities, John Q. La Fond

Seattle University Law Review

Whether mental illness and related impairments in the human psyche should affect an individual's criminal responsibilityfor law-breaking behavior has always provoked intense andwide-ranging debate. This debate clearly reflects society's lack of consensus concerning the appropriateness and scope of considering mental impairment in assessing individual criminal responsiblility. Thus, it is not unexpected that recently proposals to abolish the insanity defense have been seriously suggested or that noted scholars have urged society to place the disposition of mentally ill offenders in the exclusive hands of experts. That this heated discussion continues unabated should come as no surprise, since legal doctrines which excuse …

State Legislators, Speech Or Debate, And The Search For Truth, Gary L. Starkmen

Loyola University Chicago Law Journal

No abstract provided.

The Revision Of Virginia's Juvenile Court Law, Lelia Baum Hopper, Frank M. Slayton

University of Richmond Law Review

Since 1899, the year in which the state of Illinois established a separate statutory framework for addressing the problems of children before the courts, the juvenile justice system has been struggling to establish its identity in the jurisprudence of the United States. The juvenile court laws of this country, including those of the Commonwealth of Virginia, have historically been based on the doctrine of "parens patriae", which is formally defined as the "sovereign power of guardianship over persons under disability."' According to this doctrine, the state, through the court system, can be trusted to fulfill its obligation with respect to …

A Defense Of The Exclusionary Rule, Yale Kamisar

Articles

The exclusionary rule is being flayed with increasing vigor by a number of unrelated sources and with a variety of arguments. Some critics find it unworkable and resort to empirically based arguments. Others see it as the product of a belated and unwarranted judicial interpretation. Still others, uncertain whether the rule works, are confident that in some fashion law enforcement's hands are tied. Professor Yale Kamisar, long a defender of the exclusionary rule, reviews the current attacks on the rule and offers a vigorous rebuttal. He finds it difficult to accept that there is a line for acceptable police conduct …

Addington V. Texas, Lewis F. Powell Jr.

Supreme Court Case Files

No abstract provided.

Survey Of Literature On Discovery From 1970 To The Present: Expressed Dissatisfactions And Proposed Reforms, Daniel Segal

Federal Judicial Center Reports

Eight years have passed since the last major revision of the discovery provisions of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. During those years, there has been a substantial amount of writing on the discovery rules. While much of it has been aimed at helping practitioners understand the rules, a large portion has been critical in nature, examining how well the rules are functioning, isolating their problem areas and making suggestions for reform. It was the purpose of the study on which this Report is based to survey and analyze that critical literature. The Report's first section sets out in detail …

Young Adults As A Cognizable Group In Jury Selection, Donald H. Zeigler

Michigan Law Review

In support of its thesis, this Article presents what the literature has failed to provide: a comprehensive analysis of the concept of cognizability and empirical data. Part I traces the history of cognizability; identifies the sources of the cross-sectional right; and defines the criteria of cognizability, drawing special attention to the interests which a designation of cognizability protects. Part I also discusses the different approaches courts have taken to cognizability and suggests several factors which may explain the many treatments of the concept.

Part II reviews the case law concerning the cognizability of young adults in particular. That Part also …

The Proposed Federal Rules Of Evidence: Of Privileges And The Division Of Rule-Making Power, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

This Note proposes that the lower federal courts accord the same binding authority to the Proposed Rules that they give those judicially promulgated procedural rules, such as the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, that have been implicitly approved by Congress.

Part I of the Note analyzes the constitutional division of the rule-making power by examining both the policy considerations involved and the relevant constitutional language and doctrines. That examination indicates that the power to establish such rules is shared by Congress and the Supreme Court. To determine when that power is appropriately exercised by one branch rather than the other, …

The Evolution Of State Supreme Courts, Robert A. Kagan, Bliss Cartwright, Lawrence M. Friedman, Stanton Wheeler

Michigan Law Review

Part I of this Article describes in broad quantitative terms the changing relationship between the caseload of supreme courts and the population of the states in which these courts sit. Part II examines the various means states used to control supreme court caseloads, the political problems involved, and the types of courts that have resulted. Part III presents evidence that changes in court organization in response to caseload pressure are accompanied by changes in the kinds of cases state supreme courts hear, the style of their opinions, and the results of the cases.

The Trial Transcript—An Unnecessary Roadblock To Expeditious Appellate Review, William H. Erickson

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

A number of innovations have been made in the appellate process which expedite appeals and tend to eliminate the need for a trial transcript. The American Bar Association Standards Relating to Judicial Administration and Standards Relating to Criminal Justice have provided the procedural means for improving our entire system of criminal justice. This article explores some innovations in the appellate process which eliminate the need for a complete record on appeal and discusses the various means to obtain a record of the proceeding in the trial court.

Judicial Power—The Inherent Power Of The Courts To Compel Funding For Their Own Needs—In Re Juvenile Director, 87 Wn. 2d 232, 552 P.2d 163 (1976), John C. Taggart

Washington Law Review

In 1975, the superior court of Lincoln County, Washington, proposed that the salary of its director of juvenile services be raised by $125 per month.' The Lincoln County Board of Commissioners rejected the increase and refused to honor the subsequent order to pay it. At the show cause hearing before the Lincoln County superior court, the trial judge held that because the superior court had authority to appoint the director, it also had the inherent power to agree with him on compensation. Consequently, R.C.W. § 13.04.040, granting to the board the power to determine the director's salary, was held to …

A Trial Court Working With Rule 1100, Merna B. Marshall, Joseph H. Reiter

Villanova Law Review (1956 - )

No abstract provided.

Changing The Public Drunkenness Laws: The Impact Of Decriminalization, David Aaronson

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

Laws that decriminalize public drunkenness continue to use the police as the major intake agent for public inebriates under the "new" public health model of detoxification and treatment. Assuming that decriminalization introduces many disincentives to police intervention using legally sanctioned procedures, we hypothesize that it will be fol- lowed by a statistically significant decline in the number of public inebriates formally handled by the police in the manner designated by the "law in the books." Using an "interrupted time-series quasi- experiment" based on a "stratified multiple-group single-I design," we confirm this hypothesis for Washington, D.C., and Minneapolis, Minnesota. However, through …

Brewer V. Williams, Massiah And Miranda: What Is 'Interrogation'? When Does It Matter?, Yale Kamisar

Articles

On Christmas Eve, 1968, a ten-year-old girl, Pamela Powers, disappeared while with her family in Des Moines, Iowa.2 Defendant Williams, an escapee from a mental institution and a deeply religious person, 3 was suspected of murdering her, and a warrant was issued for his arrest.4 Williams telephoned a Des Moines lawyer, McKnight, and on his advice surrendered himself to the Davenport, Iowa, police.5 Captain Learning and another Des Moines police officer arranged to drive the 160 miles to Davenport, pick up Williams, and return him directly to Des Moines. 6 Both the trial court 7 and the federal district court8 …

Sentencing In Indiana: Appellate Review Of The Trial Court's Discretion, John Eric Smithburn

Journal Articles

Two significant developments, legislative and judicial, have taken place in Indiana criminal law in recent months which may offer an effective response to the problem of unguided discretionary sentencing. The Indiana Penal Code has been revised to require that the trial court, before sentencing a convicted felon, conduct a separate hearing for the purpose of determining the appropriate sentence and to make a record of the hearing which must include a statement of the court's reasons for selecting the sentence imposed. The General Assembly has also provided specific directives which the trial court must consider in determining a proper sentence …

Juvenile Court Jurisdiction Over Noncriminal Misbehavior: The Argument Against Abolition, John Dewitt Gregory

Hofstra Law Faculty Scholarship

During the last decade and a half, there has been significant recognition of the legal rights of children and increasing attention to the law governing those rights. In addition to voluminous law review literature and treatment in texts, the United States Supreme Court, lower federal courts, and the state courts have addressed issues relating to children's rights in an expanding number of cases. Among the areas that the courts have scrutinized are children's freedom of expression under the first amendment of the Constitution of the United States, hearing requirements before a student may be suspended from a public school or …

Crisis In The Courts: Proposals For Change, Griffin B. Bell

Vanderbilt Law Review

The popular conception of the crisis in the courts focuses upon the condition of the courts and particularly upon the increasing volume of disputes that are presented for resolution. For example,Judge Ruggero J. Aldisert of the Third Circuit, one of the busiest federal circuits, has observed: "The reality is that today there is a mad rush to the Federal courts." The available statistics reflect Judge Aldisert's observation. For instance, according to the most recent report of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, record numbers of cases have been filed in the circuit and district courts during the past …

Urban Politics And The Criminal Courts, Milton Heumann

Michigan Law Review

A Review of Urban Politics and the Criminal Courts by Martin A. Levin

A Reconsideration Of The Sworn Testimony Requirement: Securing Truth In The Twentieth Century, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

The purpose of this Note is relatively modest-to explore whether the traditional uncritical confidence placed in the sworn nature of testimony is justified in light of twentieth-century practice. As such, its intention is not to propose legal reforms, but rather to invite its readers to pause and reconsider a ritual too often taken for granted by the legal profession. To this end, this Note will examine the following factors influencing the character of the oath in modern times: the common-law and religious roots of the oath, the rise of nonreligious affirmation within the last century, the relationship between the oath …

The Jury's Role Under The Indiana Constitution, Carolyn White Spengler

Indiana Law Journal

No abstract provided.

The Standards' Recommendations On Dispositions: A Panel Discussion, Stanley Z. Fisher, Howard A. Levine, Fred Cohen

Faculty Scholarship

ROFESSOR STANLEY FISHER, MODERATOR: Good evening. I'd like to welcome you all here. Of all of the volumes of the Juvenile Justice Standards Project, I suppose the most controversial are those dealing with the disposition stage. They have elicited a good deal of critical comment, even though they haven't yet been published, and many of the comments and criticisms have apparently been on the basis of speculation and rumor as to what the Standards actually say. We have with us tonight to discuss these Standards two persons who have a great deal of expertise in this field. The first, on …

Men Who Know They Are Watched: Some Benefits And Costs Of Jailing For Nonpayment Of Support, David L. Chambers

Articles

Suppose that by some mysterious process the police in your town received each Monday a list of all the robberies and burglaries committed during the preceding week and the names of the persons who committed them. Suppose further that the list itself was admissible in evidence at trial and generally led to conviction. And suppose finally that persons considering committing offenses knew that the police had such a list and used it, relentlessly tracking down the miscreants named on it. Under such circumstances, one would probably expect that many potential offenders in the town with the magical list would resist …

Using A Prediction Model In Forecasting Appeals, Paul A. Rake

IUSTITIA

Following the 1972 reorganization of the Indiana Court of Appeals into three panels serving defined geographical districts, the Court soon found itself floundering with too many unevenly distributed cases. Lacking a sufficient base of statistical data from which to formulate a plan to cope with the problem, various proposals, including redistricting the court, adding more judges, and developing a more sophisticated staff research, could not be measured for effectiveness or advisability.

In response to these problems, the Court developed a project to deal with the future caseload by constructing a regression model to predict appeals. This model generated estimates of …

Punitive Conditions Of Prison Confinement: An Analysis Of Pugh V. Locke And Federal Court Supervision Of State Penal Administration Under The Eighth Amendment, Ira P. Robbins, Michael B. Buser

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

No abstract provided.