Digital Commons Network^™

Synthesis Of Organometallic Polymers, Po-Chang Chiang

Masters Theses

By the middle of the nineteenth century, organic chemists found high molecular weight compounds as by-products of some of their experiments. These compounds were thought of as products of a failed reaction. It was not until sixty years ago that the first polymers were deliberately synthesized. Today polymers are used in almost every facet of life and they are becoming more important with each passing day.

This research project focused on synthesizing conducting organometallic polymers. By linking aromatic rings with transition metals, the resultant polymers should have good electrical conductivity because of the interaction of (a) the p electrons on …

Reactions Of Dicarbonyl Compounds With Wittig & Wittig-Horner Reagents, Sadiah Eltayeb Makky

Archived Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Design Of Stable Di And Tetraradical Nitroxides As Magnetic Resonance Imaging Agents, Radha V. Iyer

Theses

Several nitroxides have been prepared in the Biotechnology Laboratory at NJIT to study their image enhancement capability. These nitroxides contain different moieties within one molecule and their paramagnetism is found to be initially increasing proportionally to the number of their radical centers. It is found that the addition of nitroxides at very close distances causes interference and a reduction of intensity due to the interaction of the two paramagnetic centers with each other. Thus MRI contrast agents are not improved by simple addition of nitroxide centers to a given molecule and drug designers must pay special attention to intramolecular spacing. …

The Removal Hcl From Hot Gases With Calcium Compounds, Qian Lao

Theses

The use of CaCO₃, Ca(OH)₂, and CaO as adsorbents for removal of HCl from hot gas streams is investigated through a series of experiments. The experiments are conducted to evaluate the influence of key parameters such as temperature, (500 K to 1000 K), particle size, (0.037 mm to 3.36 mm), pressure drop of the packed bed, (0.1 cm H₂O to 25.5 cm H₂O), and concentration of CCl in the feed gas, (1,550 ppm to 20,000 ppm), on HCl adsorption. The results of these experiments show that all three of the calcium compound …

The Use Of Henry's Law Constants In The Determination Of Factors That Influence Voc Concentration In Aqueous And Gaseous Phases In Wastewater Treatment Plant, Hui-Zhi Yu

Theses

This study focuses on the determination and comparison of Henry's law constant of eight selected volatile organic compounds in the wastewater of Linden Roselle Sewerage Authority (LRSA) wastewater treatment plant. The factors that influence the vapor-aqueous equilibrium were studied by calculating the Henry's law constants of the different species determined in the gas phase before and after the spiking of different aqueous media. Both centrifuged and uncentrifuged wastewater samples were studied, and compared to distilled water.

For wastewater sample with no suspended particles, the amount of organics in wastewater appears to influence the Henry's law constant for compounds with low …

Evidence For Helical Structures In Poly(1-Olefin Sulfones) By Transmission Electron Microscopy, George C. Ruben, W H. Stockmayer

Dartmouth Scholarship

Transmission electron microscope images were obtained of fractions of poly(1-tetradecene sulfone) and poly(cyclohexene sulfone) cast from very dilute solutions (0.007%, wt/vol) and rapidly freeze-dried on a mica surface. The samples were then vertically platinum-carbon (Pt-C) replicated with 9 +/- 0.3-A Pt-C and held together with 128 A of electron-transparent evaporated carbon. The Pt-C coating enlarges the molecular chain diameters by approximately 5 A, so that a single polysulfone chain has an apparent diameter of 9-12 A in the transmission electron microscope. Poly(1-tetradecene sulfone) forms short helical regions that show irregular helical turns of pitch 7-18 A, two to eight turns …

Synthesis Of New Reagents For The Detection Of Fingerprints And Amino Acids, Bjorn Borup '92

Honors Projects

DFO (1,8-Diazafluoren-9-one) is a new reagent for the detection of latent fingerprints. It reacts with amino acids present in fingerprints to give a fluorescent product, and is an improvement over ninhydrin which has been used in forensic laboratories for years. The object of this work was to synthesize new analogs of ninhydrin and DFO. The preparation of 9-Hcyclopenta[1,2-b:3,4-b'] dipyrazine-9-one (A) was attempted but was not successful. Currently the synthesis of 7H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine-S,6,7-trione (B) is being completed. The compound 9H-cyclopenta[1,2-b]pyrazine[3,4b] pyridine-9-one (C) will then be made from (B), an analog of ninhydrin.

Photochemistry Of Nitrous Acid And Nitrite Ion, Jane A. Johnson '92

Honors Projects

A study of the solution phase photochemistry of the nitrous acid/nitrite ion system in both water and non-aqueous solvents has been undertaken. Photolysis at 366nm of the aqueous system is known to form hydroxyl radical and nitric oxide. The relative contributions of the molecular and ionic forms to the photochemical production of radicals is unknown. Scavenging reactions of the hydroxyl radicals in aqueous and nonaqueous solution are used to determine the relative production of OH. formed by photolysis of HONO and N02-. Molecular nitrous acid is isolated from its conjugate base by extraction into benzene from water. The thermal decomposition …

Analysis Of Carbon Across The Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary, Andrew J. Carr '92

Honors Projects

Following the work of Wolbach et al., who studied reduced carbon across the 65 Ma-old Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction boundary, a study was conducted to analyze reduced carbon across the 92 Ma-old Cenomanian-Turonian (C-T) extinction horizon, in the hope that evidence could be gathered which might support a particular mechanism for these extinction events. Currently two sample sites are being analyzed for reduced carbon content at the C-T boundary: Red Wash, New Mexico and Chispa Summit, Texas. Both sample sites are from the Western Interior Basin of North America. During the time of the extinctions 92 million years ago, the basin was …

Involvement Of Free Radicals In Peroxidatic Reactions Catalyzed By Chloroperoxidase, David P. Provencal

Senior Scholar Papers

The mechanism of chloroperoxidase (CPO)-catalyzed peroxidatic reactions of several substituted hydroquinones was studied at various hydrogen peroxide concentrations. The pathway was studied using cytochrome c as the radical trapping agent. As the hydroquinones became more hindered there was a difference in the amount of radicals trapped. For hydroquinone, 59.3% radical pathway, and methylhydroquinone, 81.4% radical, the difference in radicals trapped is due to a difference in pathway. For 2,3-dimethylhydroquinone (75.4%), trimethylhydroquinone (44.5%), and t-butylhydroquinone (0%) other non-peroxidatic reactions are noticed. Thus, for the more substituted hydroquinones the difference in radicals trapped can not be assigned to a difference in radical …

Isolation Of Protein Synthesis Initiation Factors Using Volvox Carteri: A Clue To The Translational Control Of Cytodifferentiation, Claudia Hackethal

Honors Theses

Volvox carteri, a multicellular green algae, possesses two distinct cell types--the gonidia and somatic cells. This simple germ-soma dichotomy is ideal for the study of the control of cytodifferentiation. The control of cytodifferentiation in this organism has been identified as a posttranscriptional mechanism, which suggests translation. Initiation factors have been shown to play an important role in controlling translation in many other developmental systems. Therefore, study of the initiation factors in Volvox may shed light on a translational control mechanism. In order to study any modifications of these factors, they must be isolated, possibly by following an adapted wheat germ …

The Development Of An Improved Extraction Method For The Determination Of Cocaine Metabolite In Human Urine, Leanne M. Nieukirk '92

Honors Projects

Benzoyl ecgonine (BE) is the primary metabolite of cocaine. Detection of BE in urine is therefore an indication of cocaine usage. The goal of this research is to improve the extraction efficiency in order to increase the sensitivity of the method of determining cocaine usage through urine analysis. A technique was developed to efficiently extract BE from aqueous solution. Ultraviolet/Visible Spectroscopy was used to determine the extraction conditions for which optimum extraction of BE into organic solvent occurred.

Development Of Hplc-Ec Methodology & Its Use In The Determination Of The Daily Pattern Of Brain Octopamine Levels In Leucophaea Maderae, Maya Siddiqui

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

A solid phase extraction technique was developed to aid in removing interfering substances from the cockroach brain extract. Quantitative analysis of octopamine was subsequently achieved by HPLC with amperometric electrochemical detection. The procedure affords 80 to 100 percent recovery of octopamine. The presence of octopamine in brain extract was confirmed by GC-MS.

The daily pattern of brain octopamine levels in cockroach Leucophaea maderae was investigated using the HPLC-EC assay procedure. It was concluded that the concentration of brain octopamine in the cockroach L. maderae does not exhibit daily rhythm.

The Palladium (Ii) –Catalyzed Homogeneous Oxidation Of 1-Hexene, Margarita Kirova

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The Palladium(II)-catalyzed homogeneous oxidation of 1-hexene in methanolic medium has been studied, copper(II) chloride being used as cocatalyst. Aspects of the kinetics, mechanism and product composition were investigated in several series of oxidations involving variation of hexene concentration, oxygen partial pressure, Cu(II): Pd(II) ratio and concentration and temperature. The progress of the reaction was studied in the course of periodic sampling runs. Reaction products were identified by gas chromatography, and verified by means of GC/mass spectrometry. The expected product of 1-hexene oxidation was 2-hexeanone: however, 3-hexanone occurs as a major coproduct, arising from concurrent Pd(II)-catalyzed isomerization of 1-hexene to 2-hexene. …

Mobilization Of Iron Enhances The Iron-Dependent Biochemical Reactivity Of Asbestos In Vitro And Contributes To The Cytotoxicity Of Asbestos In Cultured Cells, Loren Glen Lund

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Asbestos related research began approximately 60 years ago, yet, the mechanism(s) by which asbestos exerts its biological effects is not well understood. The hypothesis upon which this dissertation is based is that mobilization of iron from asbestos enhances the iron-dependent biochemical reactivity of asbestos in vitro and contributes to asbestos-dependent cytotoxicity. The specific aims for this hypothesis were, 1) to determine whether iron was responsible for the biochemical reactivity of asbestos in vitro and asbestos-induced cytotoxicity in cultured cells, and 2) to determine whether mobilization of iron from asbestos enhanced the reactions catalyzed by asbestos in vitro and contributes to …

New Syntheses Of Diaryl Ethers, Tyrosinols, B-Hydroxytyrosinols, L,L-Isodityrosinol And L,L-Isodityrosine-Derived Agents Via The Diels-Alder Reaction, Xianqi Feng

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Syntheses of diaryl ethers were approached by use of a Diels-Alder reaction employing a new type of diene attached with an aryloxy group. Thus, 2-methyl-3-phenoxybutadiene (90b ), 2- methoxy-3-phenoxybutadiene (92b) and (4S)-3-(t- butyloxycarbony1)-2 ,2-dimethyl-4-( 4-(3-methoxy-1,3 -butadienyl-2- oxy )phenylmethyl]oxazolidine (93b) were synthesized in ~65% yields by methylenation of the carbonyl function in the corresponding 2- substituted acrylate aryl ester using Tebbe's reagent. The 1,3- bis[(trimethylsilyl)oxy ]-2-phenoxybutadiene (105) was made from 1-phenoxy-2-propanone (101) by a sequence of formylation and enolsilylation. Methyl propiolate (107) and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (113) were heated at reflux with diene 9 0 b and 92b in toluene to provide …

The Synthesis And Characterization Of Metal Binding Polymers Containing 2,2'-Biimidazole, R. A. Proctor

Opportunities for Undergraduate Research Experience Program (OURE)

Epoxides are known to form ring-opened polymer products that have demonstrated improved material strength, high heat stability, and chemical resistance as adhesives, coatings, and molding materials. It has been suggested that imidazoles can be used in the catalysis of this polymerization, and that the pyridyl nitrogen of the imidazole ring participates in epoxy ring-opening and is then incorporated in the polymeric structure. This study was conducted to test this theory of the role of pyridyl nitrogen in the reaction of 1,1'-dihydroxyethyl-2,2'- biimidazole (HEB) and metal-HEB complexes with the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA). Of particular interest in this study …

Viscoelastic Properties Of A Liquid-Crystalline Monomer And Its Dimer, Gregory A. Dilisi, Charles Rosenblatt, Anselm C. Griffin, Uma Hari

Faculty Publications

Quasielastic-light-scattering measurements are reported for a dialkoxyphenylbenzoate monomer and its dimer in their respective nematic phases. The splay and twist elastic moduli of the dimer are found to be nearly independent of molecular length. The dimer's bend modulus, however, shows an anomalous increase with decreasing temperature well below the nematic-isotropic phase transition. Monomer viscosities are consistent with typical literature values, although γ₁/η_splay and η_bend seem to be larger than expected for the dimer, where γ₁ is the twist viscosity. The results are discussed in terms of viscoelastic properties of semiflexible rods. The elastic properties in …

Optimization In Chemical Kinetics, Arthur T. Benjamin, Gordon J. Hogenson '92

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

No abstract provided in this article.

Thermal Analysis Of Milkweed Floss Using Tg/Ftir, Pei Gu

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The thermal analysis of milkweed and several individual commercial samples of .similar chemical composition has been carried out. By combining a two-stage thermal process. (pyrolysis-combustion) with TG-FTIR, it has been possible to identify the major organic volatile products during pyrolysis and to correlate gas evolution with the decomposition of the individual components (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) of the floss. During pyrolysis, acetic acid, formic acid and methanol are formed 1n addition to CO2, and H2O. The data also show that pyrolytic decomposition of the three chemical constituents of milkweed occur without any apparent synergistic interaction. The combustion of …

Thermal Properties Of Some Lipid Components Of Cell Membranes, Lihua Wei

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Phospholipids are the major structural components of the lipid portion of biological membranes. The study of the thermal properties of these phospholipid provides a systematic understanding of the relationships between the chemical structures and functional properties of phospholipid molecules in artificial and biological membranes. This study examined the thermal behavior of phospholipids in the solid state using DSC and TG coupled with FITR. The phospholipids were found to have phase transitions below the melting point. Egg-yolk lecithin had four transitions below its melting point; sphingomyelin had two phase transitions below its melting point. Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine had complex phase transitions. …

Single And Double Ionization Of Helium By Highly Charged Sulfur Ions, Karen M. Lifrieri

Masters Theses

Single and double ionization of helium by highly charged sulfur projectiles is investigated over an energy range of 0.16 to 1.6 MeV/u. Absolute cross sections for the processes of pure ionization, ionization associated with single capture, and ionization associated with single loss by S^6,13+ projectiles were experimentally determined and compared with previous results and theories. Ratios of double-tosingle ionization for each outgoing projectile charge state were also determined and compared with theory. The pure ionization ratios for S⁶⁺ at the highest energies investigated show the q²/E dependence predicted by Knudsen et al. (1984). For S^{13+ …}

Biodegradation Of Crude Oil By Marine Higher Fungi, Brian J. Dyer

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Four experiments were performed to determine the ability of marine higher fungi to grow in and degrade crude oil. Eight species, previously determined to be hydrocarbonoclastic, were grown in artificial sea water medium (ASM) and southern Louisiana crude oil. The dry mycelial weights were measured and consumption of crude oil was measured gravimetrically. The two species with the best growth, Corollospora maritima and Zalerion maritimum, were grown in ASM containing crude oil spiked with three known hydrocarbons. To this was added glucose (0.15%) and incubated 49 days to test for possible cometabolism of hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons remaining in the growth …

Vibrational Branching Ratios From The Dissociation Of The Neibr Van Der Waals Molecule, Sarah Anne Walter , '91, Thomas Alex Stephenson

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Works

The degree of vibrational excitation in the IBr fragment from the vibrational predissociation of NeIBr (A (3)PI(1)) has been measured using two-color pump-probe laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. We find that for the lowest initial vibrational states examined, DELTA-upsilon = -1 dissociation pathways dominate the dynamics, while this channel is closed for upsilon greater-than-or-equal-to 17. From this result, the A state binding energy (D0) of the complex is determined to be 67 +/- 4 cm-1, while that in the X electronic state is found to be 73 +/- 4 cm-1. The X state binding energy is identical to that for NeI2 and …

Calculation Of Barriers To Proton Transfer Using Variations Of Multiconfiguration Self‐Consistent‐Field Methods. Ii. Configuration Interaction, K. Luth, Steve Scheiner

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Various means are tested of including additional electron correlation into multiconfiguration self‐consistent‐field (MCSCF) methods for computing proton transfer potentials in HF₂⁻, H₇N₂⁺, H₃O₂⁻, and H₅O₂⁺. Configuration interaction allowing single excitations (CIS) and configuration interaction with single + double excitations (CISD) calculations are performed following MCSCF expansion of the wave function using various different MCSCF reference wave functions. The CISD results are excellent, being fairly independent of choice of reference space although it is important that the occupied orbitals be balanced between the …

Development Of A System For Survey Of Radon Concentration Of The Dayton Area Using A Liquid Scintillation Counter And Analysis Of The Data, Taewon Kim

Theses and Dissertations

A system to do a large scale survey was developed. The data obtained from the survey was analyzed using a database. The database incorporated an equation for converting cpm into radon concentration pCi/ℓ). The equation of conversion, protocol for measuring radon concentration, survey form, and a database program were modified (from previous theses) or developed for this thesis. The elution time constant, adsorption time constant, and calibration factor were calculated for equation of conversion. Two surveys were during the course of the thesis. On the first survey, the arithmetic average radon concentration with standard error of the mean was 2.9 …

Evidence For Atomic Processes In Molecular Valence Double Ionization, U. Becker, Oliver Hemmers, B. Langer, A. Menzel, R. Wehlitz, W. B. Peatman

Environmental Studies Faculty Publications

Complete molecular valence-electron spectra were measured for CO. Unexpectedly, discrete lines at low kinetic energies were found, superimposed on a continuous energy spectrum representing direct double-ionization processes. The appearance of these lines is discussed in the context of the formation of the C⁺+O⁺ ion pair near its associated threshold at 38.4 eV. It is ascribed to valence-excited repulsive (CO⁺)^* states, which dissociate to a large part rapidly into atomic fragments before electronic relaxation takes place. From our spectra, partial cross sections for the different processes leading to dissociative valence double ionization are derived.

Mössbauer And Neutron Diffraction Studies Of Y₂(Fe₁₋ₓmnₓ)₁₄B, Oran Allan Pringle, Gaya Kanishka Marasinghe, Gary J. Long, William Joseph James, William B. Yelon, Decai Xie, Fernande Grandjean

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We have used Mössbauer spectroscopy and neutron diffraction to study a series of Y₂(Fe_1-xMn_x)_{1 4}B samples in the composition range from x=0.0 to 0.4. Y ₂(Fe_0.6Mn_0.4)₁₄B is paramagnetic at both room temperature and 85 K. The iron quadrupole splitting in this paramagnetic compound allows us to place an upper limit on the quadrupole shift in the magnetic Y₂(Fe_1-xMn_x) ₁₄B alloys. Refinement of Y₂(Fe _1-xMn_x)₁₄B neutron diffraction data have been used to …

Determining The Chemical Composition Of Cloud Condensation Nuclei, Allen L. Williams, Jane E. Rothert, Kent E. Mcclure, Darryl J. Alofs, Donald E. Hagen, Daniel R. White, A. R. Hopkins, Max B. Trueblood

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This second progress report describes the status of the project one and one-half years after the start. The goal of the project is to develop the instrumentation to collect cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in sufficient amounts to determine their chemical composition, and to survey the CCN composition in different climates through a series of field measurements. Our approach to CCN collection is to first form droplets on the nuclei under simulated cloud humidity conditions, which is the only known method of identifying CCN from the background aerosol. Under cloud chamber conditions, the droplets formed become larger than the surrounding aerosol, …

Characterization Of Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposited Silicon Dioxide Thin Films, Xue Du

Theses

LPCVD deposited amorphous silicon dioxide SiO₂ thin films from a new chemical vapor source, diethylsilane (DES), were characterized. This work is focused on evaluation of SiO₂ films prepared by varies deposition temperatures and flow rates series.

SiO₂ thin films were evaluated for density, porosity, and refractive index. Techniques for evaluation of the above mentioned parameters for this work included the use of infrared absorption spectroscopy, preferential etch procedures, optical measurement of refractive index and thickness, and thermal annealing of CVD films. The densification in vacuum ambient has been carried out at the temperature of 600 °, 750 …