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Erratum: Light Scattering Studies Of Rotational And Vibrational Relaxations Of Acetonitrile In Carbon Tetrachloride, Scott Whittenburg

Chemistry Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Comparative Enzymology Of Glyoxalase I, Christina Margaret Schimandle

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

The role of the metal ion in rat erythrocyte glyoxalase I was evaluated. The apoenzyme was formed by dialysis against an EDTA-imidazole buffer. Fluorescence studies of the Mg⁺⁺- and Mn⁺⁺-dansylated glyoxalase I's suggest that the metal ion is near the active site of the enzyme and participates in the catalytic reaction. Stereochemical studies of the conversion of methylglyoxal to S-lactoylglutathione with Mg⁺⁺, Mn⁺⁺, Co⁺⁺ and Ni⁺⁺-glyoxalase I's show that the 0-lactate of S-lactoylglutathione (97±1.5%) is formed. This result suggests that the reaction mechanism is the same with a change …

New Header Treatment Aids Weevil Control, J H. Moulden

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

A new insecticide formulation supplied in high pressure cylinders simplifies weevil control in headers.

Compact Compacts: Models: A Simple (And Tasty) Model For Electron Clouds, John T. Moore

Faculty Publications

A simple (and tasty) model for demonstrating the electron cloud concept; and a classroom visualization of ethylene II and II* molecular orbitals.

Thermodynamics And Statistical Mechanics Of The Ideally Polarisable Electrode Gibbs Isotherm And Surface Tension, Jean-Pierre Badiali, Jerry Goodisman

Chemistry - All Scholarship

A definition of the ideally polarisable electrode which allows a general statistical mechanical treatment is given, comparisons with the usual thermodynamic approach being made. It is shown that, with this definition, the system behaves as a pure capacitance to an imposed alternating potential of sufficiently low frequency. The equilibrium states of the system are described by the grand canonical distribution. Thermodynamic functions, given in terms of the grand canonical partition function, can be computed in molecular terms: In particular, general expressions for the surface tension and the pressure are obtained, and compared to those proposed by various authors. The separation …

The Vapor Phase Oxidation Of 1, 3-Pentadiene, David E. Sasser

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

The vapor phase oxidation of 1.3-pentadiene, over heterogeneous catalysts, was investigated with the objective of producing 2,4-pentadienal and 2,4-pentadienoic acid. Copper and cobalt-molybdenum catalysts, both supported and unsupported, were utilized at various reaction temperatures, residence times and feed ratios. The matter of 1,3-pentadiene vaporization and introduction into the reactor system proved to be critical. Low temperature vaporization of the hydrocarbon and dilution with the oxidant, air, was found to be necessary to avoid polymerization of the feed. Alumina-supported catalysts were found to be very active, leading to severe cracking of the hydrocarbon feed and subsequent carbonization of the catalysts. Silica-supported …

Freezing Points Of Aqueous Alcohols: Free Energy Of Interaction Of The Choh, Ch₂, Conh And C[Double Bond]C Functional Groups In Dilute Aqueous Solutions, B. Y. Okamoto, R. H. Wood, Peter T. Thompson

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Works

The freezing temperatures of dilute aqueous solutions of methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, butanol, t-butanol, cyclohexanol and ethylene glycol were measured over the concentration range 0.1 to 1 mol kg–1. Osmotic coefficients at 0°C were calculated. The limiting pairwise interaction coefficients of the alcohols, plus a variety of polyhydroxy compounds and carbohydrates, were calculated at 25°C from the available data and then correlated using the additivity principle of Savage and Wood. This correlation approximates effective free energies of CH2 and CHOH group interactions with themselves and with each other. Literature data were used to estimate interactions between CONH and C[double bond]C groups. …

Rapidly Converging Activity Expansions For Representing The Thermodynamic Properties Of Fluid Systems: Gases, Non-Electrolyte Solutions, Weak And Strong Electrolyte Solutions, R. H. Wood, T. H. Lilley, Peter T. Thompson

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Works

For dilute gases and non-electrolyte solutions in the McMillan–Mayer standard state, an activity expansion due to Mayer has great advantages over the normal concentration expansion (virial equation) for strongly associating species. For weakly interacting systems, both approaches are suitable. The activity expansion eliminates the need to differentiate between strong “chemical” interactions and weak “physical” interactions since the same equation is used in each situation. The equation has been modified to represent electrolyte solutions in the McMillan–Mayer standard state by requiring that it be consistent with the Debye–Hückel and higher order limiting laws for strong electrolytes and that it be equivalent …

In Situ Intercalation Of Tas2 In The Electron Microscope, G. Tatlock, Juana Acrivos

Faculty Publications, Chemistry

Electron diffraction had been used to study the formation of a variety of complex superlattices in the 1T, 2H and 4Hb polytypes of TaS2 during intercalation with hydrazine gas (N2H4), in situ in the electron microscope. Results are presented over the temperature range 15K-360K and are interpreted in terms of scattering from periodic lattice distortions linked to charge density waves. Comparisons are also made with similar effects in both the as-grown crystals and the TaS2 samples containing other adducts.

Specificity Of Antisera Against Hordeum Vulgare Ribonuclease And Serological Quantitation Of The Enzyme In Tissue Extracts, Steven Bryan Hawthorne

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Specific rabbit antisera against purified seedling RNase I from both a hardy (Dicktoo) and less-hardy (Tennessee Winter) cultivar of winter barley was obtained using a 1 mg injection schedule. Both antisera formed a single precipitin band on double immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis when reacted with the homologous crude tissue extract. RNase antigen from either cultivar was highly cross-reactive with both antisera. Passive hemagglutination inhibition was used in an attempt to distinguish purified RNase from both cultivars. A consistent difference in anti-RNase serum specificity between cultivars was shown, but the difference observed by this method was not sufficient to conclude structural differences …

Concentration Of Radionuclides In Dardanelle Lake, Arkansas, David M. Chittenden Ii, Larry Mcfadden

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Concentrations of the nuclides ⁹⁰Sr - ⁹⁰Y, ¹⁴⁴Ce - ¹⁴⁴Pr, ¹³⁷Cs, ³⁸Co, ¹¹⁰ͫAg, ¹⁴¹Ce and ⁸⁹Sr have been measured monthly since November, 1975. The results from the period September, 1976, to August, 1977, depend on the relative intensities of the sources of the radionuclides; emissions from Nuclear I, the Chinese nuclear tests of Fall, 1976, and fallout from older atmospheric tests.

Amperometric Determination Of Chemical Oxygen Demand, Catherine Eckert Hutchins

Masters Theses

A method is described for measuring the low level --5 to 50 ppm-- chemical oxygen demand (COD) of water samples by amperometric titration. The method involves digestion of the sample with potassium dichromate in a 50% sulfuric acid solution using one-fifth the reagents and sample required for the standard COD method. This is followed by an amperometric titration using a standard ferrous ammonium sulfate solution and employing a rotating platinum electrode in a three-electrode potentiostatic system. The titration is carried out at a potential of +0.80 volts versus a saturated calomel electrode, thus eliminating the need for O₂ purging …

Ergosterol Effect On The Desaturation Of 14c-Cis-Vaccenate In Tetrahymena, Tiee-Chyau Miin

Masters Theses

Supplement of ergosterol to the growth medium of the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis W leads to incorporation of the foreign sterol within cell membranes and suppression of synthesis of the native sterol-like compound tetrahymanol, as well as to changes in the fatty acid compositions of several major classes of membrane lipid. Alteration of fatty acid composition is thought to represent a regulatory mechanism whereby optimum membrane fluidity is maintained when the slightly dissimilar foreign sterol is added into the phospholipid bilayer of the membranes.

The present study, using several different conditions of growth temperature, substrate concentrations and incubation time, and …

Nucleophilic Substitution At Phosphorus In Six-Membered Ring Phosphate Esters, Mike Bauman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

From these results the following conclusions may be drawn: 1. The stereochemistry of nucleophilic substitution at phosphorus is influenced by the basicity of the leaving group with the more basic leaving group favoring retention. 2. Lithium ion diverts the reaction to retention by forming an intimate ion-pair with the nucleophile which then attacks phosphorus. This associated ion is less reactive than the unassociated nucleophile. 3. For the retention mechanism the leaving group participates in the rate determining step. 4. The mechanism for retention entails a more sterically unfavorable configuration than for inversion.

Studies On The Gas Given Off By Yeast When It Goes From An Anaerobic To Aerobic Metabolism, David C. Potts

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Several investigators have observed that when yeast cells (yeast) go from a strictly anaerobic environment to an aerobic oner and glucose is added a negative value is recorded on the manometer. This phenomenon indicates that a gas has been given off by the yeast. The purpose of this research was to identify the gas and determine how it arises.

Molybdenum(V) Solutions In Hydrobromic Acid, Edwin Charles Perley

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Interest in the coordination chemistry of molybdenum has increased greatly in recent years because of the discovery that molybdenum plays an active role in several redox enzymes. Model systems have been devised to gain insight into the function of molybdenum in these enzymes. Most model systems are believed to contain an oxomolybdate(V) dimer in equilibrium with a redox active monomer or dimer. A relatively simple system that shows important similarities to model systems is a molybdenum(V) solution in hydrobromic or hydrochloric acid. As in the model systems, these solutions are believed to contain monomers and dimers in equilibrium. The equilibria …

The Joy Of Chemistry- Personal Impressions (Text And Audio), Frank D. Starkey

Honorees for Teaching Excellence

No abstract provided.

Protein Synthesis In Rabbit Reticulocytes: Characteristics Of A Ribosomal Factor That Reverses Inhibition Of Protein Synthesis In Heme-Deficient Lysates, R. O. Ralston, A. Das, A. Dasgupta, R. Roy, S. Palmieri, N. K. Gupta

Department of Chemistry: Faculty Publications

A ribosomal salt (0.5 M KCI) wash factor (RF) that reverses inhibition of protein synthesis in heme-deficient reticulocyte lysates has been resolved from the bulk of Met-tRNA_t^met- binding factor (EIF-1), Co-EIF-I, and EIF-2 (ternary complex dissociation factor, TDF). The purified RF restores protein synthesis activity of heme-deficient lysates to the level observed in the presence of hemin. No direct correlation exists between amount of EIF-i activity and ability to reverse inhibition of protein synthesis in heme-deficient lysates. Homogeneous preparations of EIF-i are completely inactive in reversal of protein synthesis inhibition in heme-deficient lysates. These findings suggest that …

The Effect Of Slow Two‐Electron Transfers And Disproportionation On Cyclic Voltammograms, Michael D. Ryan

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

The EE mechanism (two‐electron transfer) for cyclic voltammetry was investigated in considerable detail along with the effect of disproportionation. The theory was developed for either the first or second electron transfer being slow while the other one was reversible. It was possible to develop generalized working curves for the height and shape of the wave regardless of the difference in E^o's and the values of α and K_s. This theory was then applied to the analysis of the reduction of benzil in the presence of alkaline earth ions in dimethylformamide.

The 13C-Nmr Solid State Spectroscopy Of Various Classes Of Coals, Charles A. Wilkie, Daniel T. Haworth

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

The ¹³C-NMR spectra of various classes of coal obtained in the solid state show two resonances, one of which is assigned to aromatic carbon and the other to aliphatic carbon. The resonances are very broad with the high field resonance centered at about 7 ppm below tetramethylsilane and a low field resonance centered at about 140 ppm below tetramethysilane. Based on our previous solid state ¹³C-NMR studies of graphite and diamond, the high field resonance is typical of a sp³ carbon whereas the low fields resonance is assigned to a sp² carbon whereas the low fields …

The Solid State 13C-Nmr Spectra Of Some Carbides, Daniel T. Haworth, Charles A. Wilkie

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

The utility of NMR spectroscopy to the study of liquids or solids dissolved in liquids is well known. This technique has been used infrequently to studies in the solid state[I,2]. Work has been done on diamond, graphite and coa113-6]. The ¹³C-NMR of ebony and ivory have been studied by the magic angle technique[7]. The solid state ¹³C-NMR spectra of graphite and diamond can be interpreted in terms of tetrahedral (sp³) and trigonal planar (sp²) carbon atoms[8]. We now report our investigations using solid state ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy to study various types of carbides.

Synthesis And Flame Retardant Studies Of Bromoester Of 2,4-Pentadienoic Acid, Hessam Ghane

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

The synthesis and fire retardancy of several bromoesters of 2,4-pentadienoic acid were investigated. The synthesis of 2,4-pentadienoic acid was accomplished by liquid phase reaction of acrolein and malonic acid in the presence of pyridine. The conversion of the acid to bromoesters was performed by two different procedures. In the first procedure, the corresponding acid chloride was prepared from the acid via reaction with SOCl2 in the presence of powdered (3A°) molecular sieves. The molecular sieves serve as an internal trap for by-product HC1 and inhibit the competing polymerization reaction of the acid chloride. Reaction of the acid chloride with various …

Mechanism Of Phenyl Azide-1,2-Cyclonoadiene Adduct Formation And Isomerization Of This Adduct, Isom Harrison

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

A major purpose of this research was to investigate the mechanism of aryl azide addition to allenes. Much evidence has accumulated in support of a concerted mechanism for aryl azide additions to simple alkenes. Consistent with these findings, this addition is a symmetry allowed process. The analagous aryl azide additions to allenes have received little mechanistic study. The approach taken in this work was to probe the mechanism by using optically active 1,2-cyclonanadiene, observing the stereochemistry of the adduct formed upon addition of phenyl azide.

Another goal was to investigate the isomerization of the phenyl azide-1,2-cylononadiene adduct, 10-phenyl-10,11,12-triaza-△ 11 -bicyclo …

New Evidence Supporting The Assignment Of Glutamic Acid As An Iron Ligand In Hemerythrin, Patricia M. Gormley

Dissertations and Theses

The amino acid sequence determination of Phascolopsis gouldii hemerythrin in the region of the proposed iron ligand at position 58 was the main objective of this research endeavor. Generation of a large peptide was pursued by trypsin digestion of citraconylated hemerythrin producing peptide 50-113 for sequenator analysis. Detection of the phenylthiohydantoin amino acid derivatives by gas-liquid and high-performance-liquid chromatography yielded unambiguous sequence elucidation through the region of interest identifying residue 58 as glutamic acid.

Purification And Characterization Of Nadh Oxidase And Peroxidase From Lactobacillus Casei, Louise Ann Barstad

Dissertations and Theses

A protein exhibiting NADH oxidase and NADH peroxidase activity has been isolated from Lactobacillus casei in high purity. Evidence obtained through gel filtration, electrophoresis, and electrofocusing indicates that the two activities are characteristic of a single tetrameric protein with an approximate molecular weight of 240,000.

Chemistry Of Low-Valent Molybdenum Phosphite Complexes: Models Of Seven-Coordinate Reaction Intermediates, E. L. Muetterties, J. F. Kirner, W. J. Evans, S. Abdel-Meguid, I. Tavanaiepour, V. W. Day

Department of Chemistry: Faculty Publications

A simple synthesis of the zerovalent complex Mo[P(OCH₃)₃]₆ has been devised from a potassium reduction of MoCI₄(tetrahydrofuran)₂ followed by reaction with trimethyl phosphite at 70°. Protonation of this octahedral complex gave only low yields of the expected seven-coordinate hydride, HMo[P(OCH₃)₃]₆+. The major product was an octahedral nonhydridic cation, Mo[P(OCH₃)₃]₅P(OCH₃)₂+, derived from proton cleavage of the P─O phosphite ester bond. This octahedral cation was stereochemically nonrigid, apparently through facile methoxy group migration. Close packing by methoxy groups …

Regulation Of Protein Synthesis In Rabbit Reticulocyte Lysates By The Heme-Regulated Protein Kinase: Inhibition Of Interaction Of Met-TrnaFMet Binding Factor With Another Initiation Factor In Formation Of Met-TrnaFMet.4os Ribosomal Subunit Complexes, R. S. Ranu, I. M. London, A. Das, A. Dasgupta, A. Majumdar, R. Ralston, R. Roy, N. K. Gupta

Department of Chemistry: Faculty Publications

Protein synthesis in reticulocytes and their lysates is regulated by heme. In heme deficiency a heme-regulated translational inhibitor (HRI) that blocks initiation of polypeptide chains is activated. HRI is a protein kinase (ATP: protein phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.37) that specifically phosphorylates the 38,000-dalton subunit of the Met-tRNA_f^Met indin factor (IF), which forms a ternary complex with Met- tRNA_f^Met and GTP, a finding that suggests that the inhibition by HRI involves the phosphorylation of IF. We have investigated the effect of HRI in the partial reactions of protein chain initiation in which the IF-promoted binding of Met-tRNA_{f …}

Synthesis And Resolution Of Enantiomeric Quaternary Ammonium Halides, Wei Lee

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of the work described in this thesis was the synthesis of a new class of surfactants containing chiral cationic end groups and the synthesis of two chiral reactant molecules which would react in the presence of these surfactants. The structures of the surfactant and substrate molecules were designed to maximize their stereochemical interactions and in this way reveal details of the nature of micellar catalysis. In order to indicate why these structures were selected, several examples of micellar catalysis and the factors influencing it will be discussed in the following pages.

Thermodynamics Of Ion Association In Aqueous Solutions Of Sodium Sulfate, Sodium Carbonate And Sodium Bicarbonate, Yan-Chun Chung

Masters Theses

Stoichiometric association constants of NaSO₄^-, NaCO₃^- and NaHCO₃^- ion-pairs were determined over the temperature range 10 - 40°C at several ionic strengths by using a sodium ion selective electrode. At zero ionic strength values for K°_A,NaSO₄^- are 15.8 ± .4, 8.5 ± .2 and 4.6 ± .3 at 10°, 25° and 40°C, respectively; like values for K°_A,NaCO₃^- are 17.1 ± 1.4, 19.1 ± .6 and 21.0 ± .7. Values for K°_A,NaHCO₃° are 3.35 ± .07 and 6.75 ± .02 at 25°C …

A Solid State 13C-Nmr Study Of Diamonds And Graphites, Charles A. Wilkie, Thomas C. Ehlert, Daniel T. Haworth

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

The ¹³C-NMR spectra of gem quality and industrial diamonds show two resonances with the more intense resonance at high field. Two resonances are also shown in ¹³C-NMR spectra of various graphites; however, the low field resonance is of greater intensity than the high field resonance in the graphites. The resonances are very broad and they are assigned to graphite type (sp²) carbon and diamond type (sp³) carbon.