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Relationship Of Facebook Usage To Team Identification, Caitlin Moyer Jul 2012

Relationship Of Facebook Usage To Team Identification, Caitlin Moyer

Master's Theses (2009 -)

This study examines the relationship of Facebook usage with sports team identification using Wann's (2006c) "Team Identification-Social Psychological Health Model" to help identify individuals' needs, or motives, for connecting with the team via Facebook as well as with the team itself. To the extent that the team's Facebook presence is believed to fulfill certain needs for an individual, connecting with a team via Facebook was expected to result in higher levels of team identification with that team. Thus, by determining the uses and gratifications that individuals glean from connecting with the team via the social networking site, marketers may be …

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Baseball Verdicts, Richard C. Crepeau Jun 2012

Baseball Verdicts, Richard C. Crepeau

On Sport and Society

It ended last week with the jury foreman announcing to the court that the jury had found Roger Clemens “not guilty.”

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Title Ix, Richard C. Crepeau Jun 2012

Title Ix, Richard C. Crepeau

On Sport and Society

This weekend marks the fortieth anniversary of the passage of the Educational Amendments Act of 1972 whose section, Title IX, transformed sport in America. After forty years the achievements of Title IX are impressive, while some controversy persists and some misinformation continues to persist. In the past decade the conservative political attack has subsided and Title IX seems to have been removed from those still fighting the culture wars particularly on the issue of feminism.

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An Olympic-Size Debate: Cost Vs. Legacy, Richard C. Crepeau Jun 2012

An Olympic-Size Debate: Cost Vs. Legacy, Richard C. Crepeau

UCF Forum

The Games of the XXXth Olympiad will begin in London on July 27, and they have been anticipated in England with a combination of excitement, media hype, public indifference, anxiety, and debate.

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Father's Day, Richard C. Crepeau Jun 2012

Father's Day, Richard C. Crepeau

On Sport and Society

This was first written in 1992 for Father's Day shortly after my father's death which is now 23 years ago. It was originally a radio commentary for WUCF-FM in Orlando. I send it out each year as a tribute to my father and as a tribute to all fathers on Father's Day.

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Triple Crown, Richard C. Crepeau Jun 2012

Triple Crown, Richard C. Crepeau

On Sport and Society

It has become one of the rarest of rarities in American sport. This Saturday for the twelfth time in the past thirty-four years a horse will come to the Belmont with an opportunity to become the twelfth horse in the history of the Triple Crown to achieve this elusive fete. The last time it was done was in 1978 by Affirmed.

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Trends In Online Sport Marketing, Alexandra (Ali) Bickel Jun 2012

Trends In Online Sport Marketing, Alexandra (Ali) Bickel

Recreation, Parks, and Tourism Administration

All professional sports teams are using the Internet as a part of their marketing strategy. In order for this to be successful, it is critical for sport marketers to evaluate which Internet marketing trends are being best utilized to connect with fans and website users. The purpose of this study was to determine the best practices in sport marketing in the five major professional sport leagues. Data were collected from five professional sports team’s websites from the NBA, MLB, NHL, NFL and MLS. The instrument used consisted of a checklist with a section for written notes. The results indicated that …

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Differentiation Of Social Marketing And Cause-Related Marketing In Us Professional Sport, Jennifer Renee Pharr, Nancy L. Lough Jun 2012

Differentiation Of Social Marketing And Cause-Related Marketing In Us Professional Sport, Jennifer Renee Pharr, Nancy L. Lough

School of Public Health Faculty Research

Several studies have focused on cause-related sport marketing (CRM), yet few have examined social marketing in sport. The purpose of this study was to show how both are unique strategies employed in sport to achieve corporate social responsibility. A qualitative content analysis was utilized to analyze the outreach programs of the NBA, NFL, NHL, and MLB as described on each website. A directed content analysis was used to categorize outreach programs as CRM, social marketing, or other community outreach based on five variables that differentiate each strategy. Forty three programs were evaluated. Twenty two (51.2%) were categorized as social marketing, …

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Differentiation Of Social And Cause-Related Marketing In Professional Sport, Jennifer Renee Pharr, Nancy L. Lough Jun 2012

Differentiation Of Social And Cause-Related Marketing In Professional Sport, Jennifer Renee Pharr, Nancy L. Lough

Environmental & Global Health Faculty Research

Several studies have focused on cause-related sport marketing (CRM), yet few have examined social marketing in sport. The purpose of this study was to show how both are unique strategies employed in sport to achieve corporate social responsibility. A qualitative content analysis was utilized to analyze the outreach programs of the NBA, NFL, NHL and MLB as described on each website. A directed content analysis was used to categorize outreach programs as CRM, social marketing or other community outreach based on five variables that differentiate each strategy. Forty three programs were evaluated. Twenty two (51.2%) were categorized as social marketing, …

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An Empirical Examination Of University Intercollegiate Athletic Expenditures, Jeffrey L. Stinson, Adam Marquardt, Joshua Chandley Jun 2012

An Empirical Examination Of University Intercollegiate Athletic Expenditures, Jeffrey L. Stinson, Adam Marquardt, Joshua Chandley

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of Business

To date, little empirical work has examined the institutional returns associated with athletic program investments. While intangible brand effects are commonly cited, such as athletics serving as the perceptual “front porch” of the institution, direct examination of the effects of athletic programs has often been narrow in scope. Within this study, we assess the contributions of investment in athletics as compared to other areas of institutional investment, on important institutional outcomes. Data for the study was collected from two datasets, the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) and the Equity in Athletics dataset. Fixed effects models for NCAA Football Bowl …

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Employee Work Motivation In Japanese Fitness Clubs, Yuko Mizuuchi May 2012

Employee Work Motivation In Japanese Fitness Clubs, Yuko Mizuuchi

Student Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to identify factors that motivate fitness club employees, as well as, to investigate the relationship between 10 job-related motivational factors in Japanese fitness club employees. Participants for this study were 179 employees working in one of three fitness clubs in Japan, located in Tokyo, Osaka, or Yamaguchi. The questionnaire used was adapted from the ten job-related motivational factors developed by Kovach (1980). The results showed that "Sympathetic Help with Personal Problems" was the most important motivator, while "Good Wages" was the least important motivator. Additionally, there were statistically significant differences between the 10 job-related …

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Metta, Richard C. Crepeau May 2012

Metta, Richard C. Crepeau

On Sport and Society

Maybe I missed the memo. Perhaps I wasn’t paying close enough attention. Or somehow it wasn’t big enough news in London. Whatever the case may be, I was a startled when I read recently that someone named Metta World Peace was playing basketball in the NBA for the Los Angeles Lakers. I remember World B. Free of the NBA and He Hate Me of the XFL, but Metta World Peace was a new one.

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Marketing Pastimes: Comparing The Brand Strengths Of Real Madrid & The New York Yankees, Colin Wilson Powers May 2012

Marketing Pastimes: Comparing The Brand Strengths Of Real Madrid & The New York Yankees, Colin Wilson Powers

Renée Crown University Honors Thesis Projects - All

In March of 2012, Forbes Magazine ranked the most valuable brands in all of sports. Trailing only Manchester United’s $2.235 billion valuation, the next most valuable franchises are Spain’s Real Madrid of La Liga BBVA, and Major League Baseball’s New York Yankees. As the two of the three most dominant brands in all of sports, Real Madrid and the New York Yankees are frequently mentioned in the same context as one another, but rarely discussed through more extensive market research comparing their brand management strategies. By utilizing Kevin Keller’s acclaimed Customer-Based Brand Equity model, the relative strength of the brands …

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Head Coaching Motivation Of Millennial Generation Female Assistant Coaches, Erin Morris May 2012

Head Coaching Motivation Of Millennial Generation Female Assistant Coaches, Erin Morris

All Theses

Title IX facilitated an increase in the number of female athletes in the United States. However, the rate of female coaches of women's teams has declined since Title IX's passage in 1972, currently only 43% of women's teams are coached by women. Previous research has explored barriers to coaching for women, but limited research has looked at women's intent to coach. The purpose of this study was to examine what influences millennial generation, Division I Football Bowl Subdivision, female assistant coaches' decision to pursue careers as head coaches.
This study was grounded in feminist standpoint theory as the goal was …

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Student-Athletes & Academic Success: A Comparison Of The Graduation Rates, Gpa And After College Success Of Student-Athletes And Regular Students, Julia Forster May 2012

Student-Athletes & Academic Success: A Comparison Of The Graduation Rates, Gpa And After College Success Of Student-Athletes And Regular Students, Julia Forster

Business/Business Administration

No abstract provided.

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Corporate Sponsorship In High School Athletics, Morgan Sherman May 2012

Corporate Sponsorship In High School Athletics, Morgan Sherman

Marketing Undergraduate Honors Theses

The purpose of this research is to examine corporate sponsorship of secondary school athletics. With a decrease of funding for school districts and tightening of budgets across the country, secondary schools have utilized a new major resource of income: sponsorship. Throughout the nation high schools are funding many programs, including athletics through the use of corporate sponsorship. Though previous research has concentrated on sponsorship at either the professional or collegiate level, the focus of this research is to further explore the business model of corporate sponsorship in in interscholastic athletics from the viewpoint of the school districts, understand benefits and …

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Predicting Expenditure Patterns Based On Motivations To Travel For Active Sport Tourists, Chris Brown May 2012

Predicting Expenditure Patterns Based On Motivations To Travel For Active Sport Tourists, Chris Brown

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The present study continued the line of research into general tourism motivations and expenditures by further expanding the scope into active sport tourists traveling to participate in a specific sport. In completing this research, a broad range of travel, expenditure, and motivational factors were considered. In addition, multiple regression was utilized to answer the proposed research question in an attempt to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of active sport tourists' motivations for travel and their subsequent expenditures.

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2012 May, Office Of Communications & Marketing, Morehead State University. May 2012

2012 May, Office Of Communications & Marketing, Morehead State University.

Morehead State Press Release Archive, 1961 to the Present

Press releases for May of 2012.

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Celebrity Athlete Endorser Effectiveness: Construction And Validation Of A Scale, Theodore Byrne Peetz May 2012

Celebrity Athlete Endorser Effectiveness: Construction And Validation Of A Scale, Theodore Byrne Peetz

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The use of celebrity athletes as endorsers has become a popular marketing strategy. Celebrity athletes are often used to endorse products because it is believed they positively impact brand attitudes (Friedman & Friedman, 1979; Kamins, et. al., 1989; Till, Stanley, Priluck, 2008) and fostering brand loyalty (Bush, et. al., 2004). In addition, celebrity athletes are used to help a company differentiate their products and build instant name recognition (Henriks, 1996). This dissertation explored factors associated with celebrity endorser effectiveness. The conceptual framework for this study was grounded by the Source Credibility Model (Hovland, Janis, & Kelley, 1953; Hovland & Weiss, …

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Summitt, Richard C. Crepeau Apr 2012

Summitt, Richard C. Crepeau

On Sport and Society

From across the nation, from the world of basketball and the world of sport, the reaction to Pat Summitt relinquishing her position as head basketball coach at the University of Tennessee has been overwhelming in praise, admiration, and volume. Those who played for Summitt talked of the tremendous impact that she had on their lives, praising her as a coach and human being, often referring to her as a mother-figure. Those who knew her in other capacities talked about her strength in the face of adversity. This quality distinguished Pat Summitt throughout her career and not just in the past …

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The Look Of The Line: An Empirical Investigation Of The Impacts Of Facial Symmetry On Salary Levels Of Offensive Linemen In The Nfl, Kristen Wampole Apr 2012

The Look Of The Line: An Empirical Investigation Of The Impacts Of Facial Symmetry On Salary Levels Of Offensive Linemen In The Nfl, Kristen Wampole

Business and Economics Honors Papers

Evaluation of a professional athlete's performance for the purposes of compensation determination is difficult, especially when decision making may not follow the expected "instrumental rationality." This paper will look to examine the factors, both productive and non-productive, impacting an Offensive Lineman's salary in the NFL. The purpose of this study is to determine whether an offensive lineman's salary is based on productive characteristics adhering to instrumental rationality, or whether the influence of non-productive characteristics influence salary as ultimately determined by team management. Results indicate that players within the tackle position with earning salaries in the seventy-fifth percentile gain additional benefits …

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Maximizing Return On Investment For The University Of San Francisco Athletic Department Through Sponsorship, Carli Thomas, Rachel Sagapolu, Yi Wang, Aras Toker Apr 2012

Maximizing Return On Investment For The University Of San Francisco Athletic Department Through Sponsorship, Carli Thomas, Rachel Sagapolu, Yi Wang, Aras Toker

Creative Activity and Research Day - CARD

This research report aims to discover the most effective marketing platform to attract and retain sponsors for the University of San Francisco athletic department. Responses were measured from sponsors of the athletic department through conducting interviews. Specifically, 24 sponsors were interviewed via phone, e-mail, and in-person. Our results suggest that respondents want to see marketing platforms such as digital signage and direct marketing, rather than options such as radio. This study will assist the athletic department at the University of San Francisco to hopefully allow for more return on investment and improved sponsorship.

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Assessing Major League Soccer's Efficiency, Chris Maxwell Apr 2012

Assessing Major League Soccer's Efficiency, Chris Maxwell

Sport Management Undergraduate

Since the North American Soccer League dissolved in 1984, there was no longer a prominent professional soccer league in North America until Major League Soccer was founded in 1996. Previous research on MLS efficiency was last recorded after the 2000 season, leaving a ten-year gap. This research revisits MLS efficiency for the 2010 season through a formula based on percentages against averages of each team for all tested elements. The factors used to compute efficiency are absolute attendance, television viewership, points awarded, and total team salary. Efficiency scores are then further analyzed for anomalies. In contrast to previous research, the …

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Athlete Endorsements: Effects On College Students, Cory Mcallister Apr 2012

Athlete Endorsements: Effects On College Students, Cory Mcallister

Sport Management Undergraduate

Celebrities have been used as endorsements for years and have often been heralded as the best way for a company to sell their product through advertisements. Professional athletes are known around the globe as the most recognizable celebrities. Numerous studies have been completed in order to find the effects that athlete endorsements have on consumer spending. These studies have discovered changes in purchasing behaviors based on youth, gender, race and geographic location. Yet, there are limited sources that explain the effects on college students and their purchasing intentions. A sample of St. John Fisher College students was used to examine …

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American League East Draft Tendencies, Tim Sylvester Apr 2012

American League East Draft Tendencies, Tim Sylvester

Sport Management Undergraduate

This study examined the drafting practices of teams in the American League East Division and the business implications that correspond to these results. Each team has their own drafting strategy and by analyzing this you will gain a better understanding as to why certain decisions are made. The research explored the relationship between teams in the American League East with regards to when and how to draft players. To answer this question an analysis of each of these five team’s draft picks from 1998-2007 was completed by comparing each draftee by point of entry and round drafted in. The results …

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Female Athletes In The Media, Christopher J. Maley Apr 2012

Female Athletes In The Media, Christopher J. Maley

Sport Management Undergraduate

Within the arena of sport, there is a common belief that female athletes are inferior and incapable athletes. The media plays a role in reinforcing this stereotype. This study examines the article patterns of female athletes in Time magazine from 2007 to 2009. The study will inspect the length and content of articles in every issue distributed in this time frame to see if these athletes are given appropriate exposure. If past research indicates future findings, the sample will show that female athletes are seen less for their athletic accomplishments and more for their off-the-field endeavors. Furthermore, the athletes that …

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The Importance Of Financial Management For Professional Athletes And The Prevention Of Bankruptcy, Christopher Danowski Apr 2012

The Importance Of Financial Management For Professional Athletes And The Prevention Of Bankruptcy, Christopher Danowski

Sport Management Undergraduate

This research explores the importance of financial management and fiscal responsibility for professional athletes. Professional athletes within the four major leagues earn a salary above six-figures, yet a previous report has suggested that over 78% of professional athletes within two years of retirement experience financial distress or file bankruptcy. Professional athletes earn large amounts of money over a short career span, which averages around 5 years or less where upon retirement, it is a drastic change socially and mentally for these athletes which a lot of them are not prepared for. Agents and financial advisors believe athletes’ bankruptcies are completely …

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The Effect Alternate Player Efficiency Rating Has On Nba Franchises Regarding Winning And Individual Value To An Organization, Anthony Van Curen Apr 2012

The Effect Alternate Player Efficiency Rating Has On Nba Franchises Regarding Winning And Individual Value To An Organization, Anthony Van Curen

Sport Management Undergraduate

For NBA organizations, it can be argued that success is measured in terms of wins and championships. There are major emphases placed on the demand for “superstar” players and the ability to score. Both of which are assumed to be a player’s value to their respective organization. However, this study will attempt to show that scoring alone cannot measure success. The research uses statistics from the 2008-2011 seasons that can be used to measure success through aspects such as efficiency, productivity, value and wins a player contributes to their organization. The analysis shows there is a correlation between those factors …

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Understanding Professional Sport Organizations Use Of Facebook, Marc Mancini Apr 2012

Understanding Professional Sport Organizations Use Of Facebook, Marc Mancini

Sport Management Undergraduate

Facebook has rapidly grown since its inception in 2004. Due to this the purpose of this study is to find out what sport organizations are doing to interact with fans on their Facebook pages. Content analysis was performed to place 930 Facebook posts by sport organizations into one of four categories: interactivity, diversion, content, and promotional (Table-1). This research is important because social media is a growing industry. The study of NFL teams concluded 49% Content, 33% Interactivity, 11% Diversion, and 8% Promotional. The study of NHL teams concluded 35% Content, 17% Interactivity, 34% Diversion, and 14% Promotional.

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Fan Safety At Sports Facilities, Benjamin G. Ward Apr 2012

Fan Safety At Sports Facilities, Benjamin G. Ward

Sport Management Undergraduate

Accidents involving fans occur at sports facilities around the globe. The purpose of this research was to discover the reactions of local facility managers and their customers to fan accidents at sports venues, recommendations to address safety concerns at their sports facilities, opinions of customers expressed to their facility managers regarding possible installation of additional safety measures as related to the fan experience at sports events, and opinions of facility managers to the possible elimination of the assumption of risk or “baseball” rule. Baseball is the sport with the most reported fan accidents at their stadiums but other sports have …

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