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Articles 5731 - 5760 of 15569
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
The Relationship Between Insect Visitors And Chemical Fragrance Composition Of Cypripedium Parviflorum Var. Pubescens In Central Virginia., Ruth Elkins
Student Scholar Showcase
Due to its rarity, little is known regarding which insects pollinate Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens, large yellow lady slipper orchids, and why they do so when offered no reward. Insect identification and fragrance composition data have been collected from two populations of large yellow lady slippers in Central Virginia for more than a decade. This research analyzed data in order to determine potential relationships between visiting insects and fragrance compositions of the orchid. The results of this research can be used to establish and protect populations of Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens.
Abiotic Stress And Anthocyanins Biosynthesis In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Carolanne Bekus
Abiotic Stress And Anthocyanins Biosynthesis In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Carolanne Bekus
Student Scholar Showcase
Crops and farmers today are facing unprecedented challenges due to the changing environment. The plants of the future need to be hardy to survive harsh environmental conditions such as increased temperature, and prolonged droughts. It is imperative to understand the mechanisms plants employ to protect themselves under these types of stresses. Anthocyanins are pigments of the flavonoid subclass produced by plants. They impart red to purple color to flowers, fruits, and seeds. They also have antioxidant properties and they contribute to stress tolerance in plants. They are understood to be produced under abiotic stresses in order to protect the plant. …
Mobilization Of Calcium Across Mineralized Tissues In Yellow Perch, Perca Flavescens, Taylor Bopp
Mobilization Of Calcium Across Mineralized Tissues In Yellow Perch, Perca Flavescens, Taylor Bopp
Student Scholar Showcase
Bones in many higher teleost fish, such as percids and centrarchids, lack osteocytes that function as both chemo- and mechano-sensors, and thus, are not actively involved in homeostasis of blood calcium level. Nonetheless, the vertebrae of yellow perch, Perca flavescens (P. flavescens), living in darker and low calcium (Ca) water, have demonstrated adaptive modeling and remodeling of vertebrae to be more mineralized and thus enhance transmission of the axial muscle torque into the thrust force for the C-start predator escape behavior. The prey-predator interaction is expected to occur at closer range between prey fish and predator fish in …
A Chemical In Filter Paper Interferes With Trail Following Behavior In The Termite Reticulitermes Hesperus (Banks), Kathryn Vest
A Chemical In Filter Paper Interferes With Trail Following Behavior In The Termite Reticulitermes Hesperus (Banks), Kathryn Vest
Student Scholar Showcase
Termites follow chemical trails. In previous experiments we dissolved and diluted chemicals in acetone to test if they elicited trail following. Each trail was a straight line across the arena drawn with 10 µl using a glass capillary (Microcaps). We noticed a minor but stable response to trails laid with pure acetone. The response could be caused by contaminated acetone or by a chemical in the filter paper (Watman #5) that lined our arena (petri dish, 10cm diameter). We could confirm that the termites respond to acetone alone. Soxkhlet extraction for 8 hours removed the signal from the filter paper. …
Age Status Effects On Female Silk Production And Male Courtship Response In Dolomedes Scriptus, Joseph Osborne
Age Status Effects On Female Silk Production And Male Courtship Response In Dolomedes Scriptus, Joseph Osborne
Student Scholar Showcase
Female Dolomedes scriptus, the striped fishing spider, serve as model organisms exhibiting pheromone production as a means of chemical signaling. Previous work has shown that male fishing spiders are responsive to female silk, and preferentially court in the presence of silk from mature virgins. In our research, we hypothesized that mature females produced larger quantities of silk than penultimate females in an attempt to elicit greater male mating response. Female spiders of both age statuses were kept for two days in a gridded tank. Sub-sampling of silk lines that crossed a random portion of the grid produced results signifying …
Reduction Of Amine Emissions From An Aqueous Amine Carbon Dioxide Capture System Using Charged Colloidal Gas Aphrons, Xiaobing Li, Jesse G. Thompson, Kunlei Liu
Reduction Of Amine Emissions From An Aqueous Amine Carbon Dioxide Capture System Using Charged Colloidal Gas Aphrons, Xiaobing Li, Jesse G. Thompson, Kunlei Liu
Center for Applied Energy Research Faculty Patents
The present invention includes a system and process to reduce amine mist emissions (or MEA) from carbon capture systems using colloidal gas aphrons (CGA), and includes a method for separating and recovering an amine solvent (e.g., in the form of entrained droplets/mist and/or fine aerosol particles) from a carbon dioxide scrubbed flue gas stream exiting a carbon capture system (e.g., oil-fired power plants, coal-fired power plants, and/or natural gas combined cycle plants).
Evidence For A Bind-Then-Bend Mechanism For Architectural Dna Binding Protein Ynhp6a, Manas Kumar Sarangi, Viktoriya Zvoda, Molly Nelson Holte, Nicole A. Becker, Justin Peters, L. James Maher Iii, Anjum Ansari
Evidence For A Bind-Then-Bend Mechanism For Architectural Dna Binding Protein Ynhp6a, Manas Kumar Sarangi, Viktoriya Zvoda, Molly Nelson Holte, Nicole A. Becker, Justin Peters, L. James Maher Iii, Anjum Ansari
Faculty Work
The yeast Nhp6A protein (yNhp6A) is a member of the eukaryotic HMGB family of chromatin factors that enhance apparent DNA flexibility. yNhp6A binds DNA nonspecifically with nM affinity, sharply bending DNA by >60◦. It is not known whether the protein binds to unbent DNA and then deforms it, or if bent DNA conformations are ‘captured’ by protein binding. The former mechanism would be supported by discovery of conditions where unbent DNA is bound by yNhp6A. Here, we employed an array of conformational probes (FRET, fluorescence anisotropy, and circular dichroism) to reveal solution conditions in which an 18- base-pair DNA oligomer …
Design And Synthesis Of A Novel Lsoxazoline As A Potential Pam-Agonist, Josselyn Roosenberg
Design And Synthesis Of A Novel Lsoxazoline As A Potential Pam-Agonist, Josselyn Roosenberg
Honors Theses
Progression of Alzheimer's disease is associated with a loss of Ml receptor activation in the brain. However, a lack of clinical success following attempts to activate the Ml receptor at the orthosteric site has contributed to a transition towards the allosteric pocket of the receptor. Here, positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) interact to potentiate the acetylcholine response. Recent research proposes that optimization of PAM activity at the expense of intrinsic agonism may posit a means to limit adverse side effects. Therefore, this project proposes a design and synthesis of a novel isoxazoline as a potent PAM agent with weak intrinsic agonism.
Analysis Of Dl-Amino Acid Ratios In Eggshells Using Reverse Phase-High Pressure Liquid Chromatography, Gergana Milkova
Analysis Of Dl-Amino Acid Ratios In Eggshells Using Reverse Phase-High Pressure Liquid Chromatography, Gergana Milkova
Honors Theses
HPLC methodology was developed to determine the concentrations and ratios of D to L amino acids in emu and ostrich eggshells treated with heat at different temperatures . We aimed to determine an internal standard and how ratios were affected under different conditions. An HPLC method was determined that gave consistent retention times and satisfactory enantioseparation . Calibration curves for each amino acid were developed from single and multi-amino acid containing dilution series producing a model that most closely replicates the eggshell-extracted amino acids.
Application Of The Picoloyl Group In Carbohydrate Chemistry, Michael Mannino
Application Of The Picoloyl Group In Carbohydrate Chemistry, Michael Mannino
Dissertations
Stereocontrol of glycosylation reactions is a constant struggle in the field of synthetic carbohydrate chemistry. The application of the picoloyl (Pico) substituent can offer numerous stereocontrolling avenues. The most popular application is the Hydrogen-bond-mediated Aglycone Delivery (HAD) method that provides excellent selectivity in the glycosylation of a variety of sugar substrates. The HAD method relies on the formation of an intermolecular hydrogen bond between the nitrogen atom of the Pico substituent on the glycosyl donor with the hydroxyl group of the glycosyl acceptor. This interaction provides a facial preference for the nucleophilic attack and hence provides powerful stereocontrol for the …
A Non-Natural Nucleotide Uses A Specific Pocket To Selectively Inhibit Telomerase Activity, Wilnelly Hernandez-Sanchez, Wei Huang, Brian Plucinsky, Nelson Garcia-Vazquez, Nathaniel J. Robinson, William P. Schiemann, Anthony J. Berdis, Emmanuel Skordalakes, Derek J. Taylor
A Non-Natural Nucleotide Uses A Specific Pocket To Selectively Inhibit Telomerase Activity, Wilnelly Hernandez-Sanchez, Wei Huang, Brian Plucinsky, Nelson Garcia-Vazquez, Nathaniel J. Robinson, William P. Schiemann, Anthony J. Berdis, Emmanuel Skordalakes, Derek J. Taylor
Chemistry Faculty Publications
Telomerase, a unique reverse transcriptase that specifically extends the ends of linear chromosomes, is up-regulated in the vast majority of cancer cells. Here, we show that an indole nucleotide analog, 5-methylcarboxyl-indolyl-2′-deoxyriboside 5′-triphosphate (5-MeCITP), functions as an inhibitor of telomerase activity. The crystal structure of 5-MeCITP bound to the Tribolium castaneum telomerase reverse transcriptase reveals an atypical interaction, in which the nucleobase is flipped in the active site. In this orientation, the methoxy group of 5-MeCITP extends out of the canonical active site to interact with a telomerase-specific hydrophobic pocket formed by motifs 1 and 2 in the fingers domain and …
Isolation And Characterization Of Novel Arginine-Derived Heterocyclic Amines, Nathaniel Srikureja
Isolation And Characterization Of Novel Arginine-Derived Heterocyclic Amines, Nathaniel Srikureja
Honors Theses
Most known heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are potent mutagens present at significant concentrations in cooked meats, and can be synthesized from burned mixtures of L-creatin(in)e with various amino acids. We hypothesize that novel mutagenic HCAs may be synthesized from a heated plant-based food simulating binary amino acid mL'\:ture: L-arginine and L-threonine. A two-part solid phase extraction was used to separate nitrogen heterocycles from byproducts followed by prep HPLC and the Ames mutagenicity assay using Salmonella TA98 to determine the mutagenicity of various isolates. The results indicate that this binary amino acid mixture does not yield a mutagenic sample.
The Potential Of Marine Microbes, Flora And Fauna In Drug Discovery, Santana Alexa Lavonia Thomas
The Potential Of Marine Microbes, Flora And Fauna In Drug Discovery, Santana Alexa Lavonia Thomas
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Natural products are chemical compounds synthesized by a living organism. These compounds have been utilized by humans from ancient times to the present for their pharmacological and biological activities. Terrestrial organisms are considered a lucrative source of bioactive compounds and chemical diversity. Within the past 60 years, the marine environment has presented its potential as a validated source for structural diversity and biologically active compounds. Technology has given access from shallow waters down to the abyssal plane for exploration and investigation of the inhabitants. Marine organisms have displayed their benefits in the pharmaceutical industry with the approval of several marine-derived …
Hour-Level Resolution On Consumption Pattern Of Substance Abuse, Jarrett Mauk, Rhiannon Huffines, Brittney Nelson, Tara Croft, Bikram Subedi
Hour-Level Resolution On Consumption Pattern Of Substance Abuse, Jarrett Mauk, Rhiannon Huffines, Brittney Nelson, Tara Croft, Bikram Subedi
Scholars Week
Conventional survey-based approaches of determining the consumption statistics of drugs in communities are suffered from non-response biases, and typically underestimate the actual consumption. Time and cost-intensive conventional approaches, therefore, can’t be utilized to determine high-resolution temporal variability in drug consumption. In this study, the temporal trend of consumption of 10 illicit and 26 prescribed neuropsychiatric drugs was determined at hour-level resolution utilizing wastewater-based epidemiology. The hourly composite raw wastewater (every 10 minutes) samples were collected for three consecutive days in a typical week (total of 72 samples), analyzed for target drug residues using UPLC-MS/MS, and back-calculated the consumption rate of …
The Iupac Gold Book Website, Stuart J. Chalk
The Iupac Gold Book Website, Stuart J. Chalk
Showcase of Faculty Scholarly & Creative Activity
In the past 100 years IUPAC has become well known for the development of nomenclature standards for chemicals and terminology for communication of chemically related concepts. Initially published in IUPAC's Pure and Applied Chemistry (PAC), terminology recommendations have been incorporated into the IUPAC Color Books published by the divisions. Subsequently, many terms from the color books have been incorporated into the Gold Book - the Compendium of Chemical Terminology. While the work to date as been focused on the standardization of concept (term) definitions for human use, the aggregated set of all PAC recommendations on terminology constitutes a corpus of …
Synthesis Of An Ideal Inhibitor For The Lpxc Enzyme, Taejun Lee
Synthesis Of An Ideal Inhibitor For The Lpxc Enzyme, Taejun Lee
Honors Theses
Due to the growing need of antibiotics in modern day medicine, this study attempts to apply a method of medicinal chemistry that would create a novel inhibitor for a lesser known target of gram negative bacteria, the LpxC enzyme. This study proposes that a synthetic plan which consists of combining components of different molecules would create a more effective inhibitor. These components include a binding group for the active site of the enzyme, a hydrophobic chain which has been shown to interact with an allosteric site on the LpxC enzyme, and the isoxazoline ring which interacts with the zinc ion. …
Effects Of Electrical Stimulation On Glioma Cells In Vitro With Implications For Treating Chronic Pain: Development Of A Model System, David C. Platt
Effects Of Electrical Stimulation On Glioma Cells In Vitro With Implications For Treating Chronic Pain: Development Of A Model System, David C. Platt
Theses and Dissertations
Glial cells comprise over 70% of the central nervous system cells and exhibit diverse functions including regulation of synaptic transmission, neuron protection/repair, maintenance of neuronal metabolism, and are implicated in the development of persistent neuropathic pain. In addition, a perturbation in the concentration of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) has likewise been associated with the development of a chronic pain state. This perturbation in ROS/RNS creates an environment of oxidative stress. However, the mechanism by which the pain signal transmission is modulated, and the roles ROS play in the perpetuation of the pain state are …
Development Of Ruthenium Drugs As Anticancer Agents, Daniel Boy
Development Of Ruthenium Drugs As Anticancer Agents, Daniel Boy
Chemistry & Biochemistry Student Projects
An overview of literature that outlines the research methods of the development of proposed Ruthenium based anti-cancer agents.
Drug Improvement And Design Involving G-Protein Coupled Receptors, Gabriel Saliba
Drug Improvement And Design Involving G-Protein Coupled Receptors, Gabriel Saliba
Chemistry & Biochemistry Student Projects
No abstract provided.
A Chemical Overview Of Opioid Receptors And Their Agonists, Noah Kuszak
A Chemical Overview Of Opioid Receptors And Their Agonists, Noah Kuszak
Chemistry & Biochemistry Student Projects
This work is a brief overview of the three main opioid receptors and some current research of the ways we can change the agonists and how they affect the opioid receptor pathway.
Dentin Biomodification Potency Of Proanthocyanidins, David J. Ryker
Dentin Biomodification Potency Of Proanthocyanidins, David J. Ryker
Chemistry & Biochemistry Student Projects
No abstract provided.
Putting The I In Science, Naomi Kirkvold
Putting The I In Science, Naomi Kirkvold
Honors Program: Expanded Learning Clubs
This club gets kids interested in science in ways that they may not have experienced in a classroom by doing weekly experiments.
Synthesis And Characterization Of Degradable Polymers, Christopher Collins
Synthesis And Characterization Of Degradable Polymers, Christopher Collins
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
A degradable polymer with proposed applications in drug delivery was synthesized and characterized. This polymer was grown from a difunctional initiator, a "core" that is able to grow two polymer chains and able to degrade in the presence of oxidizing agents such as peroxides. During the first part of this project, poly(methyl methacrylate) was synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization using commercially-available reagents in order to develop an optimal synthesis technique. This technique was then used to synthesize the degradable polymer. After introducing hydrogen peroxide, the molecular weight of the degradable polymer decreased in two different experiments, confirming its hypothesized …
Quantification Of Tylosin Antibiotics In Cattle Waste, Appala Keerthi
Quantification Of Tylosin Antibiotics In Cattle Waste, Appala Keerthi
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Antibiotics are used as prophylactic agents to promote growth and for treating infections in animals. However, the irrational use of antibiotics in livestock management is a significant cause of the development of antibioticresistant genes in the environment. Each year 2 million people suffer from the infections caused by bacteria which are resistant to antibiotics and 23,000 of these people are estimated to die because of antibiotic resistance. New drugs are continually coming into the market but are at the risk of developing resistance. Thus, there is a need for the development of analytical methods which can be used to monitor …
Developing Tale Proteins As A Biosensor For Detecting Pathogen Specific Double-Stranded Dna, Kathrine Gaiko
Developing Tale Proteins As A Biosensor For Detecting Pathogen Specific Double-Stranded Dna, Kathrine Gaiko
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
Transcription activator-like effector (TALE) proteins are important for DNA binding. They bind to specific nucleotide sequences by the use of two residues in each repeat allowing them to target specific DNA sequences. Their modular structure makes TALEs advantageous over other DNA binding proteins such as zinc finger proteins. Zinc finger proteins (ZFP) use a finger like projection to bind 3-4 subsequence base pairs while TALE proteins use two amino acid residues in each repeat to bind one nucleotide. ZFP can use SEER-Lac system for colorimetric detection, while TALE proteins can use fluorescence labeling with Alexa for detection of binding to …
An Evaluation Of Elemental Composition Of Soils Associated With Ground Nesting Ants In The Family Formicidae In Somerset County, Maine, Haley H. Depner
An Evaluation Of Elemental Composition Of Soils Associated With Ground Nesting Ants In The Family Formicidae In Somerset County, Maine, Haley H. Depner
All Student Scholarship
Ants are keystone organisms and engineers in many ecosystems, playing an important role in nutrient cycling and rearrangement of organic and inorganic materials through foraging, waste management and, in subterranean species, nest construction and maintenance. In this study, I conducted elemental analysis of soils for calcium, copper, iron, potassium, manganese and zinc in and around the colonies of subterranean nesting ants. The two-step analysis used in this study utilizes the efficiency of X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectrometry to look for overall trends in elemental composition followed by Flame Atomic Absorbance (AA) to achieve higher resolution of select elements of interest as …
Growth, Lipid Production And Biodiesel Potential Of Chromulina Freiburgensis Dofl., An Acidophilic Chrysophyte Isolated From Berkeley Pit Lake, June E. Mohler Mitman
Growth, Lipid Production And Biodiesel Potential Of Chromulina Freiburgensis Dofl., An Acidophilic Chrysophyte Isolated From Berkeley Pit Lake, June E. Mohler Mitman
Graduate Theses & Non-Theses
Microalgae remain a promising, but underdeveloped source of lipids for sustainable biodiesel. Some of the obstacles to cost-effective commercial-scale production have been culture contamination and expensive harvest methods. A chrysophyte isolated from Berkeley Pit Lake and identified as Chromulina freiburgensis, was found to grow rapidly in a pH 2.5 liquid medium and to amass numerous intracellular lipid bodies. This research addresses the scarcity of published knowledge on the topic of chrysophyte species as potential lipid sources for biodiesel. It investigates how growth phase, culture conditions, and harvest timing influence the quantity and composition of lipids produced by this alga. …
Investigating The Kinetics Of Clay-Catalyzed Conversion Of Anthracene To Prebiotically Relevant 9,10-Anthroquinone, Hope Juntunen
Investigating The Kinetics Of Clay-Catalyzed Conversion Of Anthracene To Prebiotically Relevant 9,10-Anthroquinone, Hope Juntunen
Masters Theses & Doctoral Dissertations
The presence polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the primordial Earth can be attributed to carbonaceous meteorites bombarding planetary surfaces. Subsequently, the PAHs reacted with catalytic clay mineral surfaces to produce quinones that functioned as electron transporters in emergent biological systems. To address this hypothesis, we assessed the kinetics of anthracene (ANTH) conversion to 9,10-anthraquinone (ANTHQ) in the presence of montmorillonite and kaolinite clay (MONT and KAO, respectively) over the temperature range 25 to 250 oC. Apparent rates of conversion were concentration independent and displayed a sigmoidal relationship with temperature, and conversion efficiencies ranged from 0.027 to 0.066%. Conversion was not …
Human Serum Albumin Nanoparticles For The Treatment Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Mina Hibino
Human Serum Albumin Nanoparticles For The Treatment Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Mina Hibino
Senior Honors Theses
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive and destructive cancer of the liver. Currently available treatment plans are locoregional therapies aimed to decrease tumor burden, resection that surgically removes the tumor, or systemic therapies for advanced stage to extend survival. However, decompensation post-locoregional treatment and recurrence rates for HCC remain high despite the different treatment modalities. There is a great need for alternative and more effective treatment methods that will further dampen tumor burden while decreasing the risk of intra- and extrahepatic spread. The goal of this project was to develop a non-invasive therapeutic treatment to target HCC cells using human …
Development Of Nanomaterial Supports For The Study Of Affinity-Based Analytes Using Ultra-Thin Layer Chromatography, Allegra Pekarek
Development Of Nanomaterial Supports For The Study Of Affinity-Based Analytes Using Ultra-Thin Layer Chromatography, Allegra Pekarek
Department of Chemistry: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Ultra-thin layer chromatography (UTLC) is a growing field in analytical separations. UTLC is a branch of planar and liquid chromatography that is related to thin layer chromatography. The main advantage of UTLC compared to other techniques is it uses much less material, allowing for faster and more sensitive separations to take place. The UTLC devices fabricated in this project used either silicon oxide or silicon nanopillars deposited on a glass slide using glancing angle deposition (GLAD). Even a thin layer of these nanopillars deposited on a glass slide provide a large surface area for the analyte to be separated. GLAD …