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Reaction Kinetics For The Synthesis Of Benzyl Benzoate From Benzyl Chloride And The Triethylamine Salt Of Benzoic Acid, Michael A. Kolakowski

Theses

The reaction kinetics for the synthesis of benzyl benzoate from benzyl chloride and the triethylamine salt of benzoic acid has been studied over the temperature range of 70-105°C and a mole ratio of benzyl chloride to triethylamine of 0.5 - 10.0.

A reaction mechanism which is consistent with the experimental data has been derived. The experimental data was analyzed by means of the integral method of analysis. The temperature dependency of the reaction was determined from Arrhenius' Law and the activation energy was calculated to be 15,064 cal/g-mole. An empirical equation which explains the effects of the reactant mole ratio …

A Systems Study Of Oil Pollution Abatement And Control For Portland Inner And Outer Harbor, Casco Bay, Maine, Arthur D. Little, Inc.

Maine Collection

A Systems Study of Oil Pollution Abatement and Control for Portland Inner and Outer Harbor, Casco Bay, Maine

to State of Maine, Department of Environmental Protection, State House Augusta, Maine 04330

Appropriation Number 4320-4001

by Arthur D. Little, Incorporated, 20 Acorn Park, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140 (March 15, 1976).

Contents: Executive Summary / 1. Introduction / 2. Identification of Vulnerable Resources / 3. Potential Oil Spill Locations / 4. Oil Spill Movement / 5. Containment and Disposal Systems / 6. Oil Monitoring Systems / 7. Marine Navigation In Portland Inner and Outer Harbors / Appendices

Resource Recovery From Solid Waste: The Story Of Union Electric's Solid Waste Utilization System, David L. Klumb, Paul R. Brendel

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper covers the design and development of a comprehensive resource recovery system capable of serving the solid waste disposal needs of the Greater St. Louis area comprising 11,500km² (4500 sq. mi.). This 7.2 x 10⁶ kg (8000 ton) per day operation will convert solid waste into milled fuel for cofiring with pulverized coal in utility boilers, and will recover magnetic and non-magnetic metals, all in an environmentally acceptable manner. Scheduled for operation in 1979, the system will be built and operated as a private enterprise venture of Union Colliery Company, a subsidiary of Union Electric Company.

Optimal Process Overdesign With A Flowsheet Simulator, Frank Joseph Doering

Doctoral Dissertations

"Overdesign is applied to chemical processes to include additional equipment for improved process reliability or to account for deviations from average conditions. An efficient method to optimize the overdesign of a complex chemical process is developed for use on a flowsheet simulation program. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated by simulating the sulfuric acid process with metallurgical feed gas on the flowsheet program PROPS. The process is optimized for reliable and variable performance by the adaptive random search algorithm"-- Abstract, p. xi

A Study Of The Effect Of An Electric Potential On The Saponification Of Ethyl Acetate, Michael Maciupa

Theses

A reactor of rectangular cross-sectional, area was constructed of plexiglass to study the effect of an electric potential on the saponification of ethyl acetate with sodium hydroxide. Three different laminar region flow rates were used and the applied voltage was varied up to four kilovolts in one kilovolt increments for each flow rate. It was found that the apparent rate constant for the reaction was either increased or decreased depending on the voltage and flow rate used. The largest increase was a 4.2 percent change from zero voltage steady state conditions with an applied voltage of one kilovolt at a …

Sample Design For Electricity Pricing Experiments: Anticipated Precision For A Time-Of-Day Pricing Experiment, Dennis J. Aigner

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The primary goal of a pricing experiment is basically the same as that for an experiment in direct load control: To discover the effects of time-of-day pricing on the shape of the daily load curve for a particular customer or class of customers. For the pricing experiment, it is also of interest to know how those effects are related to the pricing structure itself.

In this paper, we consider two alternative models of kwh consumption for residential customers as the basis for calculating an optimal experimental design, and compare them in terms of the levels of precision of estimation (for …

Transition Boiling Of Normal Pentane From A Horizontal Flat Gold Surface At One Atmosphere Pressure, R. M. Canon, Efton Park

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

An Examination Of The Adaptive Random Search Technique, M. W. Heuckroth, J. L. Gaddy, L. D. Gaines

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Random search procedures have recently been successfully applied to the optimization of a variety of chemical engineering problems, including optimization of chemical processes by flow sheet simulation. These procedures represent the independent variables as random variables described by probability distributions. The adaptive random search procedure centers the distribution for each variable about the best search point found and examines this region for a better point. Thus, this technique has the ability of continuously moving the search region toward the optimum, which is particularly advantageous in following constraints. This study examines the efficiency of the adaptive random search technique as applied …

Mass Transfer To Drops Moving Through Power Law Fluids In The Intermediate Reynolds Number Region, Robert M. Wellek, Türker Gürkan

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The mass transfer rate to fluid spheres is calculated for power law and Newtonian fluids by using the intermediate Reynolds number stream functions of Nakano and Tien (1970) and Yamaguchi et al. (1974), respectively. The Sh increases with increases in Re and Pe and decreases in n. Better results are obtained with Nakano and Tien's functions when Re > 10 and with Yamaguchi's functions when Re < 10. Copyright © 1976 American Institute of Chemical Engineers

Mass Transfer In Dispersed And Continous Phases For Creeping Flow Of Fluid Spheres Through Power Law Fluids, Türker Gürkan, Robert M. Wellek

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The diffusion equation was numerically solved by an implicit finite-difference method for the purpose of calculating the continuous phase Sherwood number, Sh, for mass transfer from an internally circulating Newtonian droplet traveling through a non-Newtonian power-law-type continuous phase in the creeping flow regime. The Mohan stream functions were used in the calculations in order to approximate the velocity profile inside and outside the droplet. The calculated Sh is presented as a function of the Peclet number, Pe, power-law index, n, and a viscosity ratio parameter, X. Sh increases as n decreases in the pseudoplastic region. The dependence of Sh on …

Generalized Correlations For Molecular Weight And Concentration Dependence Of Zero-Shear Viscosity Of High Polymer Solutions., J. L. Zakin, R. Wu, H. Luh, Kenneth G. Mayhan

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Results of a study are presented which show that two correlations of viscosity-concentration data are useful representations for data over wide ranges of mol. wt and up to at least moderately high concentrations for both good and fair solvents. Low mol. wt polymer solutions (below the critical entanglement mol. wt M//c) generally have higher viscosities than predicted by the correlations. One correlation is eta //s//p/c left bracket eta right bracket versus k prime left bracket eta right bracket c, where eta //s//p is specific viscosity, c is polymer concentration, left bracket eta right bracket is intrinsic viscosity, and k prime …

The Fluid Motion Due To A Rotating Disk, Ralph E. White, Charles M. Mohr Jr, John Newman

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Scattering Of Argon And Neon From W(112), Ralph E. White, Jean Jacques Ehrhardt, Robert P. Merrill

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

On Energy Strategies And Pecuniary Calculation, Herman E. Daly

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

No abstract provided.

Feasibility Of Integrated Ocean Thermal Gradient-Nuclear Plants For The Production Of Electrical Power, Frank Ferrer, Donald Sasscer

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A study was made of the feasibility of integrating an ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) electrical power plant with a nuclear power plant. The integration was such that the waste heat of the nuclear plant was used to augment the thermal efficiency of the OTEC plant. The study was performed for three shore line sites of Puerto Rico where deep cold water is found between 2 and 10 miles from shore.

Energy - Minerals - Environment: How Now Brown Cow?, Bobby G. Wixson

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Energy, technical, social, political, economic, and environmental problems are all people related problems which will continue to increase along with the world's population. With the growing demands for more energy and minerals along with the constraints of protecting the environment, new approaches must be considered to these complex problems.

Energy sources, modifications, alternatives, and new developments must be considered for the present as short term resources (next 25- 30 years) and in the future as long range research necessary to develop and implement new technology (25 years on). Major energy sources and their environmental considerations are generally classified as:

I. …

3rd Annual Umr-Mec Conference On Energy -- Entire Proceedings, University Of Missouri--Rolla

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

No abstract provided.

Process Optimization By Flow Sheet Simulation, L. D. Gaines, J. L. Gaddy

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Optimization of large or complex chemical processes often requires simplifying the system to reduce the mathematics to a form manageable by available algorithms or to reduce the time required to perform the computations. In many cases, such simplification alters the solution of the problem. Flow sheet simulation programs are ideally suited to the study of chemical processes, although the computational time is generally considered excessive for detailed optimization of complex systems by the usual procedures. This paper discusses the modifications needed to apply flow sheet simulation programs to the optimization of chemical processes. The advantages and disadvantages of the use …

The Process Refrigeration System At Breweries, H. M. L. Kagaruki

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Abstract

Adsorption On Activated Flyash, John William Kubarewicz

Theses

An experimental study was undertaken to compare the adsorptive characteristics of activated carbon, flyash, and activated flyash. Due to the contradictory evidence available in the literature, emphasis was placed on the effect of acid activation on the physical properties of the adsorbent. The experiment consisted of two parts; batch isotherm studies, and continuous column operations. An artificial sewage composed of a mixture of deionized water and beef broth was used as the adsorbate. This solution was prepared daily and exerted a COD of 225 ± 30 mg/l. Flyash activation was found to increase the degree of adsorption indirectly rather than …

The Energy Conservation Implications Of Master Metering Of Electric Service In Apartments, Gordon Gross

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A study has been made of the difference in electricity usage between residents of "Electricity included" apartments and those tenants who pay individual "light bills." The factors which influence owners' and builders' choices of metering service are discussed in detail.

Data taken from over 100 apartment buildings or complexes in 10 major U.S. metropolitan areas and from over 50 major electric power companies are used as the basis for the reported results. Contractors estimates of the costs to convert building service from master to individual meter and some bases for these costs are presented.

The energy conservation potential which might …

A Vehicle For Improving Energy Management For Business And Industry, Herbert M. Eckerlin, Albert S. Boyers

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A new technical assistance program focusing on the area of energy management has been developed by North Carolina State University for business and industry. This paper describes the operation of the program and presents some typical recommendations made to industry. The impact of the energy crisis on small industry is discussed and future plans for addressing this problem are presented.

Ways To Reduce Peak Electrical Demand In South Louisiana, S. J. Gold, M. D. Bakewell, G. E. Guidry, E. F. Lewis, L. J. Naquin, B. P. Whitney

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This study analyses alternatives for coping with the peak electrical demand of hot summer afternoons. Economic and Political aspects, as well as technical feasibility, are included. It is concluded that South Louisiana may indeed be able to trim peak demand to 5% below what is anticipated by 1980 , thus making one of the coal fired stations scheduled then unnecessary. However, the contingencies (Natural Gas Shortage, Another Oil Embargo) would make a coal-fired station very desirable.

The Impact Of Direct Coupling Of Solar Cell Arrays To Electric Power Networks, Adel H. Eltimsahy, Fernando L. Alvarado, Thomas W. Boyd

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper has to do with a preliminary investigation of the economic impact of solar cells when directly coupled to a conventional three-phase power network in the Toledo area.

A correlation is established between power system demand curves and solar insolation data in the Toledo area using computer simulation. The correlation studies determine how successfully solar cell/inverter systems can alleviate the power system demand during peak hours. They also show how much solar cell area will be needed to cause a significant impact on the power generating system.

Using computer simulation the initial cost of the solar cell/inverter is compared …

Choosing Alternative Energy Systems Under Conditions Of Uncertainty, Dennis Costello

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A methodology for simulating the decision process of an investor deciding between alternative energy systems is presented. The approach assumes the investor bases his decision on cost (or rate of return) and risk. Risk is treated directly in the model and not reduced to a certainty equivalent. The rate of return-risk characteristics of many system combinations allows them to be eliminated as viable choices to the investor without reference to his personal attitude toward risk.

Energy Conservation At Monsanto, Ray E. Doerr

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

We at Monsanto want to thank you for the opportunity to tell you about our energy conservation program. We are proud of our accomplishments to date, and are very optimistic regarding plans for the future in energy conservation.

Through our five operating companies and supported by corporate departments, Monsanto directs the conservation efforts at 50 locations in the United States.

We also have a very active conservation program in Canada and Europe.

Storage Of Spent Fuel From Light Water Reactors, W. C. Wolkenhauer

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The effects of possible inadequate nuclear fuel reprocessing capability upon a public utility, Washington Public Power Supply System, are studied. The possible alternatives for storing spent fuel are reviewed.

The Design And Application Of Induction Motors For Efficient Energy Utilization, Paul K. Lindhorst

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The various means for increasing electric motor efficiency and power factor are presented from the design and application points of view. Various design options are explored using computer aided design procedures. Motor characteristics are reviewed with the intent of maximizing efficiency through proper application. A thorough study of the economics of higher efficiency motors is presented showing payback to the user in terms of energy cost savings and payback of the increased energy required to produce the higher efficiency motors.

Natural Resource Pricing And Economic Development, Vaman Rao

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

In a competitive equilibrium the price of a natural resource will be increasing at a rate equal to the social time preference rate, but in a monopoly market, the price will be increasing at less than social time preference rate. If the producer countries utilise their monopoly of production and sale of a natural resource for the purpose of developing their economies, the price of the natural resource will be growing at the rate at which the producer countries' economies are growing, whether or not the sales proceeds are used to finance their investment programmes, fully or partly.

An Engineering, Geological And Hydrological Environmental Assessment Of A 250 Mmscfd Dry Ash Lurgi Coal Gasification Facility, Mason H. Somerville, James L. Elder, Stephen R. Moran

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A preliminary engineering, geological, and hydrological environmental assessment of a proposed 250 MMSCFD dry ash Lurgi coal gasification facility is discussed.

The facility's emission spectrum is examined on the basis of the proposed design and empirical data. This system utilizes approximately 13 million tons of lignite and 17,000 acre feet of water per year and consumes 6500 tons of oxygen per day. The results of the study indicate that the major gaseous effluent is CO₂, that the federal limits on SO₂ effluent may be met, and that the atmospheric degradation criterion will be the most difficult one …