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Comparison Of Ligands In Palladium-Catalyzed Electrochemical Allyl 4-Pyridinylation, Wei-Jie Ding, Chun-Hui Yang, Zhong-Tao Feng, Shi-Rong Lu, Xu Cheng

Journal of Electrochemistry

4-CN-pyridine is a widely applied 4-pyridinylation reagent for diverse transformations. Conventionally, the reaction proceeds via an open-shell radical cross-coupling pathway. Following our previous study, in this work, we report the Pd-catalyzed allyl 4-pyrinylation reaction under electrochemical conditions. The reaction proceeds via radical-polar crossover pathway in which the role of phosphine ligand in reactivity and selectivity was extensively investigated.

Holographic Multiplexing In A Photopolymerisable Hybrid Sol-Gel, Pamela Stoeva, Tatsiana Mikulchyk, Izabela Naydenova, Kevin Murphy

Articles

Holographic multiplexing techniques enhance functionality and information storage by leveraging the inherent selectivity of holograms. This is crucial for advancing holographic sensors, which excel in simultaneously detecting multiple parameters from a single input signal. This study explores the potential of the recent photopolymerisable hybrid sol-gel (PHSG) material for application in Space sensing systems through the investigation of its holographic angular multiplexing capabilities. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we report the successful recording of up to five angularly multiplexed gratings with diffraction efficiencies (DE) ≥ 15% in 187 ± 18 µm PHSG layers. A 3 mW/cm2 …

Recent Advance In Electrochemical Dehalogenative Deuteration, Peng-Fei Li, Guang-Sheng Kou, Li-Ping Qi, You-Ai Qiu

Journal of Electrochemistry

In recent years, the incorporation of deuterium atoms into organic compounds has emerged as a vital focus in the development of pharmaceutical molecules. This trend is driven by the increasing recognition of the significance of compounds containing deuterium atoms across various domains, including materials and biopharmaceuticals, where they have found widespread applications in mechanistic studies within the realms of chemistry and biology. Meanwhile, organic electrochemistry, as a relatively environmentally friendly catalytic mode with broad adaptability to redox reactions, has emerged as a crucial alternative to traditional halogen-deuterium exchange in the context of the reduction deuteration of halides. This approach circumvents …

Nickel-Catalyzed Α-Arylation Of Α-Cyanoacetates Enabled By Electrochemistry, Zi-Meng Li, Zhang-Jian Li, Anat Milo, Ping Fang, Tian-Sheng Mei

Journal of Electrochemistry

β-Amino acids have a wide range of applications in the field of pharmaceuticals. Utilizing a combination strategy of nickel catalysis and paired electrolysis, a catalytic α-arylation protocol of carbonyl compounds has been developed. This protocol affords various a-aryl-a-cyanoacetates, which can be reduced to high-value-added α-aryl-β-amino acids. The cross-coupling reaction of electron-deficient aryl bromides with a-cyanoacetates achieves the expected products with good yields and functional group compatibility under mild conditions. Excessive electron-richness in initial aryl bromides facilitates the self-coupling of desired products. DFT calculations confirm that the presence of electron-rich aryl substitutions decreases the reduction potentials of the product anions, making …

Novel In Situ Synthesis Of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles In Epoxy Network: Kinetics, Composite Mechanical And Dielectric Properties, Elena Bobina, Maxim Danilaev, Safaa.M.R.H. Hussein, Sergey Karandashov, Vladimir Kuklin, Ivan Lounev, Konstantin Faizullin

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

>Mechanical properties of polymer composites with dispersed nanoparticles (CDNP) depend on interaction between the nanoparticles and the polymer matrix. Strength of polymer composites significantly decreases when there is no interaction between dispersed nanoparticles and the polymer. This limits the application of functional polymer composites with dispersed nanoparticles. In this study, CDNP based on ED-20 epoxy resin with dispersed copper oxide nanoparticles was obtained.These nanoparticles were synthesized in epoxy resin before curing: the nanoparticles were obtained by decomposition of copper hydroxide by heating its solution in ED-20 resin.The kinetics of copper oxide nanoparticles formation in CDNP samples were studied using two …

Elm And Lightgbm: A Hybrid Machine Learning Technique With Intelligent Iot To Predict The Cardiovascular Disease, Gorapalli Srinivasa Rao, G Muneeswari

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Cardiologists can more accurately classify a patient's condition by performing an accurate diagnostic and prognosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The clinical diagnosis, and therapies processes within the medical field have been substantially accelerated by ML-based approaches enabled by IoT-based systems. This structure is based on IoT-based system with enabled ML approach. This study investigates an approach known as ensemble categorization, which enhances the precision of weak algorithms by integrating multiple classifiers. For effective CVD classification, we utilized Ensemble learning machine (ELM) and Light GBM. The appropriate traits are chosen to speed up the categorization process using the Gorilla Troops Optimizer …

Comparing Proliferation Rates And Collagen Production Of Cells Treated With Cuhars, Katie Elizabeth Mckenzie

Master's Theses

Cartilage is the padding in joints that protects the bones and aids in motion. Problems with the cartilage in the knee can be caused by mechanical damage or diseases like osteoarthritis. Chondrocytes make cartilage. The objective of this study is to determine the doubling time of chondrocytes per passage. I also want to determine the base amount of collagen-II created by chondrocytes as they age. I also want to determine how long it takes CuHARS to break down in different cell medias. Chondrocytes, human dermal fibroblasts, and CRL 2303 cells were grown and cultured for over a year. During that …

A Review Of The Toxicity Of Ingredients In E-Cigarettes, Including Those Ingredients Having The Fda's "Generally Recognized As Safe (Gras)" Regulatory Status For Use In Food., Nada O F Kassem, Robert M. Strongin, Andrea M. Stroup, Marielle C. Brinkman, Ahmad El-Hellani, Hanno C. Erythropel, Arash Etemadi, Vernat Exil, David H. Peyton, Multiple Additional Authors

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Some firms and marketers of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes; a type of electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS)) and refill liquids (e-liquids) have made claims about the safety of ingredients used in their products based on the term "GRAS or Generally Recognized As Safe" (GRAS). However, GRAS is a provision within the definition of a food additive under section 201(s) (21 U.S.C. 321(s)) of the U.S. Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act). Food additives and GRAS substances are by the FD&C Act definition intended for use in food, thus safety is based on oral consumption; the term GRAS cannot serve …

Pet And Polyolefin Plastics Supply Chains In Michigan: Present And Future Systems Analysis Of Environmental And Socio-Economic Impacts, Utkarsh S. Chaudhari, Kamand Sedaghatnia, Barbara K. Reck, Kate Maguire, Anne T. Johnson, David Watkins, Robert M. Handler, Tasmin Hossain, Damon S. Hartley, Vicki S. Thompson, Alejandra Peralta, Jenny L. Apriesnig, David Shonnard

Michigan Tech Publications

Many actions are underway at global, national, and local levels to increase plastics circularity. However, studies evaluating the environmental and socio-economic impacts of such a transition are lacking at regional levels in the United States. In this work, the existing polyethylene terephthalate and polyolefin plastics supply chains in Michigan were compared to a potential future (‘NextCycle’) scenario that looks at increasing Michigan’s overall recycling rate to 45%. Material flow analysis data was combined with environmental and socio-economic metrics to evaluate the sustainability of these supply chains for the modeled scenarios. Overall, the NextCycle scenario for these supply chains achieved a …

Analysing An Imbalanced Stroke Prediction Dataset Using Machine Learning Techniques, Viswapriya Subramaniyam Elangovan, Rajeswari Devarajan, Osamah I. Khalaf, Mhd Saeed Sharif, Wael Elmedany

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

A stroke is a medical condition characterized by the rupture of blood vessels within the brain which can lead to brain damage. various symptoms may be exhibited when the brain's supply of blood and essential nutrients is disrupted. To forecast the possibility of brain stroke occurring at an early stage using Machine Learning and Deep Learning is the main objective of this study. Timely detection of the various warning signs of a stroke can significantly reduce its severity. This paper performed a comprehensive analysis of features to enhance stroke prediction effectiveness. A reliable dataset for stroke prediction is taken from …

The Investigation Of The Reaction Of 2,3-Dimethylfuran With O(³P) And The Estimate Of The Photoionization Cross Section Of C-Cl And Absolute Photoionization Cross Sections Of Chlorinated Organic Compounds, Yilan Lori Chen

Master's Theses

The work presented in this thesis focuses on gas-phase reactions, which are fundamental for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating climate change. The experiments are performed at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, where there is a time-of-flight mass spectrometer coupled with tunable synchrotron radiation at Beamline 9.0.2 to collect high-quality data.

Chapter 1 details the background and purpose of each project, along with an overview of the origins of synchrotron radiation and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The adaptation of biofuels is a way to minimize carbon emission and air pollutants, so research surrounding the reaction dynamics …

Advancing Simultaneous Extraction And Sequential Single-Particle Icp-Ms Analysis For Metallic Nanoparticle Mixtures In Plant Tissues, Lei Xu, Xingmao Ma, John Yang, Joel G. Burken, Paul Ki-Souk Nam, Honglan Shi, Hu Yang

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Engineered Nanoparticles (ENPs) Have Been Increasingly Used in Agricultural Operations, leading to an Urgent Need for Robust Methods to Analyze Co-Occurring ENPs in Plant Tissues. in Response, This Study Advanced the Simultaneous Extraction of Coexisting Silver, Cerium Oxide, and Copper Oxide ENPs in Lettuce Shoots and Roots using Macerozyme R-10 and Analyzed Them by Single-Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Additionally, the Standard Stock Suspensions of the ENPs Were Stabilized with Citrate, and the Long-Term Stability (Up to 5 Months) Was Examined for the First Time. the Method Performance Results Displayed Satisfactory Accuracies and Precisions and Achieved Low Particle Concentration …

Development Of An Experimentally Validated Computational Fluid Dynamics Model For A Pbi Membrane-Based Anhydrous Hcl Electrolyzer, Kris Likit-Anurak, Hunter R. Teel, Ishwor Karki, Ben I. Howard, Brian C. Benicewicz, Sirivatch Shimpalee, Benjamin H. Meekins

Faculty Publications

We report the development of an experimentally-validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for simulation of an anhydrous HCl electrolyzer. The experimental data from 3 membrane variants was used to provide kinetic and membrane parameters for the model. The model not only accurately simulates overall electrolyzer performance, but it also provides key insights into the transport phenomena within the electrolyzer. The model allows simulation of experimental parameters like high HCl flowrates and increased cell pressure that pose a high safety risk to researchers. The model shows hotspots in the temperature distribution that will need to be addressed by flow field modification …

Effects Of Ti Addition On The Characteristics Of Al-10zn-6mg-2si/Zro2 Composites Produced By Squeeze Casting, Qesha Diva Prameshvara, Pipin Indah Lestari, Bondan Tiara Sofyan

Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings

Metal matrix composite (MMC) with 7xxx aluminum matrix is potential for ballistic applications due to the combination of strength, toughness, and light weight. Previous study successfully produced aluminum-based composites with SiC particles which were able to stop type III bullet, however cracks remained on back of the plate. Therefore, in this research, SiC was replaced by zirconia (ZrO₂) due to its high fracture toughness. Ti-B grain refiner was added to further improve toughness through grain boundary strengthening mechanism. This research developed 5 vol.% ZrO₂ strengthened Al-10Zn-6Mg-2Si composite with addition of Al-5Ti-1B grain refiner produced through squeeze casting …

Analysis Of The Effect Of Different Surface Preparation Methods On Corrosion Resistance And Adhesion Strength Of Astm A36 Steel Substrate With Surface Tolerant Epoxy Paint As Coating Material, Irwan Wijaya Santoso, Daffa Aqila, Rini Riastuti, Rizal Tresna Ramadhani

Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings

In the industrial world, to extend the service life of materials, protection methods are carried out to slow down the material's corrosion rate. The protection method that is often used is the coating method. The coating method is a protection method by coating the substrate material using a coating material to prevent contact between the substrate material and the environment. In this research, the substrate material used is ASTM A36 steel and the coating material used is Surface Tolerant Epoxy paint. The independent variable used in this study lies in the surface preparation method which consists of: solvent cleaning, hand …

Development And Application Of Photoresponsive Small Molecule Probes To Modulate And Characterize Neuroreceptors, Spencer Kim

Dissertations - ALL

The field of neuroscience is rapidly evolving and so the development of novel tools that support innovative research is urgently needed. Two tools that have proven to be particularly impactful to the field of neuroscience are activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) and optogenetics, both of which have seen widespread application but with relatively limited advancement of the underlying technology. Limitations of ABPP and optogenetics have become increasingly apparent and research output is stalling due to lack of technological advancement. For example, few systems exist for targeting low-abundance and unstable proteins via ABPP and application of ABPP and optogenetic systems thus far …

Development And Progress Towards Functional Photoresponsive Systems, Jasmine Gomez

Dissertations - ALL

Chapter 2: Surface Functionalization of Thermally-Expandable Microspheres with Gold Nanoparticles The advancement of methods for controlling motion on a variety of scales is significant in order to develop finely tuned next-generation devices. Here, we’ve created a micron-scale actuator system triggered via photothermal activation and capable of powering macro-scale movement in an elastomer matrix. This system fundamentally relies on thermally-expandable microspheres (TEMs) – a core-shell complex containing a polymeric shell and liquid core that expands dramatically upon heating. To improve the ability of TEMs as soft-actuators controlled via light, we grafted a secondary silicate-silane copolymer shell to attach gold nanoparticles. The …

A Molecular Toolbox To Study Dopamine And Serotonin Receptors For The Development Of Improved Therapeutics, Emma Joanna Doukmak

Dissertations - ALL

Dopaminergic and serotonergic signaling pathways are involved in numerous biological processes including behavior, mood regulation, and cognition. Dysfunction in these pathways can lead to neurological and mental health disorders, which are often treated with drugs targeting the dopamine and serotonin receptors. However, many of these drugs, along with those targeting other G protein couple receptors (GPCRs), suffer a lack of target specificity, leading to nonspecific binding and therefore side effects. In recent years, new advances in chemical biological techniques, including affinity-based protein profiling (ABPP) and optogenetics, have further elucidated the structure and function of GPCRs, which can in turn aid …

Directional Dopant Migration By ‘Atomic Trapping’ In Core/Multi-Shell Quantum Dots, Chun Chu

Dissertations - ALL

The study of transition metal ion-doped semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) has attracted increasing attention due to their unique optical, electronic, and magnetic properties which sparked considerable interest towards a wide range of applications in material science, renewable energy and biological systems. Besides the size- and shape-dependent behavior, doped nanomaterials exhibit new and/or enhanced optical properties, which are sensitive to the dopant location or dopant distribution throughout the solid crystal lattice. Our work primarily focuses on understanding and elucidating the mechanism of dopant ion migration inside the NCs during post-synthetic treatments, such as shell passivation and high-temperature annealing. Mn(II) dopants migration behavior …

Molecular Dynamics Insights Into The Structural Behavior And Interactions Of Complex Biological Systems, Shenghan Song

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

All-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are essential for examining the structural and dynamic aspects of proteins at high resolution, complementing experiments limited by resolution, size, and complexity. Advancements in algorithms and hardware have enhanced the role of computational tools in scientific research, allowing for more accurate simulations of proteins with standard residues. However, simulating real biological systems, which include non-standard residues such as lipid membranes, remains challenging despite the assistance of tools like CHARMM-GUI. My research initially focused on simulating the PICK1 BAR dimer using steered MD simulations to investigate its structure and dynamics. Simulation works expanded to include systems …

Quaternary Diamond-Like Sulfides For Nonlinear Optical Applications: Investigation Into Composition-Structure-Property Relationships Of The I2-Ii-Iv-Vi4 And I4-Ii-Iv2-Vi7 Formulae, Jordan Kelly

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The research work presented in this dissertation focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and property assessment of new and existing quaternary diamond-like semiconductor (DLS) materials for the potential application in infrared (IR) nonlinear optics (NLO). Chapter 2 discusses the previously discovered temperature-dependent polymorphs of Cu₂ZnGeS₄ (CZGS); however, the IR NLO properties, neutron powder diffraction data, and single crystal X-ray diffraction structures were previously undetermined. The high-temperature α-CZGS polymorph was superior to the low-temperature β-CZGS analog in both second harmonic generation (SHG) and laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT). Chapter 3 presents the discovery of Li₂MgGeS₄ and comparison …

Cadmium Oxide Nanoparticles From New Organometallic Cd(Ii)-Schiff Base Complex And In Vitro Biological Potentials: Dual S. Aureus And E. Coli Dna Gyrase Inhibition By The Precursors Via In Silico Binding Modes’ Study, Ikechukwu P. Ejidike, Amani Direm, Cemal Parlak, Mercy O. Bamigboye, Olajumoke Oluade, Juliana B. Adetunji, Athar Ata, Michael O. Eze, Joshua W. Hollett, Hadley S. Clayton

Michigan Tech Publications

At the nanoscale level, several biological processes take place, owing to the potential that engineered nanomaterials might interrelate with bio-molecules and cellular procedures. This study aimed to synthesize cadmium oxide nanoparticles via a one-step calcination process of tetradentate Schiff base-Cd(II) complex at different temperature ranges. The as-synthesized compounds were carried out via a viz UV–visible, elemental analysis, 1H NMR, molar conductivity, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), FT-IR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (PXRD). The band gap energy and average particle sizes of the CdO particles are respectively (2.69 eV, 3.54 eV), 26.88 nm for CdO@250, and (3.20 eV, 3.57 eV), 25.67 nm …

Removal Of Phenol From Oilfield Produced Water Using Non-Conventional Adsorbent Medium By An Eco-Friendly Approach, Salem Jawad Alhamd, Mohammed Nsaif Abbas, Hassan Jameel Jawad Al-Fatlawy, Thekra Atta Ibrahim, Zaid Nsaif Abbas

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Petroleum extraction generates substantial quantities of produced water, a challenge compounded by water scarcity in oil-producing regions, notably the Middle East. Leveraging produced water effectively, adhering to environmental standards, can offer a viable solution to the issue of water scarcity. This study explores the potential of mandarin peels as an available, cost-effective adsorbent for treating synthetic aqueous solution simulated to oil-field produced water, specifically targeting phenol, a dangerous pollutant. Employing a batch-mode adsorption unit, six operational factors—phenol concentration, acidity, agitation speed, contact time, adsorbent dose, and temperature—were investigated. Results revealed an inverse relationship between phenol removal and pH, concentration, and …

A Turn-Off Fluorescent Sensor For Metal Ions Quantifies Corrosion In An Organic Solvent, Lianlian Liu, Zechariah Pfaffenberger, Mark Siegel, Anuj Saini, Lydia Kisley

Faculty Scholarship

We demonstrate that the corrosion of AISI 1045 medium carbon steel and pure aluminum can be quantified by the turn-off fluorescent sensor Phen Green-SK (PGSK) in ethanol-based solutions. We first evaluate the dependence of the chelation enhanced quenching of PGSK on iron and aluminum ion concentrations. Subsequently, we apply PGSK to examine the anodic dissolution of metal corrosion. The observed time-dependent PGSK-quenching quantifies the corrosion rates of two metals over 24 h of immersion in ethanol-based solutions. The PGSK-based quantification of corrosion is compared to scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical techniques, including open circuit potential and Tafel extrapolation. The corrosion …

Synthesis And Analysis Of A Novel Magnetic Surfactant, Donovan Turpin

Honors Theses

Researchers in the University of Mississippi Chemical Engineering Department have suggested that chelation of a large magnetic transition metal, namely dysprosium, into the large polar head group of a surfactant could result in a magnetic surfactant. This project was aimed at synthesizing a surfactant with a large enough head group and negative charge (specifically EDTA) to support this ion and demonstrating that the chelation process was successful. If so, the molecule would ideally be capable of forming micelles which could extract oily substances from water using a strong magnet—possibly applicable to environmental crises like oil spills.

NMR analysis has suggested, …

Αb-Crystallin Phosphorylation Induces A Condensatopathy To Worsen Post-Myocardial Infarction Cardiomyopathy, Md Moydul Islam

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Rare genetic mutations in proteins expressed in cardiomyocytes lead to proteotoxic cardiomyopathies which are characterized by widespread protein-aggregate pathology. However, the mechanistic link between proteotoxicity and protein-aggregates in the more common ischemic cardiomyopathy remains unclear. Our study revealed the mis-localization of desmin, actin, and α-actinin to protein-aggregates in the myocardium of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and in mouse hearts undergoing post-myocardial infarction ventricular remodeling. These findings mimic observations in autosomal-dominant cardiomyopathy resulting from the R120G mutation in the chaperone protein CRYAB where desmin is mis-localized into the aggregates. Importantly, we observed increased phosphorylation of CRYAB at serine-59 (pS59-CRYAB) and its …

Competing Supramolecular Forces: Boron Coordination Vs Π-Π Stacking, Sidhaesh A. Agarwal, Gonzalo Campillo-Alvarado, Nicholas Lutz, Jesus Daniel Loya, Eric W. Reinheimer

Student Research Symposium

This study explores the impact of fluorination levels in azopyridine Lewis bases on their ability to direct the formation of B←N coordination adducts or cocrystals with phenylboronic ester. We hypothesize that the degree of fluorination can be used as a tool to control the outcome of supramolecular bonding competition, thus influencing complex self-assembly.

A series of azopyridines with varying degrees of fluorination were synthesized and reacted with phenylboronic ester. Their structures were analyzed using Hartree-Fock calculations, Hirshfeld surface analyses, and single crystal X-ray diffraction to assess the impact of fluorination on supramolecular interactions.

The study reveals that azopyridines with up …

Multiscale Variability Of Heavy Metals In A Western U.S. Snowpack, Kelsey Hefner

Student Research Symposium

Natural and anthropogenically sourced particulates are deposited from the atmosphere to landscapes via dry and wet deposition, making frozen winter snowpack a natural archive of atmospheric elemental composition. Wildfires in the Western United States are increasing in extent, duration, and severity, especially in alpine regions. Severe fires remove forest canopy and can impact how atmospheric elements are dispersed and stored across snow-dominated watersheds. We evaluated Al, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, As, Zn, Se, Mo, Cd, and Pb concentrations in 394 winter snow core samples. We collected samples in 2019 and 2020 from a chronosequence of eight forests that burned …

Computationally Assisted Mechanistic Analysis Of The Protonolysis Of A Pt–Me Bond, Clement Dasilva

Student Research Symposium

Mechanistic study of the protonolysis of (cod)PtMe2 could give insight into the activation of C-H bonds by platinum because it is the microscopic reverse reaction. Two possible mechanisms for the protonolysis of dimethyl platinum complexes have been proposed, with experimental and computational data supporting the single step, SE2, over the multistep, SE(ox) mechanism. New experimental work from our group supports a multi-step mechanism with multiple acid molecules. In this work, the SE2 mechanism as well as a proposed SE(ox) mechanism were computationally modeled with a single equivalent of acid, TFAH, and two equivalents using density functional theory. The modeled pathways …

Excellent Bifunctional Oxygen Evolution And Reduction Electrocatalysts (5a1/5)Co2o4 And Their Tunability, Xin Wang, Harish Singh, Manashi Nath, Kurt Lagemann, Katharine Page

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

Hastening the Progress of Rechargeable Metal-Air Batteries and Hydrogen Fuel Cells Necessitates the Advancement of Economically Feasible, Earth-Abundant, Inexpensive, and Efficient Electrocatalysts Facilitating Both the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) and Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR). Herein, a Recently Reported Family of Nano (5A1/5) Co2O4 (A = Combinations of Transition Metals, Mg, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Zn) Compositionally Complex Oxides (CCOs) [Wang Et Al., Chemistry of Materials, 2023, 35 (17), 7283-7291.] Are Studied as Bifunctional OER and ORR Electrocatalysts. among the Different Low-Temperature Soft-Templating Samples, Those Subjected to 600 °C Post annealing Heat Treatment Exhibit Superior Performance in Alkaline Media. One …