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Effect Of Iron Binding On The Ability Of Crocidolite To Cause Dna Single-Strand Breaks, Jeanne Ann Hardy

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Fibrous carcinogens, such as crocidolite asbestos, are known to catalyze many of the same reactions as iron, namely O₂ consumption, generation of reduced oxygen species, and damage to DNA, such as strand breaks, and modifications of bases. Upon inhalation, fibers are also known to become coated with an iron-rich material. The mechanism by which this iron is bound to fibers in the lung is not known, and the effect of this additional iron on the reactivity of the fibers is also not well understood. The studies described here were undertaken to elucidate the abilities of crocidolite asbestos, in its …

Macrocyclic Antibiotics As A New Class Of Chiral Selectors For Liquid Chromatography, Daniel W. Armstrong, Yublng Tang, Shushi Chen, Yiwen Zhou, Christina Bagwlll, Jing Ran Chen

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

There are a large number of antibiotic macrocycles which include several different structural types. Three representative macrocyclic compounds were covalently linked to silica gel and evaluated by HPLC for their ability to resolve racemic mixtures as well as for their stability and loadability. Over 70 compounds were resolved. In some cases separations were achieved that have not been reported on any other chiral stationary phase (CSP). These stationary phases appear to be multimodal in that they can be used in both the normal-phase and reversed-phase modes. Different compounds are resolved in each mode. There does not appear to be any …

The Synthesis Of Amino Acid Derivatives For Peptide Incorporation, Yvette Delahoussaye

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

Diamond Thin Film Sensors For Hypersonic Flow Studies, Bhaskar Kumar Bulusu

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Conventional metal film sensors can measure flow instabilities of the order of 60 kHz. The turbulence fluctuations in the hypersonic regime are of the order of 200- 400 kHz. To measure these fluctuations, sensors with an enhanced frequency response are required. Therefore, it is required to identify the parameters to enhance the frequency response. These include parameters such as the temperature sensitivity, the resistivity, the thermal conductivity, the diffusivity, specific heat capacity and the geometric size and shape of the film and the substrate. A selection of materials was then carried out to maximize the frequency response. Diamond was identified …

Approaches To And Synthesis Of Chalcone Amides, Gregory S. Marczak

Masters Theses

A series of "chalcone" amides have been prepared. These amides are unique in the position of the substituted hydroxy and methoxy functional groups. Early approaches to the synthesis of the amides proved difficult when preparing intermediates from the phenolic substituents. These phenols were then protected to lead to easier formation of the intermediates, and then deprotected to yield the corresponding chalcone amides. The approaches to the preparation of these compounds is presented, along with the physical data used to characterize the chalcone amides.

Quantitative Analysis Of Steroids By 13C Nmr Spectroscopy, Pei Wang

Masters Theses

Steroids are usually analyzed quantitatively by using HPLC with ultraviolet detection and are confirmed by FTIR, GC-MS. Quantitative ¹³C NMR method provide an alternative means to analyze steroids. Chromatographic separation and subsequent identification by match with a spectroscopic data base spectrum is not required for quantitative analysis of mixture components. Instead, equivalent information is obtained by creating subspectra from resonances with equivalent peak areas within a quantitative NMR spectrum. Techniques for eliminating Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE) effect is described.

Identification Of Aromatic Acids As Microbial Metabolites Of Fossil-Fuel Compounds Present In Aquifer Systems, Daniel Michael Tomczak

Masters Theses

The identification and quantitation of aromatic acids as transformation products present in contaminated aquifer systems was studied from selected sites. These acids are formed as microbial metabolites in the oxidative degradation of aromatic compounds. The microbial activity in the subsurface can be coupled to the oxidation of the aromatic compounds and the reduction of specific inorganic indicators. Inorganic indicators identified from the sample sites include the reduced forms of iron, nitrate, sulfate, and dissolved oxygen.

The highest concentrations of the aromatic acids were found in the plumes of the contaminated sites. These concentrations also correlated with specific changes in concentrations …

Modified Recycled Glass As An Additive In Coatings Applications, Garth D. Brown

Opportunities for Undergraduate Research Experience Program (OURE)

The feasibility of using chemically modified, finely pulverized recycled glass as an additive in coatings was investigated. The ground glass was added as partial replacement for the conventional pigment titanium dioxide (TiO₂). The loss of TiO₂ pigment was compensated with an optical brightening agent (OB agents). OB agents can help contribute to a coating’s hiding capacity by absorbing light in the UV range, releasing light of a lower energy in the visible spectrum. Glass supplemented coatings were formulated and common paint tests were performed. The glass changed the optical and physical properties of the coating formulations. The …

The Synthesis And Characterization Of Poly (1,1'-Divinyl-2,2’-Biimidazole), Timothy S. Evenson

Opportunities for Undergraduate Research Experience Program (OURE)

The monomer 1,1 ,-divinyl-2,2’-biimidazole was prepared using a previously published procedure (1). The new divinyl biimidazole polymer was then synthesized from this monomer. The polymer was characterized by infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Nuclear magnetic resonance confirms the structure of the polymer. Also, gel permeation chromatography was used to determine molecular weight, while differential scanning calorimetry was used to determine the glass transition temperature and crystalline melting point of the polymer.

Development Of A Recycled Glass Corrosion Inhibitor For Surface Coatings And Concrete Applications, Theresa Pierce

Opportunities for Undergraduate Research Experience Program (OURE)

This research was performed to study the possibility of attaching a metal corrosion inhibitor to recycled glass powder. Such a material would be useful as a corrosion inhibitor component for metal substrate coatings. The major experiments performed were first to produce a metal corrosion inhibitor (Irgacor 153)/silane coupling agent (3-(chloropropyl)trimethoxysilane) adduct and secondly to attach this corrosion inhibitor/silane adduct onto the surface of glass. To test feasibility, qualitative corrosion tests were performed using steel wool as the corroding metal and a number of product samples.

Macrocyclic Antibiotics As A New Class Of Chiral Selectors For Liquid Chromatography, Christine Bagwill

Opportunities for Undergraduate Research Experience Program (OURE)

In the field of chromatographic separations, the need for new chiral stationary phases is always in demand. Many stationary phases already exist, some of the more popular being cyclodextrin or protein based phases. During this research, a new class of chiral selectors were discovered and evaluated for chiral recognition. Vancomycin, thiostrepton, and rifamycin B all belong to the macrocyclic antibiotic family. Not only can this new class of chiral selectors be used to resolve compounds that cannot be separated on any other column, but it is also more stable and has much greater capacity than protein based columns.

Synthesis Evaluation Of New High Performance Polymer Systems Involving Tetrachlorohydroquinone, Jason A. Giles

Opportunities for Undergraduate Research Experience Program (OURE)

New high performance transparent polymers are in demand in the aerospace and automotive industries to replace current glass and composite systems. Tetrachlorohydroquinone (TCHQ) was used as the base monomer for various copolymer formulations. Different acid chloride monomers lead to polyester formation with TCHQ. Polycarbonates were formed with triphosgene and diethyl carbonate. This base monomer added rigidity, transparency, and high temperature resistance, however, resulting polymers were brittle and difficult to process. Polymers were characterized by IR and DSC.

Electrochemical Enzyme Immunoassay Using Sequential Saturation Technique In A 20-Μl Capillary: Digoxin As A Model Analyte, Noriaki Kaneki, Yan Xu, Anu Kumari, H. Brian Halsall, William R. Heineman, Peter T. Kissinger

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Capillary enzyme immunoassay with flow-injection analysis for digoxin using the sequential saturation technique has been developed. Glass capillary tubes (10 cm × 0.53 mm i.d.) with immobilized digoxin antibody were used as the immunoassay reactor. The product of enzymatic reaction. 4-aminophenol, was detected amperometrically. The digoxin and the labeled digoxin binding reaction with the immobilized digoxin antibody were completed in 2 and 10 min, respectively. Digoxin was determined in a 20-μl sample with a detection limit of 10 pg ml−1 (200 fg or 260 attomoles) and a 3 orders of magnitude range.

Synthesis And Characterization Of Some Flourine-Containing Lithium Alkyl Sulfonates: Flourinated Sulfonates And Sf5-Containing Sulfonates, Steven A. Ullrich

Dissertations and Theses

Lithium salts of pentafluorothio alkyl sulfonic acids and perfluoroalkyl disulfonic acids were prepared for testing for possible use as polymer electrolytes. Most of these lithium salts were made from the corresponding sodium, potassium or calcium salts. Aqueous solutions of these salts were passed through polystyrene sulfonate ion exchange resin in the acid form to obtain aqueous solutions of the corresponding acids. The acids were then neutralized with lithium hydroxide using a pH meter. One salt was made by reacting the barium salt of the corresponding acid with lithium sulfate. A sulfonyl fluoride polymer (-0-CH2-C (CH20CF2CF2S02F) H-) n was reacted with …

Competing C–Br And C–C Bond Fission Following 1[N(O),Π∗(C=O)] Excitation In Bromoacetone: Conformation Dependence Of Nonadiabaticity At A Conical Intersection, P. W. Kash, G.C.G. Waschewsky, R. E. Morss, L. J. Butler, Michelle M. Francl

Chemistry Faculty Research and Scholarship

These experiments investigate the competition between C-C and C-Br bond fission in bromoacetone excited in the (1)[n(O),pi(*)(C=O)] absorption, elucidating the role of molecular conformation in influencing the probability of adiabatically traversing the conical intersection along the C-C fission reaction coordinate. In the first part of the paper, measurement of the photofragment velocity and angular distributions with a crossed laser-molecular beam time-of-flight technique identifies the primary photofragmentation channels at 308 nm. The time-of-flight spectra evidence two dissociation channels, C-Br fission and fission of one of the two C-C bonds, BrH2C-COCH3. The distribution of relative kinetic energies imparted to the C-Br fission …

Effects Of Unpaired Bases On The Conformation And Stability Of Three-Arm Dna Junctions, Min Zhong, Michael S. Rashes, Neocles B. Leontis, Neville R. Kallenbach

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Three-arm DNA junctions, in which three double helices intersect at a branch, have unique structure and reactivity of bases at and near the branch. Their solution conformation is asymmetric in the presence of Mg²⁺, while bases at the branch are sensitive to single-strand-specific agents. Following the surprising report that unpaired bases at the branch stabilize three-arm junctions, we have investigated the geometry and thermodynamics of three-arm junctions containing pendant T and A bases. The results are consistent with additional structure formation in junctions containing up to four pendant bases at the branch: relative to the tight junction, the …

Bulletin 4283 - Nitrogen Fertilisers For Cereal Production, M. G. Mason

Bulletins 4000 -

Because fertiliser prices are high, it is important to understand what affects the response to fertilisers by crops.

Among the many factors influencing crop response to nitrogen applications, the most important are the season, soil type, paddock history, time of application and source of nitrogen. Before deciding whether to use nitrogen on a cereal crop, which source to use and at what rate, you need some understanding of how these factors work.

Greatest responses to nitrogen fertilisers can be expected in areas with a relatively long growing season. In such areas light soils with a low nitrogen status give the …

A Mössbauer Effect Study Of The Microscopic Magnetic Properties Of Th₂Fe₁₇ And Its Nitride, Th₂Fe₁₇N₂.₆, Gary J. Long, Oran Allan Pringle, Fernande Grandjean, T. H. Jacobs, K. H. Buschow

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Mössbauer spectra of Th₂Fe₁₇ and Th₂Fe₁₇N_2.6 have been measured at various temperatures between 85 and 295 K and analyzed with a model that is based on the Wigner-Seitz cell environment of each iron site, the orientation of the magnetization, and the magnetic moments as determined from either neutron-diffraction measurements or band-structure calculations. Upon nitrogenation of Th₂Fe₁₇, the 85 K weighted average isomer shift increases from 0.037 to 0.156 mm/s and further the isomer shifts of the four crystallographically distinct sites increase in agreement with the increase observed …

Solubility Studies Of Iron(Iii) Oxides And Hydroxides, Victor L. Menting

Dissertations and Theses

The hydrolysis of iron(III) ions in aqueous solution forms a series of soluble hydroxide complexes with associated equilibrium constants. The solubility of iron(III) is controlled by the various soluble hydroxide complexes, and can, in theory, be calculated from the pH and equilibrium constants. Experimental verification of the calculated solubility has proven difficult due to the lack of sensitive analytical techniques and the presence of colloidal ferric hydroxide interferences. Recently, electrochemical methods for the determination of low levels of iron(III) have been developed using adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry which relies on the interfacial accumulation of the chelate of iron with Solochrome …

The Nuclear Hexadecapole Interaction Of Iodine-127 In Cadmium Iodide Measured Using Zero-Field Two Dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Ming-Yuan Liao, Gerard S. Harbison

Gerard S. Harbison Publications

Two dimensional nuclear quadrupole correlation spectroscopy has been used to measure simultaneously the two nuclear spin transition frequencies for the iodine resonance of cadmium iodide at zero magnetic field. Because of the layer structure and resultant polymorphism in this substance, conventional zero-field NMR spectra are inhomogeneously broadened by several hundred kHz. However, the 2D spectra obtained by our method are subject only to homogeneous line-width, which for this compound is of the order of 5 kHz. This greatly increased precision allows more accurate evaluation of the nuclear hexadecapole coupling- in cadmium iodide; which we measure as 0.216 ±0.514 kHz (i.e., …

On-Road Remote Sensing Of Co And Hc Emissions In California, Donald H. Stedman, Gary A. Bishop, Stuart P. Beaton, James E. Peterson, Paul L. Guenther, Iain F. Mcvey, Yi Zhang

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.

On-Road Nox Emissions Intercomparison Of On-Board Measurements And Remote Sensing, James W. Butler, Christine A. Gierczak, Gerald Jesion, Donald H. Stedman, Jon M. Lesko

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.

Use Of Pyocin To Select A Haemophilus Ducreyi Variant Defective In Lipooligosaccharide Biosynthesis, A A. Campagnari, R Karalus, M A. Apicella, William Melaugh, A J. Lesse, B W. Gibson

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Haemophilus ducreyi, a cause of genital ulcer disease in developing countries, appears to facilitate the heterosexual transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus in Africa. Despite an increase in studies of this gram-negative human pathogen, little is known about the pathogenesis of chancroid. Our studies have shown that the lipooligosaccharides (LOS) of H. ducreyi may play an important role in ulcer formation. Monoclonal antibody and mass spectrometric analyses identified a terminal trisaccharide present on H. ducreyi LOS that is immunochemically similar to human paragloboside. This epitope is present on the LOS of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and it may be the site of …

Gas Phase Clustering Of N2 Molecules On To Tio+: Comparison With Ti+ And Evidence For The Octahedral Structure Of Tio+(N2)5, George M. Daly, M. Samy El-Shall

Chemistry Publications

A striking difference in the clustering efficiency of Ti⁺ and TiO⁺ toward N₂ or O₂ has been observed in a laser vaporizationhigh pressure mass spectrometric source. Evidence for the magic number n=5 within the sequence TiO⁺(N₂) _n is presented. The results are consistent with an octahedral structure for TiO⁺(N₂)₅.

Ab Initio Equilibrium Constants For H2o–H2o And H2o–Co2, Nancy Renyou Zhang, Donald D. Shillady

Chemistry Publications

Ab initio 6‐31G** electronic structure calculations have been used to determine the minimum energy geometries and vibrational frequencies of molecular clusters of water and carbon dioxide. Application of statistical thermodynamics leads to theoretical equilibrium constants for gas phase dimerization of water and the formation of an adduct of carbon dioxide with water.The low energy vibrations of the clusters lead to much larger contributions to the vibrational partitioning of the energy than do the fundamental vibrations of the monomeric species. A new ‘‘Harmonic‐Morse’’ formula is derived to estimate anharmonicity from optimized harmonic frequencies and two additional values on the potential surface …

Resonance Raman Investigation Of The Radical Cation Of 1,3,5-Hexatriene, Tamas Keszthelyi, Robert Wilbrandt, Robert J. Cave, Jenifer L. Johnson

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

The resonance Raman spectrum of the 1,3,5-hexatriene radical cation generated by v-irradiation in a Freon glass is reported. The spectrum is excited at 395 nm in resonance with the second absorption band. Identical spectra are obtained from ionized (E)- and (Z)-1,3,5-hexatriene. The presence of more than one rotamer has to be assumed to account for all the observed resonance Raman bands. The bands are assigned to a mixture of the two rotamers, calculated at lowest energy, the ttt an tct rotamers, on the basis of ab initio ROHF/6-31G calculated harmonic frequencies. The spectrum indicates that …

Dynamic Phenomena In Superconducting Oxides By Esr, Juana Vivó Acrivos, Lei Chen, C. M. Burch, P. Metcalf, J. M. Honig, R. S. Liu, K. K. Singh

Faculty Publications, Chemistry

Dynamic electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements compare the paramagnetic and antiferromagnetic (AF) properties of superconducting oxides in the range 4 K to room temperature, at 8 MHz and 9.36 GHz. Two are derivatives of YBa2Cu30 7: 1: Nd(Nd0.05Ba0.95 )2Cu30 7, Te0 =72 K and II: Y0.2Cao.8Sr2[Cu2(Tlo.5Pb0.5 )]07, Te0 =108 K and two are cases where AF ordering dominates the weak superconductivity: III: Nb01.1> 1. 25 ~Teo~ 10 K and IV: La2Ni04.00, 70 K :::: Teo:::: 40 K. At temperatures 298:::: T:::: 64 K, the ESR absorption by I indicates orthorhombic symmetry. The peaks at Ke =2.06, gb =2.13, and Ka …

Expression Of Prelamin A Confers Sensitivity Of Dna Biosynthesis To Lovastatin On F9 Teratocarcinoma Cells, Michael Sinensky, T. Mclain, K. Fantle

Faculty Publications, Biological Sciences

No abstract provided.

The Processing Pathway Of Prelamin A, Michael Sinensky, K. Fantle, M. Trujillo, T. Mclain, A. Kupfer, M. Dalton

Faculty Publications, Biological Sciences

The conversion of mammalian prelamin A to mature lamin A proceeds through the removal of 18 amino acids from the carboxyl terminus. The initial step in this processing is the isoprenylation of a CAAX box cysteine. This proteolytic event is distinctive for prelamin A among the known prenylated mammalian proteins. Since the carboxyl terminus of prelamin A is removed during maturation, it is not obvious that this protein would undergo the two reactions subsequent to prenylation observed in other CAAX box proteins-the endoproteolytic removal of the carboxyl-terminal 3 amino acids and the subsequent methylation of the now carboxyl-terminal cysteine. To …

Monte Carlo Simulation Of Acetonitrile Clusters [Ch3cn] N , N=2–256: Melting Transitions And Even/Odd Character Of Small Clusters (N=2–9), Heat Capacities, Density Profiles, Fractal Dimension, Intracluster Dimerization, And Dipole Orientation, D. Wright, M. Samy El-Shall

Chemistry Publications

The thermodynamic and structural properties of acetonitrile clusters [CH₃CN] _N , N=2–15, 20, 30, 60, 128, and 256 have been investigated using Monte Carlo simulation. Interactions in the small clusters (N≤9) are dominated by antiparallel pairing of the molecular dipoles. The simulations reveal rigid ↔ fluid (melting) transitions with a remarkable even–odd alternation in the transition temperatures for the N=2–9 clusters. The higher melting temperatures of the even‐N clusters arise as consequences of the antiparallel paired dipoles which provide favorable electrostatic interactions. Even–odd alternation has also been observed in the configurational energies and …