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Structure And Magnetic Properties Of Rare Earth Garnets, Milan R. Kokta

Dissertations

This study deals with preparation and magnetic properties of garnet compounds containing rare earth ions and scandium ions on two crystallographic sites: the dodecahedral and the octahedral. A number of compounds of the types {R_3-yr_y}[r_x Ga_2-x](Ga₃) O_12' {R₃}[Sc₂](Fe_z Ga_3-x) O_12' {R_3-y Sc_y}[Sc₂] (Fe₃) O_12' and {R_3-y r_y)[r₂ (Fe_z Ga_3-z) O_12' where R stands for large rare earth ions such as Nd³⁺ and Pr³⁺, …

Computer Simulation Of A Linde "Double Column", John A. Bazan

Theses

The purpose of this thesis is to develop a Fortran Computer Program to simulate the operation of a Linde "Double Column" for the separation of air into oxygen and nitrogen. The model outputs the number of contact stages required, the reflux ratio, the heat loads (condenser and reboiler, and the five profiles of temperature, pressure, vapor flow rate, liquid flow rate, and light component composition. From this data, the proposed design can be evaluated, and the effect of varying operating conditions explored.

A Solid State Kinetic Study Of Potassium Permanganate In Alkali Halide Disks, Joseph Paul Cusumano

Theses

The stoichiometry and the kinetics of the reactions of KMnO₄ in KCl and KIO₄ in KCl were studied. The kinetics of the reactions were studied at three different temperatures to obtain the thermodynamic parameters. In addition, these reactions were studied in KBr and RbI matrices. The data was obtained using infrared spectrophotometer measurements.

The reactions all appeared to be first order with respect to the permanganate ion. The stoichiometric studies indicate that the Mn₄^- is converted to Mn⁺⁺ and the Mn⁺⁺ ion apparently catalyzes the reduction of KI₄. The results indicate the …

Predictions Of Catalyst Utilization With Continuous Replacement In Multistage Continuous Reactors From Batch Reactor Data, Norman M. Feinberg

Theses

This thesis presents a new equation for predicting catalyst utilization with continuous replacement in multistage continuous reactors from batch reactor data.

An equation is derived from experimental data for a. no-replacement system which predicts catalyst activity as a function of time. The assumption of constant inventory, constant replacement rate and perfect mixing permit the calculation of catalyst age distribution. By combining age distribution with a measure of catalyst productivity, as determined from activity as a function of time, an equation for catalyst utilization was derived. The case used to prepare this equation was where the activity decline curve appears as …

Analysis Of Decomposition Gases And Leach Water From Controlled Sanitary Landfill, Robert Gargano

Theses

A sanitary landfill was simulated by placing "refuse" between two layers of soil in 6" by 24" cylinders. Canine nutriment was used to simulate the refuse. Once the refuse began to decompose, the decomposition gases were collected in a gas cell and analyzed in an Infrared Spectrophotometer. When gas samples were not taken, the decomposition gases were vented through a water trap (to prevent air from backing up into the system) into the atmosphere. Distilled water was added and withdrawn at two week intervals to leach out the pollutants.

From the Infrared analysis, the decomposition gases were determined to be …

Separations Via Semicontinuous Parametric Pumping, Edward H. Reiss

Theses

A semicontinuous parametric pump with batch operation during one half-cycle and continuous operation in the other half-cycle was experimentally investigated in the model system, toluene-n-heptane on silica gel adsorbent. Comparison was made with analytical results obtained by the equilibrium theory. It was shown that when the penetration distance for the cold cycle was less than or equal to that of the hot cycle and the height of the column, the rate of production of pure solvent in the semicontinuous pump may become quite large relative to that in the continuous pump.

Computerized Computation Of Counter-Current Extraction Problems For Ternary Liquid Systems, Albert Warren Patterson

Theses

A Fortran computer program has been developed that will calculate the number of theoretical equilibrium stages required for a countercurrent liquid-liquid extraction design problem. It also furnishes a complete stagewise material balance. Further utility can be found by using it for optimization studies. The program can be utilized for three-component systems that form one pair of partially miscible liquids, the most frequently occuring situation. The program was written for the General Electric Mark I Time-Sharing System.

The program has a practical advantage in that isothermal liquid equilibria data are used directly for calculation purposes. No use is made of theoretically …

A Study Of The Optimization Of Ethylene Production In A Tubular Reactor, Richard W. J. Robertson

Theses

The pyrolysis of ethane is a complex reaction involving six individual reactions in a reactant mixture of thirteen components. It is further complicated by the deposition of carbon along the reactor walls. The carbon buildup eventually necessitates reactor shutdown, During the intermediate stages the reactor experiences a gradual increase in inlet pressure which affects the reaction conditions, Optimum temperature profiles exist because the yield goes up with increasing temperature, but, consequently, the reactor must be shut down and cleaned out with increasing frequency. The combined effect causes the yearly production of ethylene to go through an optimum.

To find this …

The Reaction Of P-Nitrophenyl Acetate With Lysine Hydrochloride And Poly-1-Lysine Hydrobromide, Emmanuel Plange Matteer

Theses

The reactions of p-nitrophenylacetate with L-lysine hydrochloride and poly-L-lysine hydrobromide as a function of pH were investigated.

The results indicate that both compounds react with the substrate in the pH range 7.0-10.0 with an apparent optimum pH in the region near 9.65.

Poly-L-lysine reacts more rapidly over the entire pH range investigated than does L-lysine.

The Effect Of Ultrasonic Vibration On Mass Transfer In A Packed Column, Joseph Walter Stanecki

Theses

The object of this research was to investigate the possibility of using externally supplied ultrasonic vibration to surface of a packed distillation column operating at total reflux to improve the separation. The apparatus used for this experimentation consisted of a 2 inch ID Pyrex column having three pairs of ultrasonic transducers epoxied equidistance along the external surface of the column. Each pair of transducers was driven separately by a 50 watt amplifier! power supply and a sine/square wave generator.

There were three types of binary mixtures covered during experimentation: minimum boiling azeotropes, maximum boiling azeotropes and full range mixtures. In …

A Study Of The Effect Of A Dielectric Field On The Solvolysis Rate Of Tert-Butyl Bromide In A Recycle Reactor, Rolf L. Ball

Theses

Previous experiments at Newark College of Engineering have shown that a dielectric field can effect the rate of a chemical reaction. A theory was developed in this thesis to postulate how a dielectric field can increase the rate of a first order reaction whose rate determining step is an ionization. An experimental procedure was developed to measure the reaction rate constant of a tertiary alkyl halide with a solvent to test this theory. The solvolysis of tortbutyl bromide in aqueous ethanol (80%), aqueous dioxane (75%) and aqueous acetone (75%) solvent systems were the reactions selected for study. A total of …

The Development Of Langmuir's Adsorption Isotherms For Glucose And Fructose And The Separation Via Continuous Parametric Pumping, Jafir Abbas Jaferi

Theses

The adsorption equilibria and adsorption rates of fructose and of glucose on aqueous suspensions of fullers earth were determined at various temperatures. The Langmuir adsorption equations were fitted to the equilibrium data and the Langmuir constants were determined so that isotherms could be developed for any pair of parametric pumping operating temperatures.

This glucose+fructose+water system was then subjected to continuous thermal parametric pumping for the separation of glucose and fructose. The operating conditions required for the separation were determined from the experimental adsorption rates and equilibrium isotherms. Samples taken from the continuous top and bottom streams were analyzed by polarimetry …

Equilibrium Calculations Via The Benedict-Webb-Rubin Equation Of State, Steven L. Sincoff

Theses

The performance of various vapor-liquid equilibrium calculations requires phase equilibrium data. One of the most versatile sources of this data is an equation of state, re-lating the pressure, temperature, and phase compositions it a single expression. The equation under study herewith is the eight constant Benedict-Webb-Rubin Equation of State.

This paper provides a computer program which evaluates the following types of phase equilibria: bubble-points, dew-points, and two phase flash calculations. Also included in this paper is the theoretical backround of the Benedict-Webb-Rubin Equation of State, calculational techniques, and the data used in the program.

Studies Of Rare Earth Compounds, Rostam Mondegarian

Theses

The work reported herein has consisted of miscellaneous studies of rare earth compounds.

1. The Pr—As system was studied with a view to obtaining a ferromagnetic composition.
2. Attempts were made to prepare ternary compounds by solid state reaction of PrAs, GdAs or YbAs with MnAs, CrAs or FeAs, and PrP, GdP, or YbP with MnP, CrP or FeP.
3. Attempts were made to prepare quaternary compounds by solid state reaction of YbAs, YbP and GdAs with CdI2 in various molar ratios. In many cases new compouns appeared to be formed but because of complexity of the X—ray patterns it was not possible …

Flow Behavior Of Molten Polymer Blends, Kryspin Pawel Maciejewski

Theses

An experimental study of molten polymer blends was made using the Instron Capillary Rheometer. The materials investigated were two phase blends of non-crystalline polymers (poIymethylmethacrystate-low Mw-polyvinylacetate, polyvinylacetate-polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate-low Mw-polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate-high Mw-polystyrene), crystalline polymers (polyethylene-polypropylene) and combinations of non-crystalline-crystalline polymers (polyethylene-polystyrene). Two methods of sample preparation were used, blending of a polymer pair in a molten state by the use of Brabender blender, and a simple manual blending of pellets in desired proportion. The Brabender blended polymer pairs show lower viscosities, this is interpreted molecularly as a result of a reduction of the amount of chain entanglement on shearing of the …

Drag Reduction On Non-Ionic Surfactants In Aqueous Systems, Jen-Lin Chang

Masters Theses

"The use of polyoxyethylene alcohol non-ionic surfactants as drag reducing additives in aqueous systems was investigated. Significant drag reduction was obtained with suitable combinations of one percent Alfonic 1214 and salts at 30°C such that the surfactant was near or above its upper critical solubility temperature. Maximum drag reduction was observed at the cloud point. Relative viscosity values also peaked at this point. No upper critical shear stress was attained up to wall shear stresses of 2,000 dynes/cm² with one percent Alfonic 1214 solutions at their cloud points.

At a fixed temperature, the salt concentration required to reach the …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Poly-(P-Phenylene Pyromellitamic Acid), Constantine William Tsimpris

Doctoral Dissertations

"Poly-(p-phenylenepyromellitamic acid)s have been synthesized over the weight average molecular weight range from 8,000 to 22,000 by reaction of pyromellitic dianhydride and p-phenylenediamine in dimethylformamide. The polymers were recovered as amorphous yellow powders having planar dimensions of 3-4 x 1-2 µm with thicknesses of 0.1-0.2 µm and contained 20-30% associated dimethylformamide. Consumption of reactants and attainment of the ultimate molecular weight of the polymer was found to occur within one minute. Thermogravimetry of the solid poly(amic acid)s was used in a method developed to determine the amount of associated dimethylformamide, to study the cyclization of poly(amic acid) to polyimide, and …

Mass Transfer With Second-Order Chemical Reaction Inside Circulating Fluid Droplets, Roy James Brunson

Doctoral Dissertations

"The solution of a mathematical model is presented which describes mass transfer accompanied by a second-order chemical reaction inside a circulating, fluid sphere for the laminar flow region. The values for eight different mass transfer indices are presented as a function of the Peclet number, reaction number, diffusivity ratio, concentration ratio, and the dimensionless contact time. The results of this work are compared with the film and penetration theories for mass transfer with reaction as modified to apply inside a fluid sphere. This work corrects the three factors which limit the accuracy of applying previous theories to fluid spheres: geometrical …

A Study Of Three Methods Which Solve A Suboptimum Control Problem On An Iterative Analog Computer, Joseph Camp Finney

Masters Theses

"Three methods for optimizing a proportional and a proportional-integral controller parameter problem were investigated on an iterative analog computer. The three methods were the parameter-perturbation correlation method, the absolute biasing method, and the variable step size method. The process controlled was third order linear. The performance function used to judge the quality of the controller was the time integral of the absolute value of error. All three methods required a trial and error adjustment of the parameters used in these methods. The optimum solution was obtained by all methods. The absolute biasing method, for both the proportional and the proportional-integral …

The Electrochemical Reduction Of Fumaric Acid On Hg-Bi Cathodes, Chen Hwei Chi

Doctoral Dissertations

"The electrochemical reduction of fumaric acid was studied on Hg, Hg/1%Bi amalgam, and Bi at 60ºC in acidic solutions of various pH ranging from 0.3 to 3.7. The fumaric acid was reduced to succinic acid with high efficiency on each electrode. The steady state kinetic parameters included Tafel slopes of ca. 2.3 RT/F and first order concentration dependences for both undissociated fumaric acid and H⁺. Transient measurements indicated low coverages of adsorbed fumaric acid and no adsorbed hydrogen species in the potential region of the reaction. A reaction mechanism is proposed which involves a chemical rate determining step between an …

Kinetic Analysis Of The Radiation Polymerization Of Methyl Methacrylate–Kaolin Clay Composites, J. J. Beeson, Kenneth G. Mayhan

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In the first of a two‐part series, a kinetic study has been made on the effects of gamma rays (60Co) in air and inert gas on the polymerization of a 50:50 weight‐mixture methyl methacrylate (MMA)–kaolin clay system. The effect of dose rate (7.35–24.9 rads/sec), temperature (25° to 75°C), and total dose on the percentage conversion of monomer to polymer was studied. The rate of formation of polymer at 25°C in the composite system was found to be faster when compared to a bulk MMA system at the same dose rate. This acceleration showed that the clay had a catalytic effect …

Entrance Effects On Capillary Degradation Of Dilute Polystyrene Solutions, J. D. Culter, Kenneth G. Mayhan, Gary Kent Patterson, A. A. Sarmasti, J. (Jacques) L. Zakin

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Discussion, A. G. Fabula, Gary Kent Patterson

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

The Plasma Polymerization Of Vinyl Monomers. I. The Design, Construction, And Operation Of An Inductively Coupled Plasma Generator And Preliminary Studies With Nine Monomers, L. F. Thompson, Kenneth G. Mayhan

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

An apparatus was constructed which would allow vinyl‐type monomers (and others) to polymerize at ambient temperatures in the presence of an inductively coupled RF field. The details of the construction of the system are reported along with preliminary results obtained from nine monomers: styrene, methylvinyldichlorosilane, vinyl acetate, acrylonitrile, vinyl fluoride, 1,1‐difluoroethylene, vinyl chloride, ethylene, and 1,3‐butadiene. Copyright © 1972 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Characterization Of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) From Radiation‐Induced Polymerization In The Presence Of A Kaolin Clay Substrate, J. J. Beeson, Kenneth G. Mayhan

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Two types of polymer are formed in the radiation‐initiated polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA)–kaolin clay complexes. Homopolymer can be extracted from the complex by the use of organic solvents. Inserted polymer must be removed by dissolution of the polymer–clay complex with hydrofluoric acid. The polymers formed show no differences in structure (as determined by infrared analysis), had high molecular weights (1–5 x 106), and had similar molecular weight distributions (as determined by GPC). The molecular weights of the homopolymer increased as temperature increased (25°–75°C), and dose rate decreased (24.9–7.35 rads/sec). The isotacticity of the polymers when compared to irradiated bulk …

Saturated Enthalpies For Mixtures Of Propane And Propene, David B. Manley, George W. Swift

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

The Plasma Polymerization Of Vinyl Monomers. Ii. A Detailed Study Of The Plasma Polymerization Of Styrene, L. F. Thompson, Kenneth G. Mayhan

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A study has been made on the plasma polymerization of styrene monomer in a cold, low‐power, inductively coupled RF plasma. Styrene monomer yielded an insoluble, crosslinked film which was slightly colored. A kinetic study is reported for styrene. The effects of power level, bleed rate of monomer, pressure, and reactor geometry on the rate of polymer formation are reported. A mechanism is postulated for plasma polymerization. It was found that the initiation step was the rate controlling step and that the reaction followed a cationic polymerization scheme. Both crosslinking and discoloration of the polymers occur at the time of polymerization …

Preliminary Studies With A Variable Transfer Composite Polymer Membrane., Samuel Walter Dortch

Masters Theses

"A preliminary study was done to determine the feasibility of using a compressed fibrous teflon (PTFE) silicone polymer membrane in extracorporeal oxygenation devices. A series of composite membranes were fabricated, using different concentrations of a dimethyl silicone polymer dissolved in petroleum ether, to give membranes having variable oxygen transfer properties. A gas-gas system was chosen to obtain the necessary transfer data. Data were obtained by transferring pure oxygen through the membranes into a mixture of 47 mole percent oxygen and 53 mole percent carbon dioxide. All analyses were obtained by chromatographic techniques. The results of these experiments show that membranes …

High Pressure Water Jet Cutting Of Rock, Richard Lee Henry

Masters Theses

"Three experiments are described that investigate the impingement of high pressure water jets on rock. The effect of jet pressure, stand-off distance, and time of impact on penetration and specific energy of rock removal are determined on Berea sandstone, Georgia marble, and Missouri granite. Pressures range from 5,000 psi to 25,000 psi, stand-off distances from 2.0 inches to 4.0 inches and time from 0.1 seconds to 5.0 seconds. The nozzle diameter used was 0.023 inches. The effect of nozzle speed and number of passes over the same area on depth of cut and specific energy are investigated on the above …

Continuous Interfacial Polycondensation Of Nylon 6-6, Chandrakant A. Patel

Theses

Nylon 6-6 has been prepared by continuous interfacial polycondensation from hexamethylene diamine and adipyl chloride in a stirred system. The effect of monomer concentration and stirring on the intrinsic viscosity of polyamide 6-6 solution in formic acid (90%) was determined.

As stirring rate and monomer ratio increased, the intrinsic viscosity and polymer yield went through a maximum. Diffusion coefficient (D_AB) for hexamethylene diamine was calculated and from that J_D and mass transfer coefficient /D_AB were calculated. A relation between Reynolds number and J_D factor was established by correlation curve.