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Advance Toward "People's Court" In South Korea, Yong Chul Park
Advance Toward "People's Court" In South Korea, Yong Chul Park
Washington International Law Journal
Since 2008, criminal jury trials have been implemented in South Korea with the Citizen Participation in Criminal Trials Act. Under the Act, defendants have the option to choose a jury trial over a bench trial, although jury verdicts, as well as sentencing opinions rendered by a jury, are not binding on the court pursuant to Article 46(2) of the Act. While Korea’s adoption of a criminal jury trial was an ambitious move toward judicial reform, it has faced serious obstacles and has had limited influence over the Korean judicial system. In this Article, I use the five stages of planned …
Judges, Racism, And The Problem Of Actual Innocence, Stephen J. Fortunato Jr.
Judges, Racism, And The Problem Of Actual Innocence, Stephen J. Fortunato Jr.
Maine Law Review
The facts and data are in and the conclusion they compel is bleak: the American criminal justice system and its showpiece, the criminal trial, harbor at their core a systemic racism. For decades, criminologists, law professors, sociologists, government statisticians, and others have been collecting and collating data on crime, punishment, and incarceration in the United States. These intrepid scholars have looked at crime, criminals, and the justice system from all angles—the race of defendants and victims; the relationship of poverty to criminality; severity of crime; severity of punishment; incarceration rates for different racial groups; sentencing and sentence disparities; and so …
When The Court Speaks: Effective Communication As A Part Of Judging, Daniel E. Wathen
When The Court Speaks: Effective Communication As A Part Of Judging, Daniel E. Wathen
Maine Law Review
One of my early judicial role models, Justice James L. Reid of the Maine Superior Court, was sentencing a defendant for a murder committed within the confines of the Maine State Prison. The defendant was already serving a life sentence for another murder at the time the offense was committed. Because Maine has no parole or capital punishment, the sentencing options were limited and ultimately meaningless. As Jim imposed a life sentence consecutive to the existing life sentence, the defendant rose in his manacles and uttered an early Anglo-Saxon version of “screw you.” Jim, rising from the bench and moving …
Defense Counsel And Public Defence, Eve Brensike Primus
Defense Counsel And Public Defence, Eve Brensike Primus
Book Chapters
Public-defense delivery systems nationwide are grossly inadequate. Public defenders are forced to handle caseloads that no one could effectively manage. They often have no funding for investigation or expert assistance. They aren’t adequately trained, and there is little to no oversight of their work. In many jurisdictions, the public-defense function is not sufficiently independent of the judiciary or the elected branches to allow for zealous representation. The result is an assembly line into prison, mostly for poor people of color, with little check on the reliability or fairness of the process. Innocent people are convicted, precious resources are wasted, and …
Improving Access To Justice In State Courts With Platform Technology, J. J. Prescott
Improving Access To Justice In State Courts With Platform Technology, J. J. Prescott
Articles
Access to justice often equates to access to state courts, and for millions of Americans, using state courts to resolve their disputes—often with the government—is a real challenge. Reforms are regularly proposed in the hopes of improving the situation (e.g., better legal aid), but until recently a significant part of the problem has been structural. Using state courts today for all but the simplest of legal transactions entails at the very least traveling to a courthouse and meeting with a decision maker in person and in a one-on-one setting. Even minimally effective access, therefore, requires time, transportation, and very often …
Improving Access To Justice In State Courts With Platform Technology, J.J. Prescott
Improving Access To Justice In State Courts With Platform Technology, J.J. Prescott
Vanderbilt Law Review
Access to justice often equates to access to state courts, and for millions of Americans, using state courts to resolve their disputes-often with the government-is a real challenge. Reforms are regularly proposed in the hopes of improving the situation (e.g., better legal aid), but until recently a significant part of the problem has been structural. Using state courts today for all but the simplest of legal transactions entails at the very least traveling to a courthouse and meeting with a decision maker in person and in a one-on-one setting. Even minimally effective access, therefore, requires time, transportation, and very often …
The Road To A Constitutional Convention: Reforming The New York State Unified Court System And Expanding Access To Civil Justice, Jonathan Lippman
The Road To A Constitutional Convention: Reforming The New York State Unified Court System And Expanding Access To Civil Justice, Jonathan Lippman
Pace Law Review
This article will focus on the judiciary reforms and access to justice—starting with reforms to the structure of the Unified Court System and discussing other ways that a constitutional convention might serve to improve the operation of the courts. The article will then explore the state’s deficiency in providing its low-income citizens access to justice in civil matters relating to housing, family safety and security, and subsistence income, and how a convention can highlight these issues.
Funding Justice: The Budget Of The Maine Judicial Branch-We Did Get There From Here, Leigh I. Saufley
Funding Justice: The Budget Of The Maine Judicial Branch-We Did Get There From Here, Leigh I. Saufley
Maine Law Review
The budget for the administration of justice in the State of Maine is a study in contrasts. During the last two decades, the lack of sufficient dollars appropriated to Maine Judicial Branch and the impact that this underfunding has had on people seeking access to justice have created consistent concerns for leaders in the Judicial Branch as well as for those in the Executive and Legislative Branches. Despite these challenges, however, the administrative structure of the Maine Judicial Branch stands as a model for states across the country. Understanding the genesis of this contrast will be critical to planning for …
The Impact Of The Current Economy On Access To Justice, Kathleen A. Mckee
The Impact Of The Current Economy On Access To Justice, Kathleen A. Mckee
Maine Law Review
The adequacy of access to justice in the American legal system is not a newly emergent issue. Discussion acknowledging this right dates back to colonial times. For example, in 1932, the United States Supreme Court noted in the case of Powell v. Alabama that the right to counsel in criminal proceedings can be traced back to colonial times in America. The Court remarked that the right to be heard must encompass the right to be heard by counsel if it is to be meaningful. In the ongoing dialogue on this issue, primacy has been given to the right of criminal …
Reflections Of An Access To Justice Chair, Kermit V. Lipez
Reflections Of An Access To Justice Chair, Kermit V. Lipez
Maine Law Review
From January 2001 to January 2008, I had the privilege of serving as the Chair of Maine’s Justice Action Group. In the legal services world, the Justice Action Group is known as an “Access to Justice” entity. Most states have such entities. Although the missions of these entities may vary somewhat from state to state, they share the same general goals—to increase the resources available to the organizations providing free or reduced fee legal services to low income, disadvantaged, and elderly citizens, and to maximize the use of these resources through coordinated efforts. In Maine, the Justice Action Group, or …
The World Is Round: Why We Must Assure Equal Access To Civil Justice, Jon D. Levy
The World Is Round: Why We Must Assure Equal Access To Civil Justice, Jon D. Levy
Maine Law Review
In 1972, the astronauts of Apollo 17, NASA’s final manned-mission to the Moon, took a photograph of the entire hemisphere of Earth. The photograph shows the continents of Africa and Antarctica in hues of red and brown, surrounded by the vibrant blue oceans and topped by swirling white clouds. It has become an iconic image. Studying the Earth from afar, Eugene Cernan, Apollo 17’s commander, reported to the Houston command center with just a touch of irony: “We’re not the first to discover this, but we’d like to confirm, from the crew of Apollo 17, that the world is round.” …
A Foundation Upon Which Justice Is Built: The Chicago Bar Foundation's Innovations To Improve Access To Justice During Tough Economic Times, Danielle Elyce Hirsch
A Foundation Upon Which Justice Is Built: The Chicago Bar Foundation's Innovations To Improve Access To Justice During Tough Economic Times, Danielle Elyce Hirsch
Maine Law Review
“Equal justice for all” is one of the United States’ most proudly proclaimed principles, embellished on courthouse entrances and regularly cited in constitutional decisions. The Illinois Constitution also contains a strong commitment to equal and unimpeded access to our legal system for all of our citizens: “Every person shall find a certain remedy in the laws for all injuries and wrongs which he receives to his person, privacy, property or reputation. He shall obtain justice by law, freely, completely and promptly.” Notwithstanding these constitutional principles, a large number of people with urgent and important issues at stake—such as the custody …
Introduction: Accessing Justice-Its Past, Present, And Future, Frank M. Coffin
Introduction: Accessing Justice-Its Past, Present, And Future, Frank M. Coffin
Maine Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Legacy Of Judge Frank M. Coffin, Peter R. Pitegoff
The Legacy Of Judge Frank M. Coffin, Peter R. Pitegoff
Maine Law Review
Judge Coffin had adopted the University of Maine School of Law as if it were his own. He was a committed friend to the Law School and served on the advisory Board of Visitors for almost two decades. Like so many others, I felt his keen personal commitment as well, with his periodic calls and visits, his steady counsel and encouragement. Before arriving in Maine, I had known of Judge Coffin. Little did I anticipate that he would so enrich my experience as Dean at Maine Law. He remains a role model to so many of our graduates and leaves …
Leveraging Academic Law Libraries To Expand Access To Justice, Paul Jerome Mclaughlin Jr.
Leveraging Academic Law Libraries To Expand Access To Justice, Paul Jerome Mclaughlin Jr.
Library Faculty Publications
Academic law libraries are in a unique position to help citizens gain access to the court system and legal information. By creating clinics that focus on helping pro se patrons find and complete legal forms, academic law libraries would not only benefit their schools but also the justice system.
The Five Stages Of Lgbtq Discrimination And Its Effects On Mass Incarceration, Michael D. Braunstein
The Five Stages Of Lgbtq Discrimination And Its Effects On Mass Incarceration, Michael D. Braunstein
University of Miami Race & Social Justice Law Review
Although the Supreme Court’s recent decision in Obergefell v. Hodges provided some indication of equality for members of the LBGTQ community, the sad truth is that discrimination against those who do not identify as “heterosexual” reaches far deeper than the right to marry. This discrimination is especially present with regards to biased treatment by law enforcement officers and a lack of accommodations or protections within the court and prison systems. In a nation that has seen various groups of people fight for and earn their equality over and over again, it is truly concerning that the LGBTQ community is still …
Injustice Under Law: Perpetuating And Criminalizing Poverty Through The Courts, Judge Lisa Foster
Injustice Under Law: Perpetuating And Criminalizing Poverty Through The Courts, Judge Lisa Foster
Georgia State University Law Review
Money matters in the justice system. If you can afford to purchase your freedom pretrial, if you can afford to immediately pay fines and fees for minor traffic offenses and municipal code violations, if you can afford to hire an attorney, your experience of the justice system both procedurally and substantively will be qualitatively different than the experience of someone who is poor. More disturbingly, through a variety of policies and practices—some of them blatantly unconstitutional—our courts are perpetuating and criminalizing poverty. And when we talk about poverty in the United States, we are still talking about race, ethnicity, and …
Factors In Fairness And Emotion In Online Case Resolution Systems, Youyang Hou, Cliff Lampe, Maximilian Bulinski, J. J. Prescott
Factors In Fairness And Emotion In Online Case Resolution Systems, Youyang Hou, Cliff Lampe, Maximilian Bulinski, J. J. Prescott
Articles
Courts are increasingly adopting online information and communication technology, creating a need to consider the potential consequences of these tools for the justice system. Using survey responses from 209 litigants who had recently used an online case resolution system, we investigate factors that influenced litigants’ experiences of fairness and emotional feelings toward court officials. Our results show that ease of using the online case resolution system, the outcome of the case, and a litigant’s perceptions of procedural justice are positively associated both with whether the litigant views the process as fair and whether the litigant ultimately feels positive emotions toward …
Preservation: What Is It Good For?, Yuval Simchi-Levi
Preservation: What Is It Good For?, Yuval Simchi-Levi
Pace Law Review
The Article proceeds as follows: in Part A, the preservation doctrine is defined. In Part B, the history of the preservation doctrine is described. In Part C, there is an explanation as to the purpose of preservation. In Part D, there is a description of the appellate process in New York. In Part E, the statutory rules of the New York Court of Appeals are described. In Part F, there is a description of how the rules of preservation have loosened in New York since 2009. In Part G, there is a statistical analysis of the consequences of loosening the …
Uncaring Justice: Why Jacque V. Steenberg Homes Was Wrongly Decided, John Makdisi
Uncaring Justice: Why Jacque V. Steenberg Homes Was Wrongly Decided, John Makdisi
Journal of Catholic Legal Studies
No abstract provided.
Contesting Victimhood: A Linguistic And Legal Anthropological Analysis Of Defendant Experiences In New York’S Human Trafficking Intervention Courts, Mark T. Romig
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Human Trafficking Intervention Courts (HTICs) have been operating in New York City in an effort to connect victims of human trafficking to treatment programs. Unfortunately, the net that the courts cast was too wide and people who did not identify as victims of human trafficking were coerced into treatment programs that they did not need or want. Through textual discourse analysis and ethnographic observation, this paper explores the contestation of victimhood in HTICs by focusing on the experiences of defendants and how they are perceived by the police, judges, and other agents of the HTICs. Before entering the HTICs, defendants …
Online Dispute Resolution: Stinky, Repugnant, Or Drab, Robert J. Condlin
Online Dispute Resolution: Stinky, Repugnant, Or Drab, Robert J. Condlin
Cardozo Journal of Conflict Resolution
In Part II, I provide a brief overview of ODR systems, describing the largest, most well-known, and most sophisticated platforms now in place, to give the reader a sense of the- richness, variety, and benefits of online disputing, and a hint of developments still to come. In Part III, I describe certain legal, political, and moral concerns that have yet to be addressed in the ODR literature, and identify some of the unintended consequences the widespread adoption of ODR systems might produce. And in Part IV, I describe ODR's unfinished agenda, the questions proponents of the process must answer, and …
Trial And Error: Lawyers And Nonlawyer Advocates, Anna Carpenter, Alyx Mark, Colleen Shanahan
Trial And Error: Lawyers And Nonlawyer Advocates, Anna Carpenter, Alyx Mark, Colleen Shanahan
Faculty Articles
Nonlawyer advocates are one proposed solution to the access to justice crisis and are currently permitted to practice in some civil justice settings. Theory and research suggest nonlawyers might be effective in some civil justice settings, yet we know very little, empirically, about nonlawyer practice in the United States. Using data from more than 5,000 unemployment insurance appeal hearings and interviews with lawyers and nonlawyers, this article explores how both types of representatives learn to do their work and what this means for their effectiveness. Building on recent research regarding the importance of procedural knowledge and relational expertise as elements …
Active Judging And Access To Justice, Anna Carpenter
Active Judging And Access To Justice, Anna Carpenter
Faculty Articles
"Being a good judge in this environment means unlearning what you learned in law school about what a judge is supposed to do. Fairness is doing things a federal judge would never do.” Active judging, where judges step away from the traditional, passive role to assist those without counsel, is a central feature of recent proposals aimed at solving the pro se crisis in America’s state civil courts. Despite growing support for active judging as an access to justice intervention, we know little, empirically, about how judges interact with pro se parties as a general matter, and even less about …
Sovereignty And Social Change In The Wake Of India's Recent Sodomy Cases, Deepa Das Acevedo
Sovereignty And Social Change In The Wake Of India's Recent Sodomy Cases, Deepa Das Acevedo
Faculty Articles
American constitutional law scholars have long questioned whether courts can truly drive social reform, and this uncertainty remains even in the wake of recent landmark decisions affecting the LGBT community. In contrast, court watchers in India—spurred by developments in a special type of legal action developed in the late 1970s known as public interest litigation (PIL)—have only recently begun to question the judiciary’s ability to promote progressive social change. Indian scholarship on this point has veered between despair that PIL cases no longer reliably produce good outcomes for India’s most disadvantaged and optimism that public interest litigation can be returned …
Envisioning 100% Access To Justice In Colorado, Daniel M. Taubman, Melissa Hart
Envisioning 100% Access To Justice In Colorado, Daniel M. Taubman, Melissa Hart
Publications
No abstract provided.
The Minnesota Stand Down Model: Bringing Stand Down Courts To Rural Communities, Sara Sommarstrom
The Minnesota Stand Down Model: Bringing Stand Down Courts To Rural Communities, Sara Sommarstrom
Mitchell Hamline Law Review
No abstract provided.
Winning The Battle But Losing The War: Towards A More Consistent Approach To Prevailing Party Fee Shifting In The Contractural Context, John R. Schleppenback
Winning The Battle But Losing The War: Towards A More Consistent Approach To Prevailing Party Fee Shifting In The Contractural Context, John R. Schleppenback
Florida A & M University Law Review
As a general matter, history has not been very kind to losers. In the turmoil of the Middle Ages, loss on the battlefield could also mean the looting of one's property, the sacking of one's home, and potentially even the assault of one's spouse. The nineteenth century was the era of "to the victors belong the spoils," meaning that an electoral win allowed the prevailing political party a complete monopoly on political appointments and government contracts to the exclusion of the loyal opposition. Even today, professional athletes would sooner face anonymity than defeat on the playing field, living by the …
Defining The Scope Of Fiduciary Liability, Paul Miller
Defining The Scope Of Fiduciary Liability, Paul Miller
Journal Articles
The Supreme Court of Canada has won faint praise and significant criticism for its fiduciary jurisprudence over the past few decades. In prior work, I have come to the partial defence of the Court, commending it for its willingness to confront key questions going to the structure and scope of fiduciary liability, and equally for its interest in ensuring that the law's elasticity is not lost to unreflective adherence to custom and convention. By contrast, peer courts in other jurisdictions have been much less open and creative in addressing questions concerning fiduciary law's general principles and, as a result, the …
The Politics Of Citations At The Ecj: Policy Preferences Of E.U. Member State Governments And The Citation Behavior Of Judges At The European Court Of Justice, Jens Frankenreiter
The Politics Of Citations At The Ecj: Policy Preferences Of E.U. Member State Governments And The Citation Behavior Of Judges At The European Court Of Justice, Jens Frankenreiter
Scholarship@WashULaw
This paper investigates the relationship between the political preferences of EU Member States and the behavior of judges at the European Court of Justice (ECJ) by analyzing their citation behavior. It shows that judges at the ECJ are more likely to cite judgments authored by judges appointed by Member State governments with similar preferences regarding European integration. Analogous with the context of U.S. courts, non-random opinion assignment potentially threatens the validity of these results. To overcome this problem, I exploit the unique institutional setting at the ECJ to develop an improved identification strategy which builds on comparing the citations in …