Digital Commons Network^™

Sowing Imbalance From The Start: Power, Role Socialization, And Graduate Assistants In Ncaa Division I Power Four Athletic Departments, Kaitlin Pericak, Daniel Springer, Brittany Washington, Rachel Silva

Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

Graduate assistantships represent early entry points into intercollegiate athletics and serve as critical sites of professional socialization. Guided by Mead’s (1934) role theory and Foucault’s (1975/1977) concept of power, this study examined how graduate assistants (GAs) negotiated their dual roles as students and employees within Division I Power Four athletic departments. Semi-structured interviews with 10 current GAs revealed how organizational expectations normalized overwork, positioned the master’s degree as a compulsory credential, and sowed imbalance that shaped participants’ identities and well-being. Findings demonstrate how GAs internalized structured constraints and reproduced organizational norms, framing overwork as a necessary rite of passage. These …

Teaching With S2scc-Ai: A Practical Framework For Sport Management Classrooms, Kimberly D. Bynum, Wendy T. Gillis

The COSMA Journal

ABSTRACT

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, including tools such as ChatGPT, Claude, and Perplexity, are radically changing how higher ed students approach their college learning experience. These shifts are especially impactful in undergraduate sport management programs, where employers expect graduates to demonstrate teamwork, critical thinking and digital literacy skills. As AI becomes embedded across sport industry functions such as event operations, marketing, analytics, and fan engagement, higher ed pedagogy must evolve to reflect the professional contexts students are preparing to enter. In this paper, Student-to-Student Co-Creation enhanced by AI (S2SCC-AI) is advanced as a practical, COSMA-aligned pedagogical framework for leveraging …

Health Insurance Literacy Among College Students At The University Of South Carolina, Emma J. Smith, Lorie Donelle Phd, Rn, Fcan, Robin Dawson

Caroliniana Undergraduate Research Journal

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the health insurance literacy skills of graduate college students and undergraduate college students.

Methods: A cross-sectional research design incorporated a 20-item questionnaire to examine college students’ knowledge of common health insurance terms and definitions, as well as their perceived understanding of health insurance. Descriptive analyses were conducted of participant demographics, health insurance literacy scores were summarized, and common health insurance policies were tested through a readability checker.

Results: The majority of students were between the ages of 18-25 and undergraduate students. More than half of the participants were female, and more …

Does A Satisfied Customer Care About Price? A Study Of The Moderating Effects Of Switching Barriers On The Relationship Between Customer Satisfaction And Price Sensitivity In The Health And Fitness Club Industry, Lei Ouyang

Atlantic Marketing Association Proceedings

No abstract provided.

The Evolving Impact Of The National Anthem Protest And Covid On High School Interest In Nfl Football: An Exploratory Investigation Of High School Student Interest In The 2021-2022 Super Bowl., George W. Stone

Atlantic Marketing Association Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Not All Emotions Are Created Equal In Social Media Marketing, A Case Of Savannah Bananas, Jen Jones, Ania Izabela Rynarzewska

Atlantic Marketing Association Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Is Customer Always Right? A Common Service-Related Issue In The Sport Arenas, Steve Chen, Christy L. Trent, William Wellman, Jose P. Garcia

Atlantic Marketing Association Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Exploring The Possibility Of A Salary Floor In Major League Baseball (Mlb), Tyler Michael Jones

Masters Theses

This non-experimental quantitative study examined the relationship between team payroll disparities, fan engagement, and perceptions of fairness in Major League Baseball (MLB). Guided by Competitive Balance Theory, the study sought to determine if perceived fairness influenced fan support for the implementation of a salary floor, and whether those attitudes differed across demographic and team context. Data were collected from 200 adult MLB fans residing in the United States and Canada using an online survey distributed via social media platforms. The instrument included demographic items and Likert-scale measures assessing fairness perceptions, fan engagement, and policy support. Data were analyzed using hierarchical …

Formula 1 In The United States: A Model For Growing International Sports In U.S.?, Kate Meg Eagan, Matthew Lastner, Brian Kinard

Atlantic Marketing Association Student Proceedings

Formula 1 (F1) has grown exponentially in popularity with American audiences in the past several years, in large part by deploying modern marketing practices that are reshaping the perspective of motorsport in the U.S. Marketing experts have credited this growth to marketing practices such as the launch of a Netflix docuseries, “Drive to Survive,” which offers a dramatized retelling of the season and grants viewers a behind the scenes glimpse of the sport. As a next step, F1 is funding a major motion picture named for the sport starring Brad Pitt. Despite evidence that these practices have benefitted F1, other …

New Marker Unveiled To Honor Una, Jeff Mcintyre

Documents

A new marker was unveiled to honor the University of North Alabama as being the only college football team in history to win three consecutive national championships- The TimesDaily 

There's 'No Place Like Home' For Una Lions, Jeff Hodges

Documents

News article in The Florence Times-Tri-Cities Daily on the impact Flowers Hall has for the UNA Lions and their at home win ratio.

Hall Of Fame- Hal Self (Induction Class Of 1990), University Of North Alabama

Documents

Hal Self-- Hall of Fame Class induction of 1990. The Flowers Hall Annex, now known as the UNA Athletics Offices, was renamed in honor of Self (Self Field House)

Director Of Physical Education, Diorama 1949

Documents

Hubert A. Flowers was Director of Physical Education. Flowers Hall was named after him.

Flowers Hall To Undergo Updates For Division I Move, Jacob Cole

Documents

Updates to Flowers Hall to compete in Division I athletics--The Flor-Ala

From Mercedes Benz Stadium To The Staples Center: A Cross-League Analysis Of Stadium Naming Rights Brand Affinity In Professional Sports, Darin White

Atlantic Marketing Association Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Reproducing Advantage: Inequality In Ncaa Leadership Programming, Jessica K. Brougham, Elizabeth A. Taylor

Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

Leadership programming in NCAA Division I athletics is designed to support holistic athlete development, including career readiness, financial literacy, and personal growth. However, participation in selective initiatives like the Student-Athlete Advisory Committee (SAAC) is often limited, raising concerns about equality and access. Through the theory of social reproduction, our study examines how these programs reflet and reinforce structural inequalities. Interviews with athletic staff reveal selection procedures (or lack thereof) privilege athletes who already possess social and cultural capital and therefore reproduce existing hierarchies rather than serve as a developmental tool. The findings highlight the importance of transparent selection criteria, intentional …

Ncaa’S Mental Health Best Practices Still Need Coaching: Perceptions Of Division I Student-Athletes On Strategies And Support Offered By Their Universities, Christopher C. Boyer, Jason Bocarro, Corey Johnson, Austin Thompson-Spain, Lulu Black

Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

The NCAA has recognized the growing mental health crisis among student-athletes over the last decade and responded by publishing best practices, passing related legislation, and conducting surveys with student-athletes and coaches regarding mental health. This qualitative study explored the perceptions and insights of 22 Division I student-athletes on current strategies and resources designed to provide the best mental health support to them, along with what they perceive as the barriers or resource deficiencies related to seeking help. This applied research was done in the context of the best practices outlined in the NCAA’s Interassociation Consensus Document: Mental Health Best Practices, …

Game Without A Voice: College Athletes’ Symbolic Participation In Institutional Decisions, Eric G. Kramer, Karina Jolly, Chris Corr, Sarah Stokowski

Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

This study examined decision-making by student-athlete advisory committee (SAAC) members within a hegemonic characterization of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Findings revealed that athletes prioritized decisions with tangible, immediate impact – such as mental and physical health and peer support – over broader systemic issues like NCAA legislation. While athletes actively participated in select areas, their perceived influence remained low, particularly within athletic department policy decisions, where findings indicated the greatest gap between participation and desired influence. Such findings reflect a systemic power imbalance that limits athlete agency, reinforced by fears of retribution and structural exclusion from meaningful governance. …

Flowers Fought Long And Hard For Athletics, Ronald Thomas

Documents

News article from The Flor-Ala on Eddie Flowers and Flowers Hall

Book Review - Applied Ethics For Sport Managers, Sydney Loutit

Global Sport Business Journal

This book review examines Applied Ethics for Sport Managers, Second Edition by Kadance Otto, which introduces ethical frameworks and their application within the sport industry. The text emphasizes fairness, integrity, and responsibility as core elements of sport organizations while providing accessible explanations and applied learning tools. Particular attention is given to pedagogical features that encourage critical thinking about ethical dilemmas. Overall, the book is positioned as a valuable resource for sport management students, early-career professionals, and emerging sport leaders.

Book Review - Soccer, Globalization, And Innovation, Sangchul Park

Global Sport Business Journal

This review examines Soccer, Globalization, and Innovation: The Beautiful Game in the 21st Century, an edited book that explores soccer as a key site where globalization and innovation intersect. This book conceptualizes innovation across multiple domains, including gameplay, sport business, and social and political initiatives. Simultaneously, this book emphasizes the interconnected and contested nature of global processes. Drawing on various actual cases, this book presents and highlights how power relations, stakeholder dynamics, and technological changes shape outcomes in global soccer. The current review evaluates the book’s conceptual framework, organization, and practical relevance. In doing so, this review notes the strengths …

Book Review - Olympic Outliers: Brisbane 2032 And The Future Of The Olympic Games, Robert Sroka

Global Sport Business Journal

This book review examines Olympic Outliers: Brisbane 2032 and the Future of the Olympic Games by Peter English, a multidisciplinary analysis of Brisbane's  appointment as host of the 2032 Olympic and Paralympic Games. The book argues that Brisbane's selection as a mid-sized, regionally focused outlier host reflects a turning point in the Olympic Movement driven by IOC governance reform, shifting geopolitics, and a scarcity of competing megacity bids. Evaluated across four chapters addressing bidding history, legacy planning, media framing, and broader implications for future host selection, the book demonstrates considerable scholarly and practical value. Drawing on robust primary and secondary …

A Labor Market Unleashed: College Football Labor Substitution In The Transfer Portal Era, Adrian M. Simion, Jeremy M. Losak, Catalina Bush

Sport Management - All Scholarship

College football's labor market has been transformed by litigation-driven regulatory change eliminating long-standing mobility restrictions. Central to this transformation is a new roster construction dilemma — whether to acquire experienced collegiate talent through the transfer portal or invest in traditional high school recruiting. Using a fixed effects panel of 127 Football Bowl Subdivision programs across six recruiting cycles (2019–2024), we examine whether schools substitute transfers for high school recruits. Three findings emerge. First, portal activity is associated with reduced three-star recruiting but no relationship with four-star or five-star prospects, with substitution driven by quantity rather than quality. Second, substitution is …

2026 Gsba Conference Abstracts

Global Sport Business Journal

Conference abstracts from the 2026 GSBA Conference "Ideas in Motion"

Book Review - Inventing For Sports, Ryan Rodenberg, Vito Tonejc

Global Sport Business Journal

The editors of Inventing for Sports—Eric S. Hintz & Arthur A. Daemmrich—have successfully connected sports with advances in technology, science, and medicine via the inventions making athletic pursuits better and more accessible. Hintz and Daemmrich have also provided great lessons in entrepreneurship, with a bundle of case studies covering inventions such as sports drinks, oversized tennis racquets, and streamlined swimwear.  The editors detail how people came up with inventions while trying to solve a particular problem or challenge in their sport of choice.  Throughout the book, the two main themes are how athletes can gain a competitive edge with their …

Evaluating Current And Prospective Major League Soccer Marketing Strategies To Spanish Speakers In The United States, Larissa Lee

Honors Theses

This quantitative study identifies the relationship between Spanish-language marketing and Major League Soccer (MLS) fandom and support among consumers. Data were collected by administering a survey in both English and Spanish to ensure inclusivity and increase accessibility. A total of 497 responses were collected, and a series of simple linear regressions were conducted using SPSS to evaluate if MLS fandom and team support could be predicted by language preference for marketing campaigns, perceptions of current Spanish-language content availability, cultural representation, cultural inclusion, and demand for more Spanish-language content.

Results indicated statistically significant differences across all hypotheses. Regarding the dependent variable …

Gsbj Editor's Note

Global Sport Business Journal

Editor's Note for Volume 11 (2026)

Book Review - The Fast Track, Darlene A. Kluka

Global Sport Business Journal

This review examines The Fast Track by Jane McManus, a timely analysis of the commercial rise of women’s sport in the United States. McManus challenges the persistent narrative of low consumer demand, reframing it as a consequence of historical underinvestment and limited infrastructure. Drawing on industry data, stakeholder interviews, and economic analysis, the book highlights key growth drivers, including media rights, sponsorship alignment, and athlete-led digital visibility. It also situates these developments within broader social and political contexts, addressing issues of equity, representation, and governance. While primarily U.S.-focused, the book offers a compelling market diagnosis and underscores women’s sport as …

Profit Vs. Principle: How Formula 1 Navigates Their Global Brand Perception In The Middle East, James R. J. Celli

Senior Theses

This thesis explores how Formula 1 (F1) tries to balance its growing economic goals with the ethical questions that come with expanding into the Middle East. As F1 continues to host races in countries such as Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Qatar, concerns have grown about whether the sport is being used for “sportswashing,” where major sporting events are meant to improve the image of governments with poor human rights records. At the same time, F1 promotes values like sustainability, equality, and human rights, which makes this situation even more complex.

The goal of this research is …

Fashion, Function, And Identity: Generation Z College Students’ Athletic Merchandise Preferences, Michelle L. Childs, Robin Hardin

AMTP Proceedings 2026

Generation Z consumers use apparel to communicate both group affiliation and individuality, yet limited research has examined whether preferences for university athletic merchandise differ by gender. This study investigates how Generation Z college students evaluate official branding, fashion, and uniqueness in athletic apparel. Survey data were collected from 777 students at a large NCAA Division I university. Exploratory factor analysis identified three reliable dimensions: official merchandise style, fashion, and uniqueness. ANOVA results indicated no significant gender differences in preferences for official merchandise or uniqueness. However, male students reported significantly stronger interest in fashionable and trend-forward merchandise than female students, challenging …