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The Revovery Of Copper And Cobalt From Oxidized Copper Ore And Converter Slag, Berri̇n Zi̇yadanoğullari, Recep Zi̇yadanoğullari

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The aim of this study was to develop a method for obtaining copper and cobalt from oxidized copper ore and converter slag. In order to convert the copper and cobalt into sulfate compounds the main step was to roast the samples obtained by sulfurization and transfer the samples into solution. First the oxidized copper ore was roasted, followed by the mixture of converter slag and oxidized copper ore. Since the levels of copper and cobalt were low, the sulfurization process was carried out under autoclave conditions. The samples obtained were roasted. The yields of copper and cobalt passed into the …

Optimisation Studies In A Batch Pharmaceutical Company, Sarah Fitzgerald

Theses

This thesis outlines a collaborative project between industry and academia based on a short term research contract.

In the past in Eli Lilly, process optimisation in a multi-purpose, modular building had been mainly confined to equipment commissioning and new product development. It was necessary to embark upon an exercise to develop an optimisation programme m order to meet the increased requirements and demands of the building. Increased market demands, through the introduction of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, and the demand for cycle time reduction through the expiry of existing patents, made the need for optimisation inevitable.

The purpose of this thesis …

Characterisation And Optimisation Of Gypsum Crystallization, Catherine H. Shannon

Theses

Gypsum is produced as a by-product during the citric acid production process at ADM Ringaskiddy. The particle size and filterability of the gypsum has a critical bearing on the overall citric acid production rate. Prior to August 1996, research in the area of gypsum crystal optimisation at ADM had concentrated on the application of vortex mixing to perform the gypsum formation reaction. While the gypsum crystals produced with vortex mixing were found to be desirably clear of microcrystalline gypsum, the crystals were considerably smaller and more difficult to filter and wash. This research project sought to retain the advantages conferred …

Photochemical And Thermal Reactions Of Nitrous Acid In A Benzene Matrix, Ethan Schrum '99

Honors Projects

The photodegradation of nitrous acid in the troposphere is an initiation step in the formation of photochemical smog. NOx emissions from internal combustion engines react with atmospheric water vapor during sundown hours to form nitrous acid. Daytime sunlight cleaves nitrous acid into OB and NO radicals, which attack hydrocarbons emitted by industry to form the constituents of photochemical smog. In order to increase our understanding of these reactions, we have studied them in the liquid phase. Aqueous nitrous acid was extracted into a liquid benzene matrix to form a clear solution of approximately 0.075 M nitrous acid in benzene, which …

Identification Of Polluting Vehicles By Remote Sensing, Donald H. Stedman

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.

Real-Time Remote Sensing Of Snowmobiles Emissions At Yellowstone National Park: An Oxygenated Fuel Study, 1999, Jerome A. Morris, Gary A. Bishop, Donald H. Stedman

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.

On-Road Remote Sensing Of Automobile Emissions In The Chicago Area: Year 2, Peter J. Popp, Gary A. Bishop, Donald H. Stedman

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.

X-Ray Absorption, Neutron Diffraction, And Mössbauer Effect Studies Of Mnzn-Ferrite Processed Through High-Energy Ball Milling, D. J. Fatemi, V. G. Harris, Mingxing Chen, Satish K. Malik, William B. Yelon, Gary J. Long, Amitabh Mohan

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

MnZn-ferrite has been prepared via high-energy ball milling of elemental oxides MnO, ZnO, and α-Fe₂O₃. Neutron diffraction measurements suggest a high density of vacancies in a spinel structure. The spinel phase appears to comprise 99.8 wt % of the material in the sample milled for 40 h, with the remainder attributable to unreacted α-Fe₂O₃. The x-ray absorption near-edge structure was analyzed to provide an understanding of the charge state of the constituent Fe ions. This analysis reveals about 2/3 of Fe cations to be trivalent, increasing to about 3/4 after a 5 …

Magnetic And Crystallographic Properties Of Lani₅₋ₓfex, C. Tan, Oran Allan Pringle, Mingxing Chen, William B. Yelon, J. Gebhardt, Naushad Ali, C. Y. Tai, G. K. Marasinghe, George Daniel Waddill, William Joseph James

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Aneuploidy Frequencies In Semen Fractions From Ten Oligoasthenoteratozoospermic Patients Donating Sperm For Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection, Jerome Pfeffer, Myung-Geol Pang, Stanton F. Hoegerman, Christopher J. Osgood, M. W. Stacey, Jacob Mayer, Sergio Oehninger, William G. Kearns

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Objective: To determine aneuploidy frequencies in pellet and swim-up semen fractions from 10 infertile men with severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) who were donating sperm for intracytoplasmic sperm injection and to determine whether the swim-up isolation method would successfully separate aneuploid from haploid sperm.

Design: Prospective study.

Setting: Infertility clinic and molecular genetics laboratory.

Patient(s): Ten patients with severe OAT.

Intervention(s): Cytogenetic analyses by fluorescence in situ hybridization to determine aneuploidy frequencies for chromosomes 1, 13, 18, 21, X, and Y in sperm from swim-up and pellet fractions.

Main Outcome Measure(s): Gametic aneuploidy was scored in sperm fractions separated by the swim-up …

Degradation Of Explosives In Solution Using Bacteria, A Fungus (Phanerochaete Chrysosporium), Titanium Dioxide, Ozone, And Electrochemical Peroxidation, Stéphane Debost

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

As a result of munitions manufacturing and decommissioning, explosive compounds have contaminated groundwater and soils at many sites throughout the U.S. and worldwide. Three of the most commonly occurring explosive contaminants are TNT, ROX, and HMX. Many processes, biological as well as physical, have been developed to remediate the contaminated material. But feasibility studies rarely take into account the three contaminants at once. We chose four of the technologies used to remediate explosives-contaminated water and studied comparatively their effectiveness and efficiency in degrading TNT, ROX, and HMX in solution at their maximal solubilities. The chosen technologies were bacterial and fungal …

Effect Of Temperature On Retention Of Enantiomers Of Β-Methyl Amino Acids On A Teicoplanin Chiral Stationary Phase, Antal Péter, Gabriella Török, Daniel W. Armstrong, Géza Tóth, Dirk Tourwé

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

The isocratic retention of enantiomers of β-methyl amino acids (β-methyltyrosine, β-methylphenylalanine, β-methyltryptophan and β-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid) was studied on a teicoplanin-containing chiral stationary phase at different temperatures and at different mobile phase compositions, using the reversed-phase mode. With variation of both mobile phase composition and temperature, almost baseline separations could be achieved for all four enantiomers of sterically hindered amino acids. The retention factors and selectivity factors for the enantiomers of all investigated compounds decreased with increasing temperature. The natural logarithms of the retention factors (ln k) of the investigated compounds depended linearly on the inverse of temperature (1/T). van 't …

Principal Component Mapping Applied To Raman Microspectroscopy Of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites, C. M. Stellman, K. S. Booksh, A. R. Muroski, M. P. Nelson, Michael L. Myrick

Faculty Publications

We describe the development and implementation of a spectroscopic Raman imaging system using Principal Component data analysis. Raman microspectroscopy followed by multivariate data analysis and principal component mapping has been used to investigate the spatial variations of chemical and physical properties at interfaces in glass-reinforced composites on the micrometer scale. A protocol for monitoring chemical and physical variances via multivariate statistics has been developed and a preliminary study of a "real world" glass-reinforced composite is presented. It is demonstrated that multivariate Raman imaging is more precisely interpretable than traditional univariate methods and that by appropriately choosing distinct spectral regions (such …

1998 Preliminary Snowmobile Emission Survey In Yellowstone National Park, Gary A. Bishop, Donald H. Stedman

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Suspended Particles On The Corrosion Resistance Of Electrodeposited Zinc Powders, Qing-Wen Li, Qing Yang, Xi Xia

Journal of Electrochemistry

Zinc powders were electrodeposited from ZnCl₂ baths with containing suspension of unsoluble particles such as graphite, PbO₂, SnO₂, TiO₂, SiO₂ etc.. The structure, morphology and corrosion behavior of zinc powder were analyzed. SEM results showed that the dendritic growth of zinc can be inhibited by applying the suspension method. Suspension of PbO₂, SnO₂, TiO₂, SiO₂ and In₂O₃ could greatly improve the corrosion protection of zinc powder in 5 mol/L KOH. In addition, fractal theory is employed to further explain the results

Primary Research Of Reversible Proton Exchange Membrane Regenerative Fuel Cells, Zhi-Gang Shao, Bao-Lian Yi, Ming Han

Journal of Electrochemistry

In this paper, we report the results of our studies on regenerative proton exchange membrane fuel cell (RPEMRFC) catalysts, electrode preparation and their performances. The Pt catalyst for the oxygen electrode was replaced by 60 w%Pt + 40 w%IrO₂ which reduces polarization by 0.2 V in a polymer protone exchange membrane fuel cell. The cycle performance of RPEMRFC was found to be manly effected by the stability of the diffiusion layer of bifunctional oxygen electrode.

The Latest World Wide Progress In Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, Yi Jiang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is a novel, green electricity generation technology, which has been showing rapid development since 1980's. In light of its high efficiency, environmental friendly, fuel adaptability and long term stability, the Research, Development and Demonstration (RD&D) of this hype of full cell have been emphasized in a large number of developed countries. Based on the information communicated at the latest symposium on SOFC held last year in Aachen (Germany) and the knowledge gained through years of research in this field, a comprehensive review on the latest development of the tubular, this planar SOFC as well as …

A Preliminary Study Of The Synthesis Of Tin-Based Amorphous Material And Its Behavior On Lithium Intercalation, Li Liu, Han-Xi Yang, Ju-Tang Sun, Xing-Ping Ai

Journal of Electrochemistry

An amorphous lithium inserting anode material based on Tin oxide glass was synthesized by salification in solution and its properties on lithium intercalation was investigated by X ray diffraction (XRD), microelectrode voltammetry and charge discharge measurements. The results have shown that this kind of material has considerable electrochemical reversibility toward lithium intercalation deintercalation. The available discharge capacity of the material reaches 430 mAh/g with charge-discharge efficiency over 90%, showing a great potential for practical use.

Studies Of Spinal Li(1+X)Mn(2-X)O4 Rechargeable Lithium Ion Battery, Xiao-Mei Wu, Qing-He Yang, Zhong-Kao Jin, Hao-Qing Wu, Xiang-Fu Zong

Journal of Electrochemistry

The spinel Li intercalation compound Li_1+xMn_2-xO₄ (0< x <1) was prepared by using techniques of cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical parameters of Li_1+xMn_2-xO₄ electrode vary as either the starting materials or the synthesis temperature changes. It was found that the initial capacity and reversible behaviors of the Li_1+xMn_2-xO₄ electrode depends on the amount of the excess Li, represented as x in Li_1+xMn_2-xO₄. The reversible of Li intercalation process for Li_1+xMn_2-xO₄ electrode was demonstrate by cyclic voltammograms.

Study On Electrosynthesis Of Butyl Butyrate At Conducting Oxide Anode Support On Titanium, Jun-Xiang He, Jin-Cheng Zhou, Kang-Ning Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

Synthesis of butyl butyrate by direct electroxidation of n butyl alcohol and the electrochemical behaviors of several selected conducting oxide electrodes (Pb/PbO_2, Ti/PbO_2, i/SnO₂+Sb₂O₃/PbO₂ and Ti/SnO₂+Sb₂O₃+PdO_x/PbO₂) have been investigated. The results demonstrated that the intermediate layers of SnO₂, Sb₂O₃ and PdO_x could significantly decrease the interfacial resistance of the electrodes, and that the Ti/SnO₂+Sb₂O₃+PdO_x/PbO₂ electrode possessed better electrocatelytic performance than others.

Direct Electro-Oxidation Synthesis Of D-Arabinose On Spectroscopic Graphite Electrode, Hei Wei, Huang Ying

Journal of Electrochemistry

D Arabinose synthesized by direct electro-oxidative decarboxylation of D gluconate on graphite electrode from aqueous solutions. The effects of D gluconate concentration, electrolysis potential, temperature and electrolyte composition on the current efficiency and product yield of electrosynthsis are discussed. The laboratory scale electrosynthesis was achieved with flow through cell. The optimum technology conditions for electrosynthesis were obtained with orthogonal design method. Both galvanostatic and potentionstatic conditions have been exploited, the later was found to be more effective.

The Study On The Performance Of Mcfc Matrix Prepared By Flow Cast, Hua-Xin Lin, Bao-Lian Yi, Nai-Chao Li, Tian-Xi Qu, En-Jun Zhang, Lian-Yin Kong, Ying-Cai Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

The matrix for MCFC were prepared by flow cast technique which gives reproducible and reliable results. Its mean pore radius is about 0.18 μm, and the porosity is about 65%. The performance of MCFC stacked with this type of matrix is 0.854 V at 200 mA/cm².

Oxygen Evolution Behavour On Ni Electrode In Koh Solution, Xiao-Yan Cao, Hua-Tang Yuan, Zuo-Xiang Zhou, Yun-Shi Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The steady-state polarization curves of oxygen evolution were measured at temperatures between 22～70 ℃ on Ni electrode in 30 wt.% KOH solution by galvanostat methode. The exchange current densities, Tafel slopes and transfer coefficients were studied. It was found that 40 ℃ is a special temperature, near which the kinetic parameters change abrupdy. The Tafel slopes for oxygen evolution reactions at higher overpotentials change from more than 120 mV to about 70 mV when the temperature raises to 40～70 ℃ from 22～35 ℃. Simultaneously, the heat of activation is changes from 79.88 kJ/mol to 55.32 kJ/mol. Moreover, the -(η/Τ) i …

Study On Ni-Co-S-Mo Alloys New Cathode Material For Aquous Electrolysis, Yuan-Shou Xie, Quan-Feng Liu

Journal of Electrochemistry

The parameters of electrodeposion of Ni-Co-S-Mo alloy were studied. The experimental results indicate that the electrodeposition alloy shows high catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction, as well as better mechanical strength and higher chemical stability. The mechanism of catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction on this type of alloy electrode was also investigated by means of polarization curve and cyclic voltametry.

Corrosion Characteristics Of Electrodeposited Ni-Mo-P Alloy Immersed In Nacl Solution, Yue Zeng, Hong-Xin Huang, Xiao-Ming Xiao, Shi-Xun Lian, Su-Wei Yao, He-Tong Guo

Journal of Electrochemistry

The corrosion characteristics of electrodeposited Ni-Mo-P alloy immersed in 5wt.% NaCl solution were investigated using immersion, anodic polarization curves, XPS and AES analysis. The corrosion rates of amorphous Ni Mo P alloys are lower than that of crystalline Ni-Mo-P alloys. Anodic polarization curve experiments show that for the electrodeposited Ni-Mo-P alloys, the nickel mol fraction of which has in between 0.719 and 0.868, the corrosion potential moves to positive with the increase of P content, and the peak current value of active region increase with the increase of Mo content in alloys, though the effects of P content on the …

Study Of The Effect Of Rare Earth Ions On Dna Using Cyclic Voltammetry And Spectroscopy, Hei-Bai Shen, Yu-Zhuan Kang, Hai-Feng Yang, Lin Yu, Zong-Rang Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The interaction between rare earth ions(e.g. Eu³⁺ ,Ce³⁺, Er³⁺, Sm³⁺, Tb³⁺, La³⁺ and Nd³⁺) and DNA had been investigated by using Cyclic Voltammetry, Ultraviolet and Raman Spectroscopy. After the adding of Ce³⁺ ion to DNA solution, the cathodic peak current of Ce³⁺ ion reduction was found to decrease obviously, and the anodic peak current to decrease even more significantly. Differential UV spectra of Ce³⁺ ion depicted hyperchromic effect after the reaction of these two species and a new peak of 272 nm was found. Differential …

The Study Of Poly [N-(3-Ferrocene Acetamino Propyl- Pyrrole] Film Modified Glucose Electrode, Cheng-Yun Tian, Jing Chen, Li Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

A poly [N-(3-ferrocene-acetamino-propyl-pyrrole)] film modified electrode was fabricated and studied by cyclic voltammetric method. The result shows that the modified electrode can give stable redox peaks of ferrocene, and an obvious catalytic peak due to glucose. This modified electrode was used to tabricate a glucose sensor which operates at +0.2 V, so that the ascorbic acid or uric acid doesn't affect the accuracy detection of glucose concentration. The sensor has a linear range of 0.1～10 mmol/L glucose, which the period of long term stability and response time of the sensor are about ten days and 2 min.

Multi-Site Proton Interactions With Natural Organic Matter, D. Scott Smith, James R. Kramer

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Water samples from various locations in Norway were used to isolate natural organic matter (NOM). The NOM was isolated using both reverse osmosis and low-pressure low-temperature evaporation for each sample site. These samples were titrated from -log[H⁺] 3 to 11 at 0.1 unit intervals. The data were analyzed using the Discrete Site Analysis (DISI) technique for pK_a intervals of 0.2. The acidity constants are grouped into four classes: strong (pK_a < 5), intermediate strong (5.1< pK_a < 7.5), intermediate weak (7.6 < pK_a < 9.2), and weak (pK_a > 9.3). All samples, regardless of isolation method, were found to contain strong and weak ligands, along with some intermediate ligands. For the same …

Fluorescence Analysis For Multi-Site Aluminum Binding To Natural Organic Matter, D. Scott Smith, James R. Kramer

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Natural organic matter (NOM) samples isolated from different water sources in Norway were compared using their fluorescence properties. Fluorescence surfaces were observed at pH 4.36 and deconvoluted using SIMPLISMA (Windig and Guilment 1991). There were a total of seven different fluorophores observed for these samples and each sampling site had between four and six ofthe fluorescent components. These components were observed to bind Al during titrations at the same pH. Multiresponse titration curves were fit using the method of Smith and Kramer (1998) and most of the binding strengths are similar to values for Suwannee River fulvic acid (1ogK’ between …

On-Road Remote Sensing Of Heavy-Duty Diesel Truck Emissions In The Austin- San Marcos Area: August 1998, Jerome A. Morris, Gary A. Bishop, Donald H. Stedman

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.