Digital Commons Network^™

Structural Capacity Of In-Place Asphaltic Concrete Pavements From Dynamic Deflections, Herbert F. Southgate, Gary W. Sharpe, Robert C. Deen, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The proper design of asphaltic overlay thicknesses involves four major factors; the in-place modulus of the subgrade, an estimate of the structural capacity of the existing pavement, estimates of the future traffic expressed as equivalent axleloads and required or desired design levels, and a thickness design procedure. This paper deals with estimating the in-place subgrade modulus and the remaining load-carrying capacity of the existing pavement. The method presented herein is valid for any Road Rater or other dynamic tester such as the Dynaflect. This procedure was based upon a 600-pound (272.4-kg) peak-to-peak dynamic load applied at a rate of 25 …

Mathematical Modeling And Analytical Solutions Of Dissolved Oxygen And Biochemical Oxygen Demand Profiles Under Three-Dimensional, Unsteady-State Conditions, Uing Woong Kim

Dissertations

Mathematical models describing the temporal and spatial distribution of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) for both pervious and impervious channel conditions in 3-dimensions have been constructed, and their analytical solutions were obtained. The solutions were implemented through the application of a digital computer, and their results are presented.

It has been found that there are significant differences in terms of DO and BOD distribution with respect to time and space in relatively deep and wide channels, thus necessitating the use of a 3-D, unsteady-state model.

Simulated Use Of The Exponential Polynomial/Maximum Likelihood Technique In Developing Suitability Of Use Functions For Fish Habitat, Kenneth A. Voos

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this paper is to present a new methodology for producing fish habitat suitability at use functions. The suitability functions are relative measures of the voluntary or involuntary preference for combinations of the values of environmental attributes by a fish species and age class. This suitability function is used to determine the relative usability of a physical stream environment as fish habitat.

A generalized function form, exponential polynomials, was selected for the development of these suitability of use functions. The maximum likelihood technique was used for function parameter solution. Derivation of the suitability functions was simulated for several …

In Situ Measurement On Dynamic Modulus And Damping Of Pleistocene Soils, H. Mori, H. Tsuchiya

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The paper presents the results of measurement on the dynamic modulus of deformation and damping ratio of dense sand or stiff clay of the Pleistocene epoch using a dynamic pressuremeter. The paper first describes an outline of an instrument and procedures of the dynamic pressuremeter test, which include necessary correction of data for eliminating the influence of compressibility and damping of the instrument. From the results of field measurement, the moduli derived from the dynamic pressuremeter tests were found several times greater than those from laboratory tests which were affected by disturbance of soil samples.

A Constitutive Equation For Cyclically Loaded Sands, A. Szavits-Nossan, P. Kvasnicka

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A rate type constitutive equation with internal parameters is proposed for describing the behaviour of cyclically loaded sands in undrained conditions leading to liquefaction. The mathematical model is checked versus experimental data on undrained cyclic triaxial test on Monterey No. 0 sand. General trends of real sand behaviour are captured. The equation is applicable for general stress states too.

Dynamic Analysis Of Foundations For Heavy Duty Diesel Engines, N. S. V. Kameswara Rao

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Coupled motion analysis of Machine-Foundation-Soil systems subjected to periodic dynamic forces and moments which are of general nature (both in amplitudes and periods) has been carried out using Fourier analysis and numerical techniques. Free vibration as well as forced vibration analysis in all the coupled and uncoupled modes of the system has been presented. The procedure is illustrated in the case of an eight cylinder heavy duty diesel engine generator assembly and results have been graphically shown in terms of frequency ratios and maximum steady state responses in the all the relevant modes of vibration.

Session 4: Discussion And Replies, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

Design Measures To Improve Performance Of Fill Dams Under Earthquake Loading, K. L. Logani

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Fill dams of height 50 meters or more are increasingly being planned, designed and constructed in highly seismic areas of the world. These dams incorporate various earthquake design measures. The design measures have been critically examined. Design guides with respect to free board, core base width, crest width, type and material of core and material of shells have been reviewed. Some examples of actual changes made in the design, for the seismicity of the region have been given (Table II). Finally, a table of pertinent data of over 50 high dams located in highly seismic areas of the world is …

Shear Moduli And Damping Of Cohesive Soils Under Earthquake Loads, Wen-Yao Hu, Tian-Long Wang

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

To investigate the dynamic properties of soils under earthquake loading conditions, a series of cyclic triaxial compression tests vas carried out on undisturbed saturated samples of cohesive soils from Tianjin. It has come to the conclusion that variation of damping ratio, as well as shear modulus, with strain amplitude may be expressed by an empirical formula. Its normalized form can be shown by a family of curves or a band zone with shrunken ends. New empirical equations used for evaluating elastic or initial shear modulus G₀ and maximum shear stress τ_max have been suggested. For the two parameters, …

Cyclic Loading Response Of Cohesive Soils Using A Bounding Surface Plasticity Model, Y. F. Dafalias, L. R. Herrman, A. Anandarajah

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The concept of the bounding surface in plasticity theory has been used to develop a general three-dimensional constitutive model for cohesive soils within the framework of critical state soil mechanics. The present work focuses on the response of the above model under cyclic loading conditions. It is shown mainly qualitatively and partially quantitatively, that the model predicts in detailed form a material response which does agree with observed experimental behavior under undrained and drained loading conditions at any overconsolidation ratio and for different cyclic deviatoric stress amplitudes.

Displacement Analysis Of Rigid Retaining Walls In Rocking, Shamsher Prakash, V. K. Puri, J. U. Khandoker

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The paper presents a simple approach for computing rotational displacements of rigid retaining walls during an earthquake, an aspect that had not been considered so far (1981). The values of rotational displacements using the proposed method for various combinations of wall geometry, backfill material and ground motion parameters have been worked out. The values of rotational displacements have been compared with the values obtained by using available approaches for displacement analysis (sliding or overall) for rigid retaining walls and it is shown that the contribution of rotation to the overall displacement of the retaining wall may be quite significant in …

Importance Of Soil Anisotropy On Foundation Displacement Functions, George Gazetas

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Consideration is given to the effect of soil cross-anisotropy on the dynamic displacement functions of a rigid strip surface foundation subjected to vertical or horizontal forces and moments that vary harmonically with time and are distributed uniformly across the longitudinal axis so that plane strain conditions prevail. The results are obtained using an analytical-numerical formulation which models realistically the rough soil-foundation interface, properly accounts for phenomena associated with propagation of waves emanating from the foundation and considers linear hysteretic material damping in the soil. Particular emphasis is accorded to the sensitivity of the calculated frequency-dependent foundation displacements to the assumed …

Behavior Of Clays Subjected To Slow Cyclic Loading And Large Strains, Adel Sada, Louise Shook

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

One of the major considerations in the design of offshore structures is the effect of wave action on the foundation. This requires a study of the effects of cyclic loading on the soil properties. The anisotropic nature of clay soils, which results from sedimentation followed by K0 consolidation, plays an important role in its dynamic as well as its static behavior. An experimental program was undertaken to determine the trends in behavior of clays subjected to large strain cyclic loading. Thin long hollow cylinders of isotropic, and normally K0 consolidated and over consolidated clays, with varying degrees of anisotropy and …

A Simplified Elastic Model For Seismic Analysis Of Earth-Retaining Structures With Limited Displacements, A. Arias, F. J. Sanchez-Sesma, E. Ovando-Shelley

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A simplified elastic model for analyzing static and dynamic interaction between earth-retaining structures and backfill within the range of small displacements is presented. The postulated model covers some of the available models as special cases. The model lends itself readily to the treatment of non-homogeneous backfills with elastic properties varying with depth. Internal (linear) damping in the backfill can be included without impairing the simplicity of the model. Radiation losses due to waves propagating horizontally in fills of semi-infinite extent are inherent to the postulated model. The solutions for some statical and dynamical problems of practical importance show satisfactory agreement …

Dynamic Plasticity In Pile-Soil Interaction Problems, Somnath Bandyopadhyay, Yudhbir Madhav, Madhira R. Madhav

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The dynamic soil-pile interaction problem is solved by the method of characteristics. The nonlinear, non-homogeneous problem was idealized as a piecewise linear problem. The numerical instability of semi-infinite soil column model has been reported, and a stable model, wherein the soil column below, the pile tip is replaced by a single spring and dashpot, has also been presented. The results obtained from the method of characteristics have been compared with those obtained by explicit finite difference scheme. The convergence and stability were studied numerically.

Ribbed Mat Foundation For Aseismic Building, Agustin A. Mazzeo

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper describes the design of a two-way ribbed mat used as the foundation of a tall aseismic building located in a very heavy seismic area of northern Venezuela. The soil description, the structural analysis and some construction provisions are also described.

Damping In Torsional Vibrations Of Embedded Footings, K. S. Sankaran, N. R. Krishnaswamy, P. G. B. Nair

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The existing theoretical models to explain the dynamic behavior of embedded footings, overestimate the real response by neglecting damping forces which are inevitable as a result of slip at the interface of the embedded footing and soil. Many researchers in the field of Soil Dynamics have suggested that the inclusion of friction damping and internal damping in the mathematical model is necessary to improve the reliability of theoretical predictions. In this paper, results of the experimental investigations on full scale model embedded footings subjected to torsional mode of vibration have been presented. The results have been analyzed making use of …

Author's Replies, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

In-Situ Measurements Of Blast Seismic Waves And Their Safety Distance, Rui-Geng Zhu, Li Zhen

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Empirical formulae and their applications are given after systematically analysing the seismic wave data as measured in various blasting operations. The computed results are ln close agreement with the field measured data

Mechanical Behavior Of Cohesive Soil Under Repeated Loading, K. Akai, Y. Ohnishi, Y. Yamanaka, K. Nakagawa

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A new triaxial apparatus which can control the stress condition automatically in a constant mean principal stress under repeated loading was developed, Mechanical behavior of cohesive soils under repeated loading was investigated. Excess pore water pressure generated in loading cycles was measured and the experimental results were interpreted in terms of effective stress by using elasto-plastic models.

Predicting Pore Pressure And Applications To Complex Loading Problems, Dwight A. Sangrey, Vincent P. Lascko

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Methods for predicting and modeling the pore pressure response when soils are subjected to cyclic loading are described. These predictions include both the limiting states of pore pressure and the intermediate stages of development as a function of number of cycles. Applications of pore pressure prediction in effective stress methods are illustrated for a group of problems including sequencing of irregular loading, degradation of stress-strain modulus, volume changes and strength changes.

Influence Of Fines On Evaluating Liquefaction Of Sand By Cpt, S. G. Zhou

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A method of evaluating liquefaction potential of sand by Static Cone Penetration Test (CPT) was firstly developed basing on the field tests over Tangshan earthquake area and then confirmed by the test result in Haicheng earthquake. However, it showed considerable deviations when the method was used over Lutai area. The author holds that this outcome is mainly due to the difference between the soil characteristics of Lutai and Tangshan, i.e.. the former contains much more fine particles than the latter. Thus the method should be modified according to the fine particles content of the soil. A preliminary method of modification …

Dynamic Behaviour Of Sandy Soil And Liquefaction, Tadanobu Sato, Toru Shibata, Ryoji Ito

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A mathematical model is formulated to present constitutive relation of sandy soil under cyclic loading. The fundamental concepts of kinematic and isotropic work-hardening plasticity theory are utilized here to obtain the relationship between rate of strain and rate of stress, in which the yield function, hardening function and plastic potential are proposed from experimental evidence and theoretical considerations. The predicted inelastic behaviour is compared with available experimental results of conventional cyclic triaxial tests, particularly of liquefaction phenomena.

Soil-Pile Interaction Parameters In Vertical And Torsional Vibrations, N. R. Krishnaswamy, B. K. Sharas Chandra, Aftab A. Salam, R. Daniel

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In this paper, two lumped parameter analogues with the inclusion of constant friction damping are suggested to explain the dynamic behavior of pile supported footings during vertical as well as torsional modes of vibrations. Simple theoretical procedures have been described by which the constant frictional force and the constant frictional moment of the friction damping can be evaluated during vertical and torsional vibrations respectively. The suggested procedures into consideration the relevant physical characteristics of the interface between the pile and the soil, as also the length to diameter (L/d) ratio of the pile. Field vibratory teats have been carried out …

Pavement Soil Interaction Under Dynamic Loads, Bhagirath Lall, Rajendra Puri, J. K. Juneja

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Different types of model pavements were subjected to forced vertical vibration with a view to studying the attenuation properties of Rayleigh Waves. The effect of the road base materials is studied along with the effect of the change in the thickness of the wearing course. The effect of different corner angles at the edge of the road is also investigated. The characteristics of geometric and material damping are discussed in relation to transmission and attenuation of vibration.

Dynamic Analysis Of Buried Structures, G. D. Manolis, D. E. Beskos

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The transient response of a circular cylindrical cavity in a linear elastic or viscoelastic infinite or semi-infinite medium under conditions of plane strain is examined. The method employed is the dynamic Boundary Integral Equation Method in conjunction with the Laplace Transform. The results obtained are compared with results stemming from analytical solutions, where available, and numerical solutions to assess the accuracy, efficiency and applicability of the method.

The Influence Of Viscoelastic Damping On The Dynamics — Behavior Of An Embedded Foundation, A. P. S. Selvadurai

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The present paper examines the problem of the dynamic behavior of a rigid circular foundation deeply embedded in bonded contact with a viscoelastic soil mass of infinite extent. The viscous phenomena are accounted for by the introduction of a complex shear modulus. By employing a rigorous mathematical analysis of the problem an explicit results is derived for the dynamic axial compliance of the embedded foundation. The numerical results presented in the paper illustrate the manner in which viscous damping influences this compliance.

Free Field And Design Motions During Earthquakes, T. Iwasaki

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Recent development of free field ground motions and structural design motions are described with emphasis on investigations done in Japan. The results of analyses of peak free field accelerations and frequency characteristics of response spectra are discussed. Also the recent topics of studies on ground motions including strong-motion earthquake instrument arrays and soil-structure interaction problems are described with use of the results of measurements of strong -motion earthquakes.

Dynamic Response Of An Embedded Structure Generated By A Sh-Wave, G. S. Yeh, T. W. Lin

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In this investigation, a mathematical hybrid model developed previously is employed to study soil-structure interaction of embedded structure. In the analysis, the near field including the embedded structure and its surrounding foundation soil is modelled with a conventional finite element mesh, and the far field is modelled as a semi-infinite medium with a hemi-spherical pit. The impedance functions at the nodes around the special element, which have been determined analytically, can represent the behavior of outgoing propagation of waves. A concept of superposition is proposed to analyze the response of an embedded structure excited by an incoming SH-wave. The governing …

Offshore Caissons On Porous Saturated Soil, George Gazetas, Emmanuel Petrakis

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

While currently available methods of dynamic soil-foundation interaction idealize the soil as a continuum, this paper presents a general theory to obtain the dynamic response of offshore caissons resting on a saturated or nearly saturated poroelastic medium. The model, based on Biot's theory, considers the compressibility of both solid and fluid phase and assumes that the fluid flow is governed by Darcy's Law for an isotropic medium. Results are presented as plots of normalized amplitudes of displacement load or rotation-moment ratios for a rigid strip founded on a dense coarse sand. The results demonstrate that fluid compressibility, which is primarily …