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Electrical Conductivity Of Sodium Doped Poly(4-Vinylpyridine), Murat Özyalçin, Zuhal Küçükyavuz, Aref Jarvaherian, Savaş Küçükyavuz Jan 1997

Electrical Conductivity Of Sodium Doped Poly(4-Vinylpyridine), Murat Özyalçin, Zuhal Küçükyavuz, Aref Jarvaherian, Savaş Küçükyavuz

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Poly(4-Vinylpyridine) was synthesized by free radicalic polymerization. Solution doping process with metallic sodium was carried out. A conductivity value around 10^{-6} S/cm was obtained. Relative change in the coductivity with dopant concentration, temperature dependence of conductivity, conductivity behavior in atmospheric conditions for the samples were analyzed. SEM and EDX techniques were also used for the characterization of the polymer.


Conducting Polymer Grafts Of Polypyrrole, Levent Toppare Jan 1997

Conducting Polymer Grafts Of Polypyrrole, Levent Toppare

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Conducting polymer grafts of pyrrole with poly[(methyl methacrylate)-co-(2-(N-pyrollyl) ethyl methacrylate)] wwere synthesized via elctrochemical polymerization of pyrrole in different media. Samples were characterized by SEM, thermal analysis and conductivity measurements.


Crystal Structure Effect In Radiation-Induced Solid-State Polymerization Of Acrylamide, Ali Usanmaz Jan 1997

Crystal Structure Effect In Radiation-Induced Solid-State Polymerization Of Acrylamide, Ali Usanmaz

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Crystal structure of arcylamide at -150^{\circ}C was studied to understand the role of the crystal structure on the reaction mechanism of radiation-induced polymerization in the solid-state. Acrylamide crystallizes in the monoclinic unit cell with the unit cell parameters as ; a=828.0(2) pm, b=578.0(4) pm, c=974.9(2) pm, \beta=119.62(4)^0, space group =P 2_1/c, Z=4 molecules/unit cell, d_x = 1.165 g/cm^3. From the results of the structural data a polymerization mechanism in the solid-state is suggested. The radiation damage in single crystal of acrylamide was also investigated in detail. The result showed the formation of the amorphous polymer, that phase separated from the …


Electrical Conductivities Of Poly (Alkyl Vinyl Ketones) Reacted With Dopant Solutions, Jun Hui Ma, J. David Tauber, Ülkü S. Ramelow Jan 1997

Electrical Conductivities Of Poly (Alkyl Vinyl Ketones) Reacted With Dopant Solutions, Jun Hui Ma, J. David Tauber, Ülkü S. Ramelow

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Poly ethyl vinyl ketone (PEVK) and poly methyl vinyl ketone (PMVK) were prepared using photochemical processes. The irradiation of monomers with UV light provides a new method, different from the methods previously used for the polymerization of these monomers. FTIR and UV spectroscopies were used for the structure and reaction mechanism of the polymers. NMR was used to calculate the conversion percentage of MVK and EVK polymers. The conductivity change at various temperatures was traced during reactions of PMVK and PEVK with various dopant concentrations and the activation energy of these reactions were calculated by adding dopants and by adjusting …


A Two-Dimensional Monte Carlo Polymerization Of 5-Membered Rings, Okan Esentürk, H. Önder Pamuk, E. Yurtsever Jan 1997

A Two-Dimensional Monte Carlo Polymerization Of 5-Membered Rings, Okan Esentürk, H. Önder Pamuk, E. Yurtsever

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

A modification of the kinetic growth model in two dimensions for the polymerization of 5-membered rings is presented. The preliminary results reveal the validity of the modified model.


Calculation Of Spreading Pressure Of Water On Cellulosic Films From Contact Angle Data, H. Yıldırım Erbi̇l Jan 1997

Calculation Of Spreading Pressure Of Water On Cellulosic Films From Contact Angle Data, H. Yıldırım Erbi̇l

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The correlations between the surface properties of the modified cellulose papers with their toner compatibility were investigated. The surface tension components of the cellulosic films, their interfacial tension with the liquid drops and the work of adhesion components were calculated using van Oss-Good's One-Liquid contact angle approach. The electron donor (or Lewis base) \gamma^- components of the cellulosic films were found to represent the main interactions with the the electron acceptor (acidic) \gamma^+ components of the contacting liquids. Allyl ketene dimer (AKD) grafting of the cellulose affected the surface properties; the higher the substitution of the hydroxyl group, the smaller …


Phase Transition Of Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide Gels In Aqueous Solutions Of Poly(Ethylene Glycol), Nilhan Kayaman, Oğuz Okay, B. M. Baysal Jan 1997

Phase Transition Of Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide Gels In Aqueous Solutions Of Poly(Ethylene Glycol), Nilhan Kayaman, Oğuz Okay, B. M. Baysal

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Hydrolyzed polyacrylamide gels immersed in aqueous solutions of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) of molecular weight 300 exhibit a discontinuous volume change upon continuous increase of the PEG concentration in the external solution. As the duration of hydrolysis increases, that is, as the proportion of the ionic groups on the network chains increases, the critical concentration of PEG required for a discontinuous volume change rises and, also, the magnitude of the volume collapse becomes larger. Experimental results indicate that the gel collapse in PEG solution is due to the osmotic deswelling of the ionic gel rather than due to a complex formation …


A Quantum-Chemical Investigation On 5,5'-Bi(1h-1.2,4-Triazole)), A. A. İki̇zler, R. Abbasoğlu, N. Saltek, M. Şeri̇fova Jan 1997

A Quantum-Chemical Investigation On 5,5'-Bi(1h-1.2,4-Triazole)), A. A. İki̇zler, R. Abbasoğlu, N. Saltek, M. Şeri̇fova

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The conformational analysis of flexible 5,5'-bi(1H-1,2,4-triazole) molecule containing various reaction centers has been performed by the semiempirical methods MNDO,AM1 and PM3, and the internal rotation barrier calculated. The most stable conformation of the molecule has been determined to be the planar trans conformation. According to the three methods, 5,5'-bi(1H-1,2,4-triazole) molecule (C) has been found to be relatively more stable than its tautomer 3,3'-bi(1H-1,2,4-triazole)(B) and to be less stable than its other tautomer 3,3'-bi(4H-1,2,4-triazole)(A). Moreover, the electronic properties of 5,5'-bi(1H-1,2,4-triazole) molecule and the effect of conformational changing on electronic and geometric properties have also been investigated. To determine the protonation sites …


High Rates Of Fluorescence Quenching Between Perylene Dodecyldiimide And Certain \Pi-Electron Donors, S. İçli̇, H. İci̇l, İ. Gürol Jan 1997

High Rates Of Fluorescence Quenching Between Perylene Dodecyldiimide And Certain \Pi-Electron Donors, S. İçli̇, H. İci̇l, İ. Gürol

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Perylene bis-n-dodecyl diimide is found to quench fluorescenc emissions of naphthalene, phenanthrene and dihydrocarbazolocarbazole molecules at rates of 4.4\times10^{11}, 2.8\times10^{12} and 2.5\times10^4 M^{-1} sec^{-1}, in respective order of aromaticity. These unusulally high rates of fluorecence quenchings are attributed to Perrin model static quenching and presence of electron transfer through singlet excited state of perylene diimide. Calculated free energy of electron transfer, \Delta G_{ET}=-120.5 kJ/mol, between perylene diimide and dihydrocarbazolocarbazole is taken as evidence for observation of high fluorescence quenching rate for carbazolocarbazole molecule. Keywords: Fluorescence quenching, Photoenergy transfer, Perylene diimide and Carbazolocarbazole


Possible Roles Of Transition Metals In Cloudwater Relative To The Solar Short-Wave Radiation Absorption Anomaly, Xudong Huang, S. Sinan Keski̇n, Francis Pink, İlhan Ölmez Jan 1997

Possible Roles Of Transition Metals In Cloudwater Relative To The Solar Short-Wave Radiation Absorption Anomaly, Xudong Huang, S. Sinan Keski̇n, Francis Pink, İlhan Ölmez

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Measurements of the absorption of solar short-wave radiation by clouds exceed those predicted by theoretical calculations. In order to understand the roles of minor and trace species in this absorption anomaly, cloudwater samples were collected from individual precipitating clouds and analyzed for trace metals and anionic species. Two generalized approaches were used to assess the direct impact of the absorption of solar short-wave radiation by transition metals and/or their anionic complexes. Additionally, it was suggested that iron and manganese may act as catalyts in the formation of sulfate aerosols which efficiently scatter solar radiation.


Constituents Of Salvia Verticillata, Ufuk Sönmez, Gülaçtı Topçu, Ayhan Ulubelen Jan 1997

Constituents Of Salvia Verticillata, Ufuk Sönmez, Gülaçtı Topçu, Ayhan Ulubelen

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Three new and fourteen known compounds were isolated from the roots of {\it Salvia verticillata L.} Spectral methods were used for the structure determination besides TLC comparisons with authentic samples for the known compounds.


The Reliability Of Jung-Biggs-Moorhead Method For Cholesterol Determination In The Presence Of Ergosterol, Lemi Türker, Şahinde Demi̇rci̇, Marjan Akdağ Jan 1997

The Reliability Of Jung-Biggs-Moorhead Method For Cholesterol Determination In The Presence Of Ergosterol, Lemi Türker, Şahinde Demi̇rci̇, Marjan Akdağ

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

In the present study, the reliability of Jung-Biggs-Moorhead method for cholesterol determination has been tested in the presence of another steroid, ergosterol. It was observed that presence of ergosterol interferes with the absorbance measurement of cholesterol. When both steroids are present in the sample maximum absorption wavelength are not shifted by the mutual interaction but absorbance values are changed considerably. Therefore this method may be used only for qualitative bu not quantitative analysis for cholesterol in the presence of ergosterol.


Immobilization Of Glucose Oxidase And Urease In Hydrogel Matrices, İhsan Gürel, M.Yakup Arica, Vasıf Hasirci Jan 1997

Immobilization Of Glucose Oxidase And Urease In Hydrogel Matrices, İhsan Gürel, M.Yakup Arica, Vasıf Hasirci

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Immobilization of glucose oxidase and urease in hydrogels of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylae, and N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) was achieved by irradiation (using UV kand \gamma- rays). The effect of radiation on entrapment efficiencies, retention of activities and swelling rates was obtained. To optimize the system, duration of exposure, reaction temperature, co-monomer concentrations, initiator and cross linker compositions were varied. The repeated reusability of the generated products was also tested. It was found that\gamma-irradiation at very low temperatures did not have a detrimental effect on the enzyme activity. Incorporation of more hydrophilic monomer (NVP), influenced matrix morphology and entrapment efficiencies and retained enzyme …


Synthesis And Characterisation Of Anhydrous Magnesium Phosphate Mg$_3$(Po$_4$)$_2$, A. Baykal, M. Kizilyalli, R. Kniep Jan 1997

Synthesis And Characterisation Of Anhydrous Magnesium Phosphate Mg$_3$(Po$_4$)$_2$, A. Baykal, M. Kizilyalli, R. Kniep

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The synthesis and characterization of anhydorus Mg_3(PO$_4)_2 was investigated. Mg_3(PO$_4)_2 is reported to have similar structural arrangements with Co_3(PO_4)_2 and \gamma-Zn_3(PO_4)_2 compounds. The sample was prepared by a new technique which is the reaction of MgCl_2.6H_2O and Na_3PO_4.12H_2O solutions at pH=5.1, which was adjusted by adding concentrated H_3PO_4 to the reaction mixture and heating the precipitated product at 600^{\circ}C untill constant weight. The purity of the product was checked by X-ray powder diffraction, IR, density measurement, SEM and DTA analysis. The monoclinic unit cell dimensions of product are a=7.605 (2), b=8.233 (3), c=5.080 (1)A^{\circ} and \beta= 94.19^{\circ} (3), which was …


A Study Of The Thermodynamical Interactions Of Bisphenol-A Polycarbonate With Some Solvents By Gas Chromatography, Özlem Cankurtaran, Ferdane Yilmaz Jan 1997

A Study Of The Thermodynamical Interactions Of Bisphenol-A Polycarbonate With Some Solvents By Gas Chromatography, Özlem Cankurtaran, Ferdane Yilmaz

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Retentin diagrams of polycarbonate for n-nonane, ethyl acetate and n-butyl acetate were obtained using inverse gas chromatography in the temperature range 80-240^{\circ}C. The specific retention volumes, V^{\circ}_{g} the Flory-Huggins interaction parmeters, \chi^{\infty}_{12}, interaction parameters, \chi^{\ast}_{12}, and effective exchange-energy parameters \bar{X}_{12} of the equation-of-state theory of polycarbonate for n-octane, n-nonane, n-decane, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, tert-butyl acetate and isoamyl acetate were obtained in the temperature range 200-240^{\circ}C. The parameter \delta_2 was estimated to be 10.7 (cal/cm^3)^{1/2} at room temperature using the \chi^{\infty}_{12} extrapolated to room temperature. Keywords: Bisphenol-A polycarbonate, polymer-solvent interactions, inverse gas chromatography, solubility parameter.


Photoelectron Spectroscopy: A Tool In Sorption Studies, Şefik Süzer, Hasan N. Erten Jan 1997

Photoelectron Spectroscopy: A Tool In Sorption Studies, Şefik Süzer, Hasan N. Erten

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Photoelectron spectroscopy using AlK\alpha (h\nu=1486.3 eV) has been applied to study the sorption of Cs^+, Sr^{2+}, Ba^{2+}, Zn^{2+} and Co^{2+} on magnesite kaolinite, smectite and chlorite. From the observed intensities of photoelectron peaks it was determined that in magnesite the sorption affinity of the above ions follow the order: Ba^{2+}>Co^{2+}\congSr^{2+}\congZn^{2+}>Cs^+. The order for the sorption of Ba^{2+} and Cs^+ are also determined as chlorite>magnesite>smectite>kaolinite and smectite>chlorite\congkaolinite>magnesite, respectively.


A Topological Approach To The Stabilities Of Isomeric Hückel And Mobius Type Cyclacenes, Lemi Türker Jan 1997

A Topological Approach To The Stabilities Of Isomeric Hückel And Mobius Type Cyclacenes, Lemi Türker

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Within the constraints of Hückel molecular orbital theory, Hückel and Mobius type cyclacenes were investigated in terms of their angle of total \pi-electron energy, O_{\pi}, and cos O_{\pi} to find out how structural changes affect the stabilities. It has been theoretically deduced that as the number of benzenoid rings (R) increases the isomeric Hückel and Mšbius type cyclacenes should have comparable stabilities, although for low values of R odd-Hückel type and even-Mobius type are predicted to be more stable.


Hydrolysis And Condensation Reactions Of Methacrylate-Modified Aluminum Alkoxides, Ertuğrul Arpaç, Efraim Avşar Jan 1997

Hydrolysis And Condensation Reactions Of Methacrylate-Modified Aluminum Alkoxides, Ertuğrul Arpaç, Efraim Avşar

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The hydrolysis of aluminum tri-sec-butoxide and compounds obtained by substituting the larger functional groups for the present alkly groups in Al(O-sec-Bu)_3, and the reaction of these products with a polymerizable organic ligand, i.e. methacrylic acid, were studied together with the hydrolysis reactions of the final products. A good method of preparing high-tech materials and new composites uses organo-substituted silicon esters and/or alkoxides of various elements in a polycondensation process. Introducing a suitable organic network into the inorganic backbone gives desirable properties in new coating materials. The preparation of such materials is possible via the hydrolysis of metal alkoxides. Usually, different …


Potentiometric And Spectroscopic Determinaton Of Acid Dissociation Constants Of Some Phenols And Salicylic Acids, Rahmiye Aydin, Ulviye Özer, Naciye Türkel Jan 1997

Potentiometric And Spectroscopic Determinaton Of Acid Dissociation Constants Of Some Phenols And Salicylic Acids, Rahmiye Aydin, Ulviye Özer, Naciye Türkel

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The dissociation constant of the catechol derivatives 4-nitrocatechol (NCAT), 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-DBHA), 3,4-dihydroxyhenylacetic acid (3,4-DPHA) and 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid (3,4-DHCA) were identified in 0.1M NaClO_4 ionic medium, at t=25^{\circ}C, by potentiometry. In addition, the first and second dissociation constants of the salicylic acid derivatives 5-nitrosalicylic acid (5-NSA), 4-hydroxysalicylic acid (4-HSA) 5-nitrosalicylic acid (5-HSA) were also determined by potentiometry. Furthermore, the second acid dissociation constants of these ligands were evaluated in I=0.1M NaClO_4 ionic medium, at a temperature of 25^{\circ}C by computer analysis of spectroscopic data.


Molecular Dynamics Of The Hammerhead Ribozyme, Vasant T. Gandhi Jan 1997

Molecular Dynamics Of The Hammerhead Ribozyme, Vasant T. Gandhi

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.


Competition Between Li+ And Mg2+ For Human Rbcmembrane Phospholipids And Guanine Nucleotide Binding Proteins, Chandra Srinivasan Jan 1997

Competition Between Li+ And Mg2+ For Human Rbcmembrane Phospholipids And Guanine Nucleotide Binding Proteins, Chandra Srinivasan

Dissertations

No abstract provided.


Novel Palladium (Ii) Catalysts For Asymmetric Synthesis, Arab El-Qisairi Jan 1997

Novel Palladium (Ii) Catalysts For Asymmetric Synthesis, Arab El-Qisairi

Dissertations

No abstract provided.


Ionic Interaction Studies Of Bovine Copper, Zinc-Superoxide Dismutase, Hanan A. Hasan Jan 1997

Ionic Interaction Studies Of Bovine Copper, Zinc-Superoxide Dismutase, Hanan A. Hasan

Dissertations

No abstract provided.


Syntheses Of Monometallic And Bimetallic Pd(Ii) Catalysts Supported On Polymer Surface And Their Applications In Organic Syntheses, Qin Jian Yu Jan 1997

Syntheses Of Monometallic And Bimetallic Pd(Ii) Catalysts Supported On Polymer Surface And Their Applications In Organic Syntheses, Qin Jian Yu

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.


The Role Of HoX In Super- And Subsonic Aircraft Exhaust Plumes, T. F. Hanisco, P. O. Wennberg, R. C. Cohen, J. G. Anderson, D. W. Fahey, E. R. Keim, R. S. Gao, R. C. Wamsley, Stephen G. Donnelly Ph.D., L. A. Del Negro, R. J. Salawitch, K. K. Kelly, M. H. Proffitt Jan 1997

The Role Of HoX In Super- And Subsonic Aircraft Exhaust Plumes, T. F. Hanisco, P. O. Wennberg, R. C. Cohen, J. G. Anderson, D. W. Fahey, E. R. Keim, R. S. Gao, R. C. Wamsley, Stephen G. Donnelly Ph.D., L. A. Del Negro, R. J. Salawitch, K. K. Kelly, M. H. Proffitt

Chemistry Faculty Publications

The generation of sulfuric acid aerosols in aircraft exhaust has emerged as a critical issue in determining the impact of supersonic aircraft on stratospheric ozone. It has long been held that the first step in the mechanism of aerosol formation is the oxidation of SO2 emitted from the engine by OH in the exhaust plume. We report in situ measurements of OH and HO2 in the exhaust plumes of a supersonic (Air France Concorde) and a subsonic (NASA ER-2) aircraft in the lower stratosphere. These measurements imply that reactions with OH are responsible for oxidizing only a small fraction of …


The Effects Of Exercise Training On Resting Prostacyclin And Thromboxane A(2) In Older Adults, R D. Kauffman, G S. Sforzo, Blaise Frost, M K. Todd Jan 1997

The Effects Of Exercise Training On Resting Prostacyclin And Thromboxane A(2) In Older Adults, R D. Kauffman, G S. Sforzo, Blaise Frost, M K. Todd

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Ten adult volunteers participated in 16 weeks of cardiovascular exercise training (EG) to determine the effects of training on resting prostacyclin (PGI(2)) and thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)). Six volunteers of similar age served as sedentary controls (CG). Blood was collected in tubes after training and eicosanoids were measured by standard I-125 RIA methods. Over the 16 weeks of the study, PGI(2) decreased 48% for EG and 33% for CG. There were no between-group differences for PGI(2) values. No significant within-group changes in TXA(2) were found, whereas between-group pretraining TXA(2) values were significantly different. A time main effect for PGI(2) may indicate …


Dichlorobis[1-Methyl-3-(Prop-2-Enyl)Imidazole-2(3h)-Thione-S]Zinc(Ii), Daniel J. Williams, Tuan A. Ly, Jeffrey W. Mudge, William T. Pennington, George L. Schimek Jan 1997

Dichlorobis[1-Methyl-3-(Prop-2-Enyl)Imidazole-2(3h)-Thione-S]Zinc(Ii), Daniel J. Williams, Tuan A. Ly, Jeffrey W. Mudge, William T. Pennington, George L. Schimek

Faculty Articles

The title compd. is monoclinic, space group P21/n, with a 14.0082(8), b 10.803(1), c 14.581(1) Å, and β 116.625(8)°; Z = 4, dc = 1.50; R = 0.043,Rw = 0.044 for 1935 reflections. The crystal structure shows a discrete mol. structure with tetrahedral geometry around the Zn ion. The mean Zn-Cl and Zn-S distances are 2.259(7) and 2.372(4) Å, resp. Bond angles around the Zn ion range from 102.8(1) to 113.7(1)°. Ring distances and angles in the ligand compare favorably with literature values of analogous compds., and the mean C-S bond distance of 1.71(1) Å is close to the av. …


Preparation Of Powder Precursors And Evaporation Of Photoconductive Indium Sulfide Films, Chris Barber, Robert Engelken, Brandon Kemp, Wasim Aleem, Imran Khan, Chris Edrington, Michael Buck, Clayton Workman, Anup Thapa, Tom Jakobs Jan 1997

Preparation Of Powder Precursors And Evaporation Of Photoconductive Indium Sulfide Films, Chris Barber, Robert Engelken, Brandon Kemp, Wasim Aleem, Imran Khan, Chris Edrington, Michael Buck, Clayton Workman, Anup Thapa, Tom Jakobs

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We have demonstrated significant photoconductance in indium sulfide thin films prepared by thermal vacuum evaporation ofIn2$3 powders synthesized in-house by chemical precipitation ofInCl3 or In(CH3COO)3, and (NH4)2S or Na2S. The Delta G lambda/Gdark values have been as high as 0.1 in the initial unoptimized films. Excess sulfur (via a mixture of polysulfide and sulfide ions in the synthesis bath) appears to be important in achieving reproducible and large photoconductivities. In2S3 is particularly attractive as a lower toxicity alternative to CdS in optoelectronic applications such as photovoltaic and photoconductive cells.


Electron Shock Waves: Effect Of Current On Electron Temperature And Density, Mostafa Hemmati, Mathues Shane Doss Jan 1997

Electron Shock Waves: Effect Of Current On Electron Temperature And Density, Mostafa Hemmati, Mathues Shane Doss

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

In our attempt to find analytical solutions for breakdown waves, we employ a set of three-component fluid equations. In addition to reporting the method of integration of electron fluid dynamical equations through the dynamical transition region (sheath region), the wave profile for ionization rate, electron number density and electron temperature inside the sheath will be discussed. Also, the effect of the current on electron temperature, electron number density and ionization rate will be reported.


Acidity Studies Of Deuterated Acids And Bases Commonly Used As Buffers In Nmr Studies, Rose M. Mcconnell, Walter E. Godwin, Brant Stanley, M. Shane Green Jan 1997

Acidity Studies Of Deuterated Acids And Bases Commonly Used As Buffers In Nmr Studies, Rose M. Mcconnell, Walter E. Godwin, Brant Stanley, M. Shane Green

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Structure based drug development is currently considered to be an important strategy for drug discovery. This strategy requires that critical knowledge of the three dimensional binding site on receptor molecules be known. NMR studies are frequently employed to ascertain important structural data on individual proteins as well as complexes of proteins with ligands. Deuterium labeled acids and bases are frequently used as buffers in deuterium oxide solutions for NMR studies on the structural conformations of bioactive molecules. Since pH is an important factor in any study of the conformational and stereochemical aspects of biologically active molecules, deuterated buffers are an …