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Federalism And International Human Rights In The New Constitutional Order, Mark V. Tushnet Jan 2001

Federalism And International Human Rights In The New Constitutional Order, Mark V. Tushnet

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

This Essay examines the contours of what I have elsewhere called the new constitutional order with respect to international human rights and federalism. The background is my suggestion that the U.S. political-constitutional system is on the verge of moving into a new constitutional regime, following the end of the New Deal-Great Society constitutional regime. The Supreme Court's innovations in the law of federalism in connection with Congress's exercise of its powers over domestic affairs has provoked speculation about the implications of those innovations for the national government's power with respect to foreign affairs. Most of the speculation has been that …

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Securing Accountability Through Commissions Of Inquiry: A Role For The Law Commission Of Canada, Robert Centa, Patrick Macklem Jan 2001

Securing Accountability Through Commissions Of Inquiry: A Role For The Law Commission Of Canada, Robert Centa, Patrick Macklem

Osgoode Hall Law Journal

Focusing on the Government of Ontario's unwillingness to call a public inquiry into the death of Dudley George, an Aboriginal protester, and the Government of Canada's willingness to interfere with an inquiry into the deployment of Canadian forces to Somalia, this article argues that governments appear increasingly reluctant to support a commission of inquiry into a public crisis even where it can serve as a catalyst for addressing larger and more pressing concerns of institutional and policy reform. It first addresses "start-up problems" associated with the fact that the decision to appoint a commission of inquiry lies within the sole …

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The Wrong Line Between Freedom And Restraint: The Unreality, Obscurity, And Hcivility Of The Fourth Amendment Consensual Encounter Doctrine, Daniel J. Steinbock Jan 2001

The Wrong Line Between Freedom And Restraint: The Unreality, Obscurity, And Hcivility Of The Fourth Amendment Consensual Encounter Doctrine, Daniel J. Steinbock

San Diego Law Review

restraint is clearly one of the most important, and one the law should be most anxious to get right. On the one side lies freedom to move around physically-the essence of what most people mean by "liberty." While not explicitly defined in the Constitution, this liberty is protected by several of its provisions: the due process clauses of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments,' the right to habeas corpus, the Thirteenth Amendment's ban on slavery, and the Fourth Amendment's protection against unreasonable seizures. Together they ensure against interference with personal freedom of movement in the form of bondage, incarceration, civil confinement, …

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"Project Exile" And The Allocation Of Federal Law Enforcement Authority, Daniel Richman Jan 2001

"Project Exile" And The Allocation Of Federal Law Enforcement Authority, Daniel Richman

Faculty Scholarship

With each report of violent crime statistics (whether rising or falling) or of the latest firearms outrage, we hear the antiphony of the gun control debate. Advocates of increased federal regulation decry the inadequacies of a regime that permits relatively free access to firearms and argue that the availability of guns is itself a spur to more deadly violence. Advocates of minimal regulation, for their part, condemn measures that, they say, will primarily penalize law-abiding citizens, and instead call for more vigorous enforcement of existing laws, targeting "criminals," not their weapons. When the antiphony intrudes on funerals, the effect can …

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Guns, Crime, And Punishment In America, Bernard E. Harcourt Jan 2001

Guns, Crime, And Punishment In America, Bernard E. Harcourt

Faculty Scholarship

There are over 200 million firearms in private hands in the United States, more than a third of which are handguns. In 1993 alone, it is estimated that 1.3 million victims of serious violent crime faced an offender with a gun. In 1999, there were approximately 563,000 such victims. Estimates of defensive uses of firearms – situations where individuals used a gun to protect themselves, someone else, or their property – range from 65,000 to 2.5 million per year. Punishments for crimes committed with a firearm are severe: under the federal firearms enhancement statute, the mandatory minimum sentence for use …

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Constitutional Law: United States V. Morrison: The Gender Motivated Violence Act Takes A Beating By The Supreme Court's New Commerce Clause Jurisprudence, Jodi Fowler Jayne Jan 2001

Constitutional Law: United States V. Morrison: The Gender Motivated Violence Act Takes A Beating By The Supreme Court's New Commerce Clause Jurisprudence, Jodi Fowler Jayne

Oklahoma Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Abortion, Capital Punishment, And The Politics Of "God's" Will, Kimberly J. Cook Dec 2000

Abortion, Capital Punishment, And The Politics Of "God's" Will, Kimberly J. Cook

William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal

In her paper, Professor Kimberly J. Cook uses statistics to illustrate the role the Christian Right plays in the public discourse over two issues permeated with religious overtones: abortion and the death penalty. She shows how the Christian Right's approach to these issues is based on an ideological notion of 'Justice " that is primarily focused on vengeance and punishment, to the exclusion of forgiveness. Professor Cook's exploration of the modern roots of this ideology leads to a movement dating from the 1960s known as Christian Reconstructionism, which advocates using state action to enforce its unique interpretation of "God's Will." …

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The Remarkable Career Of Joe Grano, Robert A. Sedler Oct 2000

The Remarkable Career Of Joe Grano, Robert A. Sedler

Law Faculty Research Publications

No abstract provided.

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Is Payne Defensible?: The Constitutionality Of Admitting Victim-Impact Evidence At Capital Sentencing Hearings, Joshua D. Greenberg Oct 2000

Is Payne Defensible?: The Constitutionality Of Admitting Victim-Impact Evidence At Capital Sentencing Hearings, Joshua D. Greenberg

Indiana Law Journal

No abstract provided.

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Wake Up And Smell The Contraband: Why Courts That Do Not Find Probable Cause Based On Odor Alone Are Wrong, Michael A. Sprow Oct 2000

Wake Up And Smell The Contraband: Why Courts That Do Not Find Probable Cause Based On Odor Alone Are Wrong, Michael A. Sprow

William & Mary Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Federalism And Foreign Affairs: Congress's Power To "Define And Punish...Offenses Against The Law Of Nations", Beth Stephens Oct 2000

Federalism And Foreign Affairs: Congress's Power To "Define And Punish...Offenses Against The Law Of Nations", Beth Stephens

William & Mary Law Review

No abstract provided.

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The Racial Origins Of Modern Criminal Procedure, Michael J. Klarman Oct 2000

The Racial Origins Of Modern Criminal Procedure, Michael J. Klarman

Michigan Law Review

The constitutional law of state criminal procedure was born between the First and Second World Wars. Prior to 1920, the Supreme Court had upset the results of the state criminal justice system in just a handful of cases, all involving race discrimination in jury selection. By 1940, however, the Court had interpreted the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to invalidate state criminal convictions in a wide variety of settings: mob-dominated trials, violation of the right to counsel, coerced confessions, financially-biased judges, and knowingly perjured testimony by prosecution witnesses. In addition, the Court had broadened its earlier decisions forbidding …

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Establishing Inevitability Without Active Pursuit: Defining The Inevitable Discovery Exception To The Fourth Amendment Exclusionary Rule, Stephen E. Hessler Oct 2000

Establishing Inevitability Without Active Pursuit: Defining The Inevitable Discovery Exception To The Fourth Amendment Exclusionary Rule, Stephen E. Hessler

Michigan Law Review

Few doctrines of constitutional criminal procedure generate as much controversy as the Fourth Amendment exclusionary rule. Beyond the basic mandate of the rule - that evidence obtained in violation of an individual's right to be secure against unreasonable search and seizure is inadmissible in a criminal proceeding - little else is agreed upon. The precise date of the exclusionary rule's inception is uncertain, but it has been applied by the judiciary for over eight decades. While the Supreme Court has emphasized that the rule is a "judicially created remedy," and not a "personal constitutional right," this characterization provokes argument as …

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The Jurisprudence Of Tradition And Justice Scalia's Unwritten Constitution, J. Richard Broughton Sep 2000

The Jurisprudence Of Tradition And Justice Scalia's Unwritten Constitution, J. Richard Broughton

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Harmonic Convergence? Constitutional Criminal Procedure In An International Context, Diane Marie Amann Jul 2000

Harmonic Convergence? Constitutional Criminal Procedure In An International Context, Diane Marie Amann

Indiana Law Journal

No abstract provided.

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The "Insane" Contradiction Of Singleton V. Norris: Forced Medication In A Death Row Inmate's Medical Interest Which Happens To Facilitate His Execution, Rebecca A. Miller-Rice Jul 2000

The "Insane" Contradiction Of Singleton V. Norris: Forced Medication In A Death Row Inmate's Medical Interest Which Happens To Facilitate His Execution, Rebecca A. Miller-Rice

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Burdening Constitutional Rights: The Supreme Court's License To Prosecutors, Bennett L. Gershman Jul 2000

Burdening Constitutional Rights: The Supreme Court's License To Prosecutors, Bennett L. Gershman

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

The prosecutorial tactic of burdening a defendant’s exercise of constitutional rights has appeared in a variety of contexts. Prosecutors have asked juries to infer guilt based on a defendant’s decision not to testify, not to call witnesses, to remain silent after being given Miranda warnings, to go to trial, to secure the assistance of counsel, to refuse to consent to a warrantless search, and to testify. In all of these instances, courts have found the prosecutor’s remarks to constitute misconduct.

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Wilson, V Layne: Bans Press With Police In The Home, But Leaves Media Ride-Alongs Intact, Kathy A. Brown Jun 2000

Wilson, V Layne: Bans Press With Police In The Home, But Leaves Media Ride-Alongs Intact, Kathy A. Brown

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Healing The Blind Goddess: Race And Criminal Justice, Mark D. Rosenbaum, Daniel P. Tokaji May 2000

Healing The Blind Goddess: Race And Criminal Justice, Mark D. Rosenbaum, Daniel P. Tokaji

Michigan Law Review

Once again, issues of race, ethnicity, and class within our criminal justice system have been thrust into the public spotlight. On both sides of the country, in our nation's two largest cities, police are being called to account for acts of violence directed toward poor people of color. In New York City, a West African immigrant named Amadou Diallo was killed by four white police officers, who fired forty-one bullets at the unarmed man as he stood in the vestibule of his apartment building in a poor section of the Bronx. Did race influence the officers' decisions to fire the …

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Use Of Race In "Stop-And-Frisk": Stereotypical Beliefs Linger, But How Far Can The Police Go?, Bennett L. Gershman Apr 2000

Use Of Race In "Stop-And-Frisk": Stereotypical Beliefs Linger, But How Far Can The Police Go?, Bennett L. Gershman

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

The power of police to detain persons for a brief period to investigate suspected criminal activity--commonly known as “stop-and-frisk”--has always been one of the most contentious issues in law enforcement. Although there is general consensus that street stops are an important weapon in crime prevention, the belief has always existed that stop-and-frisk tactics are often used indiscriminately and abusively against minority groups.

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"The Mis-Characterization Of The Negro": A Race Critique Of The Prior Conviction Impeachment Rule, Montrè D. Carodine Apr 2000

"The Mis-Characterization Of The Negro": A Race Critique Of The Prior Conviction Impeachment Rule, Montrè D. Carodine

Indiana Law Journal

The election of Barack Obama as the nation's first Black President was a watershed moment with respect to race relations in the United States. Obama's election removed what to many seemed a nearly insurmountable racial barrier. Yet as he transitions into his historic role and his family becomes the first Black occupants of the White House, scores of Blacks are housed in jails and prisons across the country. The mass incarceration of Blacks, among other serious issues, demonstrates that race still matters in the United States. As then-presidential candidate Obama acknowledged in the speech that many viewed to be pivotal …

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The Calm Before The Storm: First Amendment Cases In The 1998-99 Term, Joel Gora Jan 2000

The Calm Before The Storm: First Amendment Cases In The 1998-99 Term, Joel Gora

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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A Symposium Précis, Thomas E. Baker Jan 2000

A Symposium Précis, Thomas E. Baker

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Municipalities' Suits Against Gun Manufacturers - Legal Folly, Lawrence S. Greenwald, Cynthia A. Shay Jan 2000

Municipalities' Suits Against Gun Manufacturers - Legal Folly, Lawrence S. Greenwald, Cynthia A. Shay

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

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What Do You Do When You Meet A "Walking Violation Of The Sixth Amendment" If You're Trying To Put That Lawyer's Client In Jail?, Vanessa Merton Jan 2000

What Do You Do When You Meet A "Walking Violation Of The Sixth Amendment" If You're Trying To Put That Lawyer's Client In Jail?, Vanessa Merton

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

For the purpose of this article, the relevance of my experience as a criminal defense attorney is this: if ever one might expect to find a prosecutor inclined to err on the side of fairness of process and protecting the rights of defendants, it ought to be me. Also, for more than twenty years, I have been something of a professional ethicist--as research fellow, teacher, staff member of an ethics center, chair and/or member of several institutional review boards, pro bono trial counsel to a disciplinary committee, ethics consultant, and expert witness--and, therefore, one might think, especially susceptible to the …

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The Gang's All Here: Anti-Loitering Laws In The Face Of City Of Chicago V. Morales, Robert Delchin Jan 2000

The Gang's All Here: Anti-Loitering Laws In The Face Of City Of Chicago V. Morales, Robert Delchin

Cleveland State Law Review

This Comment examines Morales and the Court's treatment of anti-gang loitering statutes under the vagueness doctrine. Part II examines the City of Chicago's attempt to tackle the problem of gangs terrorizing its citizens and how the Illinois courts dealt with the ordinance. Part III then examines the reasons for the United States Supreme Court invalidating the ordinance, with equal emphasis placed on all the Justice's opinions. Part IV then analyzes the implications of the Court's decision, criticizing the plurality's creation of a fimdamental right to loiter and demonstrating how the ordinance survives a vagueness challenge.

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Prosecution Of Christian Scientists: A Needed Protection For Children Or Insult Added To Injury, Daniel Vaillant Jan 2000

Prosecution Of Christian Scientists: A Needed Protection For Children Or Insult Added To Injury, Daniel Vaillant

Cleveland State Law Review

A young child is dead. The death occurred because the parents refused to take their child to a doctor. Now, ordinarily, this refusal to obtain medical attention for a dying child would result in immediate indictments against the parents for involuntary manslaughter. But what if the parents are Christian Scientists? This question of whether Scientists should be treated differently because of their faith is a very controversial one in America today. If we allow the Scientists to practice their religion without government interference, children who could be medically treated and possibly saved may die. If, on the other hand, we …

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American Constitution-Making: The Neglected State Constitutional Sources, Marsha L. Baum, Christian G. Fritz Jan 2000

American Constitution-Making: The Neglected State Constitutional Sources, Marsha L. Baum, Christian G. Fritz

UC Law Constitutional Quarterly

Early in America's history, comprehensive compilations of existing state constitutions were printed and widely available to the public. These compilations have been largely overlooked as legal sources, but provide significant insights into this country's productive culture of constitutional history and law. This Article examines the distinct sources within the compilations, their variety and availability, and the guidance they provided to early American constitution-makers and the American people. As concise and authoritative sources, they were widely used and referenced during constitutional debates. Due to their availability to the public, these compilations helped democratize the process of constitution-making. A broader understanding of …

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Bad Girls And Good Sports: Some Reflections On Violent Female Juvenile Delinquents, Title Ix &(And) The Promise Of Girl Power, Cheryl Hanna Jan 2000

Bad Girls And Good Sports: Some Reflections On Violent Female Juvenile Delinquents, Title Ix &(And) The Promise Of Girl Power, Cheryl Hanna

UC Law Constitutional Quarterly

In recent years, the number of female juvenile offenders has been increasing at a faster pace than that of their male counterparts. This Article explores the link between criminality and competition among women. Specifically, it examines the role that involvement in organized sports, or conversely, lack of competition, plays in the development of criminal behavior. Part I addresses the theme of female competition, violence, and sports, and draws conclusions from secondary interdisciplinary research and conversations with incarcerated juvenile females. Part II focuses upon Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 and suggests that the rationale behind gender equity in …

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Toward The Restorative Constitution: A Restorative Justice Critique Of Anti-Gang Public Nuisance Injunctions, Joan W. Howarth Jan 2000

Toward The Restorative Constitution: A Restorative Justice Critique Of Anti-Gang Public Nuisance Injunctions, Joan W. Howarth

UC Law Constitutional Quarterly

The use of public nuisance injunctions against gangs and suspected gang members is an aggressive prosecutorial strategy upheld and even endorsed by a majority of the California Supreme Court in 1997 in People ex rel. Gallo v. Acuna. This Article critiques these injunctions through the lens of restorative justice principles. Restorative justice rests on the tenet that any crime is injurious, and that the best response is one that heals injuries caused to the victim, the community, and the offender. The Article argues that although anti-gang public nuisance injunctions share significant similarities with some restorative justice programs, the injunctions undermine …

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