Digital Commons Network^™

Semantic Web And Information Brokering: Opportunities, Commercialization, And Challenges, Amit P. Sheth

Kno.e.sis Publications

From the chairs' report published in SIGMOD record: The keynote address entitled 'Semantic Web and Information Brokering: Opportunities, Early Commercializations, and Challenges' was delivered by Amit Sheth (University of Georgia and Taalee Corp). Sheth characterized semantics as the next step in the evolution of the WWW and stressed the importance of semantically organized information for supporting ubiquitous, powerful, accurate and efficient access to this information. Sheth also reviewed proposals for semantic interoperability frameworks such as the DAML(DARPA Agent Mark-Up Language), the Oingo family of tools for defining concepts and extracting knowledge from large databases, as well as several scenarios on …

Design Of Adaptive Sliding Mode Fuzzy Control For Robot Manipulator Based On Extended Kalman Filter, Abdelrahman Aledhaibi

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Theses & Dissertations

In this work, a new adaptive motion control scheme for robust performance control of robot manipulators is presented. The proposed scheme is designed by combining the fuzzy logic control with the sliding mode control based on extended Kalman filter. Fuzzy logic controllers have been used successfully in many applications and were shown to be superior to the classical controllers for some nonlinear systems. Sliding mode control is a powerful approach for controlling nonlinear and uncertain systems. It is a robust control method and can be applied in the presence of model uncertainties and parameter disturbances, provided that the bounds of …

Wright State University College Of Engineering And Computer Science Bits And Pcs Newsletter, Volume 16, Number 6, June 2000, College Of Engineering And Computer Science, Wright State University

BITs and PCs Newsletter

A fourteen page newsletter created by the Wright State University College of Engineering and Computer Science that addresses the current affairs of the college.

Some Applications Of The Ultrapower Theorem To The Theory Of Compacta, Paul Bankston

Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science Faculty Research and Publications

The ultrapower theorem of Keisler and Shelah allows such model-theoretic notions as elementary equivalence, elementary embedding and existential embedding to be couched in the language of categories (limits, morphism diagrams). This in turn allows analogs of these (and related) notions to be transported into unusual settings, chiefly those of Banach spaces and of compacta. Our interest here is the enrichment of the theory of compacta, especially the theory of continua, brought about by the importation of model-theoretic ideas and techniques.

A Method Of Focusing The Attention Of The Decision-Maker On Uncertain Information, John F. Moesner Iv

Theses and Dissertations

Military decision-makers need to be able to synthesize large amounts of information quickly and make accurate and timely decisions. However, all too often, when a decision-maker is bombarded with important information that has an uncertainty associated with it, that information is often neglected. One method of dealing with this type of information overload is through proper data orientation. By reducing the clutter of irrelevant information, the proportions of useful and relevant data can be increased. At the same time, the attention of the decision-maker is directed to the critical tasks or centers of gravity. The WATCHDOG Decision Support Tool is …

Knowledge Base Support For Design And Synthesis Of Multi-Agent Systems, Marc J. Raphael

Theses and Dissertations

AgentTool is an AFIT-produced, AFOSR-sponsored multi-agent system (MAS) development tool intended for production of MASs that meet military requirements. This research focuses on enabling MAS design and synthesis tools like agentTool to store, retrieve, and filter persistent, reusable, and reliable agent domain knowledge. This "enabling" is vital if such tools are expected to produce consistent, maintainable, and verifiable agent applications on short timetables. Enabling requires: 1) modeling the agent knowledge domain, 2) designing and employing a persistent knowledge base, and 3) bridging that domain model to the knowledge base with an extensible domain interchange grammar. The achieved interchange grammar, called …

Improving The Analyst And Decision-Maker’S Perspective Through Uncertainty Visualization, Evan T. Watkins

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis constructs the Taxonomy of Uncertainty and an approach for enhancing the information in decision support systems. The hierarchical categorization of numerous causes for uncertainty defines the taxonomy, which fostered the development of a technique for visualizing uncertainty. This technique is fundamental to expressing the multi-dimensional uncertainty that can be associated with any object. By including and intuitively expressing uncertainty, the approach facilitates and enhances intuition and decision-making without undue information overload. The resulting approach for enhancing the information involves recording uncertainty, identifying the relevant items, computing and visualizing uncertainty, and providing interaction with the selection of uncertainty. A …

Applications Of Fuzzy Logic To Software Model, Yahaya Yuhanim Hani

Student Works (2000-2009)

This thesis investigates the use of fuzzy logic approach in software metrics application. Software metrics defines a standard way of measuring the properties of software products, development processes and resources. The most common application of software metrics is the software cost estimation where it predicts the effort required for completing certain stages of a software development life cycle. The ability to obtain an accurate effort prediction is essential for the cost estimation process, as it helps a project manager to specify the efforts needed for project development. In relation to this, cost estimation models such as COCOMO (Constructive Cost Model), …

Neural Networks And Structured Knowledge: Rule Extraction And Applications, Franz J. Kurfess

Computer Science and Software Engineering

As the second part of a special issue on "Neural Networks and Structured Knowledge," the contributions collected here concentrate on the extraction of knowledge, particularly in the form of rules, from neural networks, and on applications relying on the representation and processing of structured knowledge by neural networks. The transformation of the low-level internal representation in a neural network into higher-level knowledge or information that can be interpreted more easily by humans and integrated with symbol-oriented mechanisms is the subject of the first group of papers. The second group of papers uses specific applications as starting point, and describes approaches …

Bottom-Up Design Of Artificial Neural Network For Single-Lead Electrocardiogram Beat And Rhythm Classification, Srikanth Thiagarajan

Doctoral Dissertations

Performance improvement in computerized Electrocardiogram (ECG) classification is vital to improve reliability in this life-saving technology. The non-linearly overlapping nature of the ECG classification task prevents the statistical and the syntactic procedures from reaching the maximum performance. A new approach, a neural network-based classification scheme, has been implemented in clinical ECG problems with much success. The focus, however, has been on narrow clinical problem domains and the implementations lacked engineering precision. An optimal utilization of frequency information was missing. This dissertation attempts to improve the accuracy of neural network-based single-lead (lead-II) ECG beat and rhythm classification. A bottom-up approach defined …

Adaptive Information Filtering: Evolutionary Computation And N-Gram Representation, Daniel R. Tauritz, Ida G. Sprinkhuizen-Kuyper

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Adaptive Information Filtering (AIF) is concerned with filtering information streams in changing environments. The changes may occur both on the transmission side (the nature of the streams can change) and on the reception side (the interests of a user can change). The research described in this paper details the progress made in a prototype AIF system based on weighted n-gram analysis and evolutionary computation. A major advance is the design and implementation of an n-gram class library allowing experimentation with different values of n instead of solely with 3-grams as in the past. The new prototype system was tested on …

On-Line Bayesian Tree-Structured Transformation Of Hidden Markov Models For Speaker Adaptation, Shaojun Wang, Yunxin Zhao

Kno.e.sis Publications

This paper presents a new recursive Bayesian learning approach for transformation parameter estimation in speaker adaptation. Our goal is to incrementally transform (or adapt) the entire set of HMM parameters for a new speaker or new acoustic enviroment from a small amount of adaptation data. By establishing a clustering tree of HMM Gaussian mixture components, the finest affine transformation parameters for individual HMM Gaussian mixture components can be dynamically searched. The on-line Bayesian learning technique proposed in our recent work is used for recursive maximum a posteriori estimation of affine transformation parameters. Speaker adaptation experiments using a 26-letter English alphabet …

Implementation Of Speech Recognition Software For Text Processing: An Exploratory Analysis, Sean P. Abell

Theses and Dissertations

The rationale behind implementing new information technologies is often to gain productivity improvements associated with the substitution of machinery for labor. However, the literature shows little direct evidence of a positive relationship between information technology investment and subsequent productivity benefits. This thesis reports on the examination into the productivity implications of implementing speech recognition software in a text processing environment. More specifically, research was conducted to compare text processing speeds and error rates using speech recognition software versus the keyboard and mouse. Of interest was the time required to input and proofread text processing tasks as well as the number …

First 20 Precision Among World Wide Web Search Services (Search Engines), H. Vernon Leighton, Jaideep Srivastava

Library Faculty Works

Five search engines, Alta Vista, Excite, Hotbot, Infoseek, and Lycos, are compared for precision on the first twenty results returned for fifteen queries. All searching was done from January 31 to March 12, 1997. Steps have been taken to ensure that bias has not unduly influence the evaluation. Friedmann's randomized block design is used to perform multiple comparisons for significance. Analysis shows that Alta Vista, Excite and Infoseek are the top three services, with their relative rank changing depending on how one interpreted the concept of "relevant."

Citation:

Leighton, H. Vernon and Jaideep Srivastava. "First 20 Precision among World Wide …

Model Predictive Satisficing Fuzzy Logic Control, Richard L. Frost, Michael A. Goodrich, Wynn C. Stirling

Faculty Publications

Model-predictive control, which is an alternative to conventional optimal control, provides controller solutions to many constrained and nonlinear control problems. However, even when a good model is available, it may be necessary for an expert to specify the relationship between local model predictions and global system performance. We present a satisficing fuzzy logic controller that is based on a receding control horizon, but which employs a fuzzy description of system consequences via model predictions. This controller considers the gains and losses associated with each control action, is compatible with robust design objectives, and permits flexible defuzzifier design. We demonstrate the …

Developing Techniques For Enhancing Comprehensibility Of Controlled Medical Terminologies, Huanying Gu

Dissertations

A controlled medical terminology (CMT) is a collection of concepts (or terms) that are used in the medical domain. Typically, a CMT also contains attributes of those concepts and/or relationships between those concepts. Electronic CMTs are extremely useful and important for communication between and integration of independent information systems in healthcare, because data in this area is highly fragmented. A single query in this area might involve several databases, e.g., a clinical database, a pharmacy database, a radiology database, and a lab test database.

Unfortunately, the extensive sizes of CMTs, often containing tens of thousands of concepts and hundreds of …

Modeling Controlled Vocabularies Using Oodbs And Multilevel Area Diagrams, Li-Min Liu

Dissertations

A Controlled Vocabulary (CV) is a software system of domain knowledge that consolidates and unifies the terminology of a large application domain. With a common, centralized CV, costly and time-consuming translations can be eliminated between pairs of organizations and pairs of software systems. Unfortunately, the more knowledge we put into a CV, the harder it is to understand and maintain it. In this dissertation, a comprehensive theoretical methodology for modeling CVs using Object-Oriented Database (OODB) technology is presented. We present two methods for representing a semantic network CV as an equivalent OODB, which we call an Object-Oriented Vocabulary Repository (OOVR). …

Customizable And Ontology-Enhanced Medical Information Retrieval Interfaces, Gondy Leroy, K.M. Tolle, Hsinchun Chen

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

This paper describes the development and testing of the Medical Concept Mapper as an aid to providing synonyms and semantically related concepts to improve searching. All terms are related to the userquery and fit into the query context. The system is unique because its five components combine humancreated and computer-generated elements. The Arizona Noun Phraser extracts phrases from natural language user queries. WordNet and the UMLS Metathesaurus provide synonyms. The Arizona Concept Space generates conceptually related terms. Semantic relationships between queries and concepts are established using the UMLS Semantic Net. Two user studies conducted to evaluate the system are described.

The Deconstruction Of Mathematics, David J. Stucki

ACMS Journal 2004

Mathematics, as an academic discipline, has stood for many years as the last bastion against a growing tide of intellectual relativism that has become all but ubiquitous. More recently, however, efforts have been made to "humanize" mathematics by advocating a social-constructivist approach to the philosophy of mathematics, both in practice and education. This paper is intended to serve as a critical response to one advocate of this approach, Reuben Hersh (What Is Mathematics, Really?, 1997), and in the process a defense of Platonism.

Metaphor And Understanding: The Work Of Lakoff And Johnson And Natural Language Processing, Karen M. Jakubowsky

Honors Theses, 1963-2015

Do you remember your first lesson in metaphor? Most likely, you learned that it is a comparison of one thing to another, to give a more descriptive account of something. "He was an iceberg" or "time is money" are obvious metaphors. They are regarded as simply vivid expressions to explain our ideas. However, George Lakoff, professor of linguistics at the University of California, Berkeley, and Mark Johnson, professor of philosophy at the University of Oregon, assert that metaphors are much more than literary devices. In their 1980 book, Metaphors We Live By, they claim that the way we think, act, …

Continuous Models Of Computation For Logic Programs: Importing Continuous Mathematics Into Logic Programming's Algorithmic Foundations, Howard A. Blair, Fred Dushin, David W. Jakel, Angel J. Rivera, Metin Sezgin

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - All Scholarship

Logic programs may be construed as discrete-time and continuous-time dynamical systems with continuous states. Techniques for obtaining explicit formulations of such dynamical systems are presented and the computational performance of examples is presented. Extending 2-valued and n-valued logic to continuousvalued logic is shown to be unique, up to choosing the representations of the individual truth values as elements of a continuous field, provided that lowest degree polynomials are selected. In the case of 2-valued logic, the constraint that enables the uniqueness of the continualization is that the Jacobian matrices of the continualizations of the Boolean connectives have only affine entries. …

Radical Artificial Intelligence: A Postmodern Approach, Doug Blank

Computer Science Faculty Research and Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Multi-User Domain Object Oriented (Moo) As A High School Procedure For Foreign Language Acquisition, James A. Backer

CCAC Theses and Dissertations

Foreign language students experience added difficulty when they are isolated from native speakers and from the culture of the target language. It has been posited that MOOs (Multiuser domain Object Oriented) may help to overcome the geographical isolation of these students. MOOs are Internet-based virtual worlds in which people from all over the real world meet for synchronous textual conversations and can interact with asynchronous textual objects found there. Students who enjoy a MOO site may identify with its virtual target language community and find integrative motivation which the literature suggests is necessary for advanced language acquisition.

This study focused …

Object Oriented Enterprise Modeling And Distributed Cognition At A New University: Csu Monterey Bay, Armando A. Arias Jr., Beryl L. Bellman

SSGS Faculty Publications and Presentations

No abstract provided.

Adaptive User Models For The Design Of Intelligent User Interfaces, Lisa Martha Hunt

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this research is to determine the effects over time of a dynamic system that adapts itself to a user's current state of expertise, in terms of the application domain, by constantly monitoring the user throughout use of the system, placing them in appropriate user models when this expertise has changed.

A dynamic system, named ER-by-Design version 2.0, is presented, consisting of an inference component, a help system, a help/assistance screen, and user models. The user models are responsible for adapting the system interface to the level of expertise of the user. The system monitors and analyzes a …

An Intelligent Editor For Natural Language Processing Of Unrestricted Text, Demetrios George Glinos

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

The understanding of natural language by computational methods has been a continuing and elusive problem in artificial intelligence. In recent years there has been a resurgence in natural language processing research. Much of this work has been on empirical or corpus-based methods which use a data-driven approach to train systems on large amounts of real language data. Using corpus-based methods, the performance of part-of-speech (POS) taggers, which assign to the individual words of a sentence their appropriate part of speech category (e.g., noun, verb, preposition), now rivals human performance levels, achieving accuracies exceeding 95%. Such taggers have proved useful as …

Weighting Unusual Feature Types, Nicholas Howe, Claire Cardie

Computer Science: Faculty Publications

Feature weighting is known empirically to improve classification accuracy for k-nearest neighbor classifiers in tasks with irrelevant features. Many feature weighting algorithms are designed to work with symbolic features, or numeric features, or both, but cannot be applied to problems with features that do not fit these categories. This paper presents a new k-nearest neighbor feature weighting algorithm that works with any kind of feature for which a distance function can be defined. Applied to an image classification task with unusual set-like features, the technique improves classification accuracy significantly. In tests on standard data sets from the UCI repository, the …

Creating A New University Through Object Oriented Enterprise Modeling: A Study Of Communications Knowledge Management & Distributed Cognition, Armando A. Arias Jr., Beryl L. Bellman

SSGS Faculty Publications and Presentations

Enterprise based object oriented (OO) and Unified Modeling Language (UML) modeling makes it possible to build the needed visual environments to organize people, technologies and activities (Arias, 1999d). In our modeling approach, the focus is on "things and relationships between things" described in commonly used terms. The modeling software bridges the so-called "semantic gap" between the people and the computer language (Booch, Rumbaugh & Jacobson, 1999). An object can be a product, a process, a person, a team, a company, an application or the inter-relationship between other objects. Objects can be pictured on the screen as maps formed by personalized …

Multiple Stochastic Learning Automata For Vehicle Path Control In An Automated Highway System, Cem Unsal, Pushkin Kachroo, John S. Bay

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Research

This paper suggests an intelligent controller for an automated vehicle planning its own trajectory based on sensor and communication data. The intelligent controller is designed using the learning stochastic automata theory. Using the data received from on-board sensors, two automata (one for lateral actions, one for longitudinal actions) can learn the best possible action to avoid collisions. The system has the advantage of being able to work in unmodeled stochastic environments, unlike adaptive control methods or expert systems. Simulations for simultaneous lateral and longitudinal control of a vehicle provide encouraging results

Adaptive Information Filtering: Improvement Of The Matching Technique And Derivation Of The Evolutionary Algorithm, Daniel R. Tauritz, Ida G. Sprinkhuizen-Kuyper

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Adaptive Information Filtering is concerned with filtering information streams in changing environments. The changes may occur both on the transmission side (the nature of the streams can change) and on the reception side (the interests of a user can change). The research described in this report details the progress made in a prototype Adaptive Information Filtering system based on weighted trigram analysis and evolutionary computation. The main improvements of the algorithms employed by the system concern the computation of the distance between weighted trigram vectors and a further analysis of the two-pool evolutionary algorithm. We tested our new prototype system …