Digital Commons Network^™

Laboratory Testing And Analysis Of Joints For Rigid Pavements, Chelliah Madasamy, Issam E. Harik, David L. Allen, L. John Fleckenstein

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The primary objective of this study was to analyze the concrete pavement system under nonlinear temperature distribution and vehicle wheel loading. The jointed concrete pavement system consists of concrete slabs with transverse and longitudinal joints, dowel bars (across transverse joints), tie bars (across longitudinal joints), subbase and subgrade soil. Under the loading conditions the pavement structural system may fail by cracking of the concrete slab, loss-of-support of slab due to temperature induced curling, closing and opening of joints, and failure of load transfer devices such as dowel bars, etc. In order to understand the cause of these failures or to …

Finite Element Simulation Of Creep Buckling Of Cipp Liners Under External Pressure, Qiang Zhao

Doctoral Dissertations

The problem of long-term structural behavior of CIPP liners under external hydrostatic pressure has been characterized as a structural instability problem which is induced by time-dependent material deformation or creep. It is also a contact problem since the liner deflection is externally constrained by the host pipe. The intrinsically nonlinear problem is investigated by means of finite element simulation, with emphases on (a) the essential structural behaviors and mechanisms of buckling, and (b) the influences of inelastic material properties (i.e. yield strengths and creep rates) and geometrical parameters on liner's buckling resistance.

A liner first deforms as a free pipe …

An Empirical Investigation On The Impacts Of Ground-Level Ozone Concentrations On National Ambient Air Quality Standards: The Case Of Lake Charles, Louisiana, Benedict Nweke Nwokolo

Doctoral Dissertations

This study presents information upon which the state of Louisiana can base its ozone State Implementation Plans (SIPs) designed to achieve planned emissions reduction that are required by the Clean Air Act (CAAA) of 1990. The research investigation included an assessment survey on a number of Transportation Control Measures (TCMs) and their degree of acceptability by the residents of Lake Charles area of Louisiana, the research target area. The TCMS were first ranked on the basis of people's perception of each TCM and four TCMs were later analyzed for cost-effectiveness using computer mathematical models. The Traffic Flow Improvements TCM was …

Interval Matching And Control For Hexahedral Mesh Generation Of Swept Volumes, Jason F. Shepherd

Theses and Dissertations

Surface meshing algorithms require certain relationships among the number of intervals on the curves that bound the surface. Assigning the number of intervals to all of the curves in the model such that all relationships are satisfied is called interval assignment. Volume meshing algorithms also require certain relationships among the numbers of intervals on each of the curves on the volume. These relationships are not always captured by surface meshing requirements. This thesis presents a news technique for automatically identifying volume constraints. In this technique, volume constraints are grouped with surface constraints and are solved simultaneously. A sweepable volume has …

Novel Carbon-Carbon Bond Oxidative Cleavage Of Hexabenzyl-Hexaazaisowurtzitane By N-Buono And (Nh4)2ce(No3)6, Xiao-Pei Guan, Hong Yan, Jian-Guang Sun, Yong-Zhong Yu

Publications and Research

Treatment of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexabenzyl-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclo-[5.5.0.05,9.03,11]dodecane with n-butyl nitrite or ammonium cerium nitrate results in novel C(1)-C(7) oxidative cleavage to give 1,3,4,5,7,8-hexabenzyl-cis-cisoid-cis-hexahydro-1H,5H-diimidazolinium[4,5-b:4′,5′-e]pyrazine dinitrate.

Exploring The Management Of Outsourcing And The Determination Of Civil Engineering Minimum Manning Numbers In Order To Optimize Air Force Benefits, David J. Anason

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis investigates the relationship between peacetime and wartime tasks for Air Force Civil Engineering career fields in regard to outsourcing. Relevant literature in civilian sector outsourcing techniques is then studied to determine how they decide on what to outsource and what to keep insourced. Peacetime tasks performed by individual career fields are correlated with the wartime tasks to determine if there is any valuable wartime training gained from the completion of peacetime work orders. Several interviews completed with Air Force Civil Engineer readiness experts to evaluate an importance factor for each career field wartime mission. This importance factor and …

Expeditious Method For Estimating Cleanup Costs At Department Of Defense Installations In Korea, John M. Griffin

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this research was to develop and test a method that can be used to expeditiously estimate costs of hazardous waste site remediation at US DoD installations in Korea allowing decision-makers to formulate remediation strategy. This objective was addressed through answering the following questions: (1) What cost and time constraints do the decision-makers have in developing remediation cost estimates; (2) What degree of accuracy do the decision-makers require in cost estimates; (3) What estimating models are available for determining costs of remediation activities; (4) Have models been used to estimate remediation activities' costs at Korean installations; and (5) …

Optimal Pulsed Pumping Schedule Using Calculus Of Variation Methodology, Tay W. Johannes

Theses and Dissertations

Application of a variational optimization technique has demonstrated the potential strength of pulsed pumping operations for use at existing pump-and-treat aquifer remediation sites. The optimized pulsed pumping technique has exhibited notable improvements in operational effectiveness over continuous pumping. The optimized pulsed pumping technique has also exhibited an advantage over uniform time intervals for pumping and resting cycles. The most important finding supports the potential for managing and improving pumping operations in the absence of complete knowledge of plume characteristics. An objective functional was selected to minimize mass of water removed and minimize the non-essential mass of contaminant removed. General forms …

Development Of Site Characterization Simulator, Neil W. Kassel

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to develop a tool for Remedial Project Managers (RPMs) to learn and practice the site characterization process. One of the key difficulties encountered by RPMs during site characterization is the need to develop a model of the site based on limited data. These limited data are used to determine parameters that describe hydrogeologic and contaminant properties (aquifer hydraulic conductivity, contaminant concentration, etc.) and are obtained using sampling techniques that interrogate a very small volume, usually much smaller than node spacing of the computer model used to simulate site conditions. The value of the parameter …

Concept Design And Optimization Of Msw Management System, James R. Palmer

Theses and Dissertations

The maximum recovery of recyclables from municipal solid waste (MSW) using material recovery facility (MRF) technologies is determined. Two waste streams at Spangdahlem AB, Germany are analyzed; stationary container wastes and commingled recyclables. Three schemes are considered, one for each waste stream, and one for both. Multi-criteria decision making is the methodology. The criteria are recovery and annual benefit minus cost (B-C). Recovery is determined using the recovery factor transfer function of Diaz et al. (1982). Each technology, or unit operation, in a sequence is independent because particle size distribution of each waste component is considered. B-C is based on …

Improvements In Modeling Dissolved Oxygen In Activated Sludge Systems, Jacek Makinia, Scott A. Wells

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The aim of this research was to show the impact of the flow conditions and variations in the aeration intensity on changes in the predicted dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in a full-scale activated sludge reactor. The Activated Sludge Model No. 1 was used to describe the biochemical processes. The studies were performed at the Rock Creek wastewater treatment plant in Hillsboro, OR (USA). The simulation results were compared with data originating from two 24-hour experiments. The model that best reflected the spatial and diurnal distributions of the DO concentrations was the one-dimensional advection-dispersion equation with a variable overall oxygen mass …

Sinmap 2.0 - A Stability Index Approach To Terrain Stability Hazard Mapping, User's Manual, Robert T. Pack, David G. Tarboton, C. N. Goodwin

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

SINMAP 2.0 (Stability Index MAPping) is an ArcGIS 9.0 plug-in that implements the computation and mapping of a slope stability index based upon geographic information, primarily digital elevation data. This report describes the theoretical basis for the calculation of the stability index, describes the implementation, presents several case studies and describes use of the accompanying software. SINMAP has its theoretical basis in the infinite plane slope stability model with wetness (pore pressures) obtained from a topographically based steady state model of hydrology. Digital elevation model (DEM) methods are used to obtain the necessary input information (slope and specific catchment area). …

Conjunctive Use Of Surface Water And Groundwater For Sustainable Agricultural Production, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

This report is a guide to aid conjunctive water use in stream-aquifer systems. Conjunctive use refers to coordinated use of groundwater and surface water resources. This document discusses principles useful for field engineers and agricultural experts. It presents hydrologic and hydraulic principles and quantitative and qualitative parameters relating to sustainable conjunctive use. It provides tools and software.

Natural Treatment And On-Site Processes, Kevin D. White, Joel Gerard Burken

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Natural Treatment Systems, Which is Divided into Land-Treatment, Wetland, Aquatic, Onsite and Small Community, and Phytoremediation Systems, Are Discussed. This Include the Free Water Surface Constructed Wetlands, Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands, Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands,ponds, Floating Aquatic Plant Systems, Solar Aquatic Systems, Small Treatment Systems, and In-Ground Disposals.

Steel Bridge Protection Policy: Life Cycle Cost Analysis And Maintenance Plan, Jon D. Fricker, Tarek Zayed, Luh M. Chang

JTRP Technical Reports

The study identifies various painting systems that are successfully used in Indiana's surrounding states and other industries. the identified systems are further screened and evaluated. After prudently comparing INDOT's inorgainc zinc/vinyl system with the waterborne acrylic system, the moisture cure urethane coating system and the 3-coat system of zinc-epoxy-urethane, the sresults show that thte new 3-coat system fulfills INDOT's needs with the most benefits. Therefore, the 3-coat system is recommended to replace INDOT present inorgaic zinc/vinyl system. To deal with the problems facing the lead-based paint, a comparison between full-removal and over-coating alternatives is made. Results show that over-coating might …

Reconciled Platoon Accommodations At Traffic Signals, Jay Wasson, Montasir Abbas, Darcy M. Bullock, Avery Rhodes, Chong Kang Zhu

JTRP Technical Reports

The use of microprocessor-based traffic signal controllers introduced in the 1960s has allowed for the development of many new strategies to make traffic signal systems more responsive to traffic conditions. Many efforts have focused on the development of real-time, adaptive control strategies. While some of these strategies have been shown to improve intersection performance, there are several factors that have limited their deployment. Some of these include substantial capital cost, complicated calibration procedures, and the reluctance of practicing engineers to deploy strategies radically different from those currently in use. Therefore, lower cost strategies that are compatible with existing infrastructure continue …

Displacement-Based Analysis And Design Of Rigid Retaining Walls During Earthquakes, Yingwei Wu

Doctoral Dissertations

"This research focused on the analysis and design of rigid retaining walls subjected to earthquakes and considered nonlinear foundation soil properties. The simultaneous sliding and rocking movements of retaining walls were considered. Seven field conditions, including moist, submerged, perched and saturated backfill with a sloping drain, were specified by design codes. A computer program capable of computing displacement using real time history records or equivalent sinusoidal motions was developed. Finally, a dynamic design procedure was proposed for practicing engineers.

The study revealed that maximum shear modulus in foundation soil, maximum ground acceleration, and soil nonlinearity had significant effect on the …

Biological Fixed-Film Systems, Mark W. Fitch, Jeffrey B. Murphy, Stephen S. Sowell

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Microbiological Degradation of Wastewater and its Application using a Fixed-Film Reactor is Reviewed. the Technical and Technological Characteristics, as Well as the Efficiency of Nitrification and Denitrification Processes Were Taken into Consideration. the Review Elucidated the Experimental Measurements of Effective Diffusive Permeabilities and Effective Diffusion Coefficients of Biofilms.

Effects Of Dissolved Organic Matter And Ph On Heavy Metal Uptake By Sludge Particulates Exemplified By Copper(Ii) And Nickel(Ii): Three-Variable Model, Jianmin Wang, C. P. Huang, Herbert E. Allen, Ira Poesponegoro, Haryanto Poesponegoro, Luis R. Takiyama

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) and pH are important factors affecting heavy metal uptake by sludge particulates. Copper(II) and Nickel(II) uptake behavior by primary and secondary sludge particulates was studied under various pH and DOM conditions. A three-variable model, incorporating effects of pH and DOM, was developed to describe heavy metal uptake. Results show that heavy metal uptake by sludge particulates can be better described by the three-variable model than by the modified Langmuir model in a wide pH range.

Optimized Calibration For Unsteady Flow Modeling Using A Genetic Algorithm, Daniel Sanchez, Jerome A. Westphal

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The calibration of an unsteady flow model generally relies on the estimation of roughness coefficients, which act as descriptors of friction resistance along the channel. Here an optimized procedure is implemented by incorporating a genetic algorithm (GA) to automate the process. This approach is suitable because discrete parameters are considered. The target is a one-dimensional unsteady flow model in which the roughness coefficient is allowed to vary not only along the river axis, but also dynamically with discharge. The objective function is the root mean square of the difference between measured and computed water levels at a given cross section. …

Estimating The Usle - Soil Erodibility Factor In Developing Tropical Countries:A Case Study In Tanzania, Metthew Mulengeral

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Developing countries in the tropics are facing more soil erosion problems than the developed temperate countries. These developing countries have no accurate locally applicable equation(s) for predicting soil erosion or for planning and implementation of soil conservation measures. Furthermore, These countries do not have the necessary resources to develop the soil loss prediction equation(s). Existing empirical equations like the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) if modified to suit tropical conditions can be useful a tool in soil erosion control in the region for a foreseeable future. In this paper equations'for estimating the soil erodibility factor in the USLE for tropical …

Seismic Evaluation Of The Ohio River Bridge On Us51 At Wickliffe, Kentucky, Issam E. Harik, Chelliah Madasamy, Denglin Chen, Leonong Zhou, Kevin Sutterer, Ron Street, David L. Allen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report presents the of seismic evaluation of the Ohio river bridge on US51 at Wickliffe, Kentucky. The main bridge is a five-span single-deck cantilever through-truss type. The approach bridge has 21 spans on the Kentucky side and 6 spans on the Illinois side. Although this bridge has not yet been subjected to a moderate or major earthquake, it is situated within the influence of the New Madrid seismic zone.

The seismic evaluation program consists of field testing and seismic response analysis. The modal properties of the main bridge are determined through field testing, and are used to calibrate the …

Model For Trace Metal Exposure In Filter-Feeding Flamingos At Alkaline Rift Valley Lake, Kenya, Yarrow M. Nelson, Ramesh J. Thampy, Gideon K. Motelin, Jackson A. Raini, Cynthia J. Disante, Leonard W. Lion

Civil and Environmental Engineering

Abstract—Toxic trace metals have been implicated as a potential cause of recent flamingo kills at Lake Nakuru, Kenya. Chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) have accumulated in the lake sediments as a result of unregulated discharges and because this alkaline lake has no natural outlet. Lesser flamingos (Phoeniconaias minor) at Lake Nakuru feed predominantly on the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis, and because of their filter-feeding mechanism, they are susceptible to exposure to particle-bound metals. Trace metal adsorption isotherms to lake sediments and S. platensis were obtained under simulated lake conditions, and a mathematical model was …

A Simplified Model For Distortional Buckling Of Channels And Zees In Flexure, Duane S. Ellifritt, Robert L. Glover, Jonathan D. Hren

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Certain cold-formed sections like channels and zees, when subjected to bending in the plane of the web, often fail in laboratory tests at a load less than that predicted by standard specification equations. The mode of failure is an upward movement of the compression flange and lip relative to the web, which may remain fairly plane. When bends which were right angles change dramatically under load, the section changes shape, or distorts, resulting in a reduction of the section stiffness followed by buckling of the flange. Such a failure is referred to as "distortional buckling". An analytical solution to the …

Optimum Control Of A Hybrid System For Seismic Excitations With State Observer Technique, Franklin Y. Cheng, Hongping Jiang

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents a theoretical study of a hybrid seismic response control system comprising a passive fluid viscous damper and an active control system with a hydraulic actuator and acceleration sensors. The analytical model of this system is derived in the discrete time domain with actuator and clamper dynamics considered. Based on digital control theory, a state observer is established for optimal control strategies of the hybrid system. This study shows that the hybrid system gains the advantages of both active and passive control techniques currently in vogue; and that, with the state observer technique, a seismic response control system …

Pneumatic Fracture Propagation And Particulate Transport In Geologic Formations, Suresh Puppala

Dissertations

Pneumatic fracturing is an in situ remediation enhancement technology developed to increase the permeability of contaminated geologic formations. This technology can also be used to deliver atomized liquid and particulate supplements to geologic formations, thereby enhancing in situ processes such as bioremediation and reactive dechlorination.

The main objective of this study was the development of a mathematical model that simulates the propagation of pneumatic fractures in soil and rock formations. Pneumatic fracture propagation differs from other fluid fracturing phenomena in the propagation velocity (1-3 m/sec) and the viscosity of the fracturing fluid (1.9E-05 Pa•sec). For the purposes of model development, …

A Two Dimensional Distributed Hydrological Model For Infiltrating Watersheds With Channel Networks, Donald Lee Currey

Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations

A numerical model named Old Dominion Watershed Simulation Model (ODWSM) is developed for simulating the rainfall/runoff process that occurs over watersheds. ODWSM's computational modules include the capability to simulate two-dimensional overland flow, spatially varied infiltration and depression storage, interception and channel flow for irregular and looped networks.

Overland flow computation is performed by writing the two-dimensional kinematic wave equations in an implicit finite difference form. Computational speed is gained by using an upwind differencing scheme and solving the equations in the direction of flow. This solution method allows for the calculation of infiltration and depression storage to include rainfall, current …

Shoreline Change Modeling As A Tool In Coastal Environmental Management, Jorge Espinoza Amaguana

Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The one-line numerical model GENESIS has been calibrated to evaluate its performance as a tool in providing insights into the physical components to manage the coastal environment. To calibrate the model, physical environmental data, literature research, and computer modeling methodologies were utilized in addressing the objectives of this thesis. The model was applied at three beaches of the Virginia Beach City with different man-made structures by using the actual field wave data for wave year J 997. Waves are the main environmental component affecting the coastal system; however, additional environmental data and the best engineering decision were used as model …

Development And Evaluation Of A New Soil Erosion- Productivity Index Model (Sepim), Metthew Mulengera

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

A soil erosion-productivity model which considers rhe effect of soil water storage Capacity. crop evapotranspiration, soil chemical and physical properties inrporrantfor Crop growth has been developed. The model is shown to give good predictions and it promises to be an improvement over the former productivity Index (PI). It also promises to give more reliable results than the currently used /nodels which consider only soil water storage capacity and crop e ' 'apotransp iration.

Sustainability And Resource Assessment: A Case Study Of Soil Resources In The United States, Dana L. Hoag, Jennie S. Hughes Popp, D. Eric Hyatt

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Assessment of environmental condition is critical to wise management and policy decisions. However, for some concerns such as sustainability, it is difficult to assess environmental condition because it involves disparate social objectives and an understanding of complex ecological systems. Here, a general framework is proposed to examine sustainability of environmental resources in objective, measurable ways. By using soil quality as an example, sustainability research is taken beyond theory and into application.
Sustainability depends on the quality of resource endowment. Endowment of a natural resource can be modeled as an index of quality to assess the degree of sustainable management. This …