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The Novelty And Nostalgia Effects Of A New Major League Baseball Stadium As Measured By Its Impact On Attendance, The Corresponding Costs Of Attending, And Ticket Revenue, Sam Fullerton, Carol Bruneau

Journal of Applied Marketing Theory

Using secondary data, the novelty effect of the opening of 15 new Major League Baseball stadiums was determined. Using a seven-year period looking both before and after each stadium’s inaugural season, a meaningful novelty effect was documented. There were significant increases in attendance and the average ticket price for each of the 15 teams under scrutiny. As a consequence, there was a significant increase in the revenue generated through ticket sales. While the anticipated spike was in evidence for the year a new stadium opened, meaningful increases were also documented for the years subsequent to the opening of the new …

The Marketing And Economic Implications Of Select Bankruptcies In North American Professional Sports Since The Start Of The Global Economic Crisis, Eric C. Schwarz, Patrick Ryan Murphy, Barbara Caldwell

Journal of Applied Marketing Theory

The purpose of this paper is to look at the effects of the global economic crisis on the North American professional sports industry, and more specifically some of the examples of how the significant change in the global economic landscape has had a direct effect on the sport business industry. The most interesting of these effects is the increase in the number of bankruptcies that have occurred over the past five years. An analysis of these bankruptcies in professional sports over the recent past will be described, including their causes and results. Specific analysis will focus on the marketing implications …

Passion Transfer In Sports Advertising: Sports Passion And Attitude Toward Advertising, Brandon Brown, Larry Degaris

Journal of Applied Marketing Theory

In order to retain advertising clients, media companies are in search of viable strategies that can justify the high costs of advertising fees within the sports setting. In acknowledging the significance of advertising during sport programs, the current study seeks to investigate the value of sports advertising by introducing the concept of ‘passion transfer’ (i.e., the transference of high likability levels of sport programs to the sport programs’ advertisements). We examine this concept by analyzing the relationship between viewer passion towards programming and advertising effectiveness. In doing so, the study also lends support to the notion of incorporating emotional measures …

2013-May-10-Etsu National Alumni Association Presents 2013 Alumni Awards, University Marketing And Communicatins, East Tennessee State University

ETSU News

No abstract provided.

It's A Business: A Financial Analysis Of The Bcs System And Its Alternatives, Wilson Neely

Accounting Undergraduate Honors Theses

There is an annual debate over the structure of the postseason format of college football. In this thesis, the current format is explained, along with two popular alternatives. Gameday profitability is determined for each of the three formats to provide an answer to the question of which format is the most lucrative.

Major League Soccer Case Study An Examination Into The Future Of The League, Matt Samost

Renée Crown University Honors Thesis Projects - All

Major League Soccer has grown tremendously since its inception in 1996. The league, however, still is a work in progress. The overarching question of this case study deals with an examination into the future of the league. Will it continue to be a niche sport on the American sports landscape or will it challenge the big four leagues in the years to come? Broken into five subtopics, the case study looks to address this question by examining the league through multiple lenses in order to be able to take both an in-depth and wide look at the current condition of …

Determinants Of Major League Baseball Player Salaries, Tyler Wasserman

Renée Crown University Honors Thesis Projects - All

In 2003, Michael Lewis published Moneyball: The Art of Winning an Unfair Game, which forever changed the finances and economics of baseball. It began a movement towards using advanced statistical analysis to determine the value of baseball players, in order to build a roster that will win the most games at the lowest cost. The Moneyball movement has resulted in a multitude of new statistics to try to drill a player’s value down to one number that represents his marginal revenue product, or his individual contribution to the team’s success.

Player salaries are typically the largest cost for Major …

A Leader's Impact On Sense Of Community In One Venue At The London 2012 Olympics, Laura Grouchy

All Theses

The importance of creating and maintaining sense of community in workplaces is becoming an increasingly essential facet to help restore bonds and develop support systems which can create happier and more efficient employees. The focus of this research will be on how leadership influences sense of community within one venue at the London Olympic Organizing Committee (LOCOG). This problem is of interest to scholars because Organizing Committees are rapidly growing, temporary and have symbolical strong cultures. In-depth interviews, participant observation and a big five-inventory questionnaire were administered to eight full-time employees at the same venue in London Olympic Organizing Committee. …

Fan Motivation For Attendance To Men's Division I College Soccer Matches, Stephanie Withey

All Theses

Fan attendance rates are a vital part to college athletics. With most athletic programs already losing money for universities, the recent decline in attendance rates has added further stress to budgets (Fulks, 2010). Most of the research on sports fans examines the socio-motivational and psychological motivations for attending games. Fan research has primarily focused on English soccer and American baseball, with little focus being placed on college soccer. While sports like college soccer do not generate enough revenue to sustain themselves, athletic departments still need to maintain positive attendance numbers at these events. Non-revenue sports provide free publicity and advertisement …

A Profile Of The Characteristics And Professional Development Needs Of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division Ii Athletic Directors, Dustin Smith

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The purpose for conducting the study was to identify the personal, professional, and educational backgrounds of NCAA Division II athletic directors. The study was designed to detail the professional development opportunities that existed among the population, and determine how frequently the NCAA Division II athletic directors took advantage of the opportunities that were available to them. The significance of the study rested on the ability to identify the NCAA Division II athletic director population and describe the qualities and characteristics that comprised the target population. Since little data existed detailing this population, the study provided an opportunity to describe a …

How Sports Franchises Communicate Via Social Media, Christopher Jones

HIM 1990-2015

The aim of the research is to evaluate how professional sport organizations communicate via social media and lay groundwork on how to effectively do so in the future. The research focuses on the history of social media and its involvement in sport, how it's used today, examples of effective communication and how it can eventually drive revenue for a sport franchise and build a stronger fan base at the same time.

Expectancy Theory And Major League Baseball Player Compensation, Edward Leonard

HIM 1990-2015

Major League Baseball (MLB) organizations spend millions of dollars each year on athletes with the end goal of winning a World Series title. However when an organization signs a player to a long term contract are they actually receiving the production that they paid for? Under the MLB's current form of player compensation players may not be properly motivated or at least not motivated to perform at their highest level. The intent of this thesis was to apply expectancy theory in assessing Major League Baseball's current form of player compensation. It evaluates how well players are currently motivated to perform …

Predicting Chest Press Strength From A 4rm Triceps Brachii Exercise In Trained Women, Krystina Nadia Moschella

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Determining maximal strength is important when developing a resistance exercise program for trained athletes. The most frequent strength procedure used to evaluate maximum strength is the 1RM test. However, risk of injury from a 1RM test increases for the athletes, therefore a 4RM test is used in the following study. The purpose of the study is to test whether there is a linear relationship between the bench press and the triceps rope extension exercise. A secondary purpose is the development of a prediction equation for the purpose of prescribing bench press exercise loads from triceps brachii loads using a 4RM …

Actual Vs. Perceived Value Of Players Of The National Basketball Association, Stephen Righini

Honors Projects in Mathematics

Over the past few decades the media has played an increasingly large role in shaping how player effectiveness in the National Basketball Association (NBA) is perceived. Several factors have caused fans, announcers, and even NBA team management to have unintentional bias toward certain players. This study aims to utilize various formulas created by NBA statisticians, called Player Raters, to identify how efficient each NBA player actually is in comparison to the rest of the league. Data from the past 12 seasons was compiled and six Player Raters were used to place values on every NBA player since the 2000-2001 season. …

Who Is The American League Mvp On A Per Dollar Basis?, Patrick Decker

Honors Projects in Mathematics

This study will look at the value of MLB players in the American League on a per dollar basis. It will be based on the 2011 statistics and will use a linear regression model to create a value for each player. The value will be based on a variety of statistics based upon position. For all players: age, team wins, and years in the league will be accounted for. For field players: games played, hits, runs, doubles, triples, home runs, runs batted in, walks, strike outs, stolen bases, on base percentage, slugging percentage, fielding percentage and errors will be accounted …

Does Specialization Matter? An Investigation Of Female Di And Diii Soccer Players And The Pathways That Led Them To The Collegiate Level, Anne Gavett, Jase Miller, Cuyla Coogan, Kelly Burnett

Creative Activity and Research Day - CARD

This paper investigates whether current female collegiate soccer players decided to diversify or specialize in high school, while noting the key influential factors that impacted their decision making process. During the 2012-2013 season, a survey was completed by 114 female collegiate (DI and DIII) soccer players. The findings indicated that there is no difference between female athletes who specialized or diversified in high school in regards to playing at the collegiate level. The results from this study attempt to further clarify previous research that examines if specialization or diversification in high school is necessary to reach the collegiate level.

Social Media’S Correlation To Fan Behavior, Aj Van Scott

Sport Management Undergraduate

Social media and fan behavior are two very interesting topics. More and more people are learning more about social media everyday and it is here to stay, it is not a fad, and people expect organization to be posting about games or events so that they can find out the information on social media. It is important for organizations to be on Twitter or Facebook because it is important to integrate into people’s lives. Fan behavior research proves that environmental factors are one of the biggest deterrents for fans when it comes to trying to attend games and that record …

How Are Student Athletes Perceiving Female Coaches, Avery Light

Sport Management Undergraduate

This study was designed to assess the perceptions that student athletes have of female coaches and relate these perceptions to the establish factors within the literature review. Research has suggested possible explanations for the decline of females coaching female sports, however, the focus has not been on the extreme low number of women coaching male sports. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to gain an understanding as to why females are not coaching male sports. A cross sectional survey will be designed and sent out to Male and female student athletes within the NCAA Division III Empire 8 conference. …

Recruiting: An Undervalued Asset?, Brandon G. Harrison

Sport Management Undergraduate

NCAA Division I basketball has grown to be an enourmously lucrative business venture in recent years. However, in order to capitalize on the revenues that can be generated by NCAA Division I basketball schools need to be successful. Therefore, it is important to address what can lead to success. Previously, it was thought that coaching status and skill were the key factors leading to success. However, research has been done to discover the relationship between recruiting and success in Division I Football, but very little research has been done on Division I Basketball. The purpose of this study is to …

Nba Star Power: Impact On Attendance, Cory Metcalfe

Sport Management Undergraduate

In lieu of an abstract, here is the paper's first paragraph: One challenge many team’s in many different leagues face is the ability to recognize fan motives and fan attendance to their team’s games (Ouray 2006). Team owners struggle every year to find the best balance between winning games, winning championships, training players and hiring coach’s all on the base of making money. Teams in the National Basketball Association (NBA) earn money through T.V contracts, licensed goods, and Ticket sales. Many different owners in different leagues have their own approaches and goals when the thought of raising attendance at games …

Division Iii Student-Athletes Perceptions Of Pay For Play, Daniel P. Maloney

Sport Management Undergraduate

Since the NCAA was first created, the subject of academic corruption in intercollegiate athletics has been of significant concern and empirical inquiry (Ridpath, 2008). There are many current issues that are still ongoing today such as: the denial of payment of Division I football players, the exploitation of student-athletes in academics, and the difference in treatment between student-athletes and students academically. Although this may not always hold true at all Division I schools, previous studies have concluded the values and missions of the NCAA seem to be misaligned with what they are actually promoting. I would like to prove that …

Media’S Representation Of Player Performance, Dj Sanzotta

Sport Management Undergraduate

A player’s statistical performance during a given week of an NFL season is something that influences the way the media views them. Statistical performances are often a great barometer of how talented a player is. The quarterback position in the NFL is often one that the media puts under a microscope. Players are constantly praised or criticized for their ability to lead their respective teams as well as their ability to fill up a stat line. During the 2012 NFL season there were many quarterbacks that the media tended to focus on. Drew Brees, Cam Newton, Russell Wilson, Tony Romo …

Fan Avidity As It Relates To Proximity Of Minor And Major League Affiliates, Joseph Tyson

Sport Management Undergraduate

When sports organizations are affiliating themselves with minor league teams, there can be many factors that go into the decision of what teams to align themselves with. Management should pay particular attention to the aspects of fan motivation, identification, behavior and avidity of the minor league team fans when making these decisions. By associating themselves with teams within close proximity, they could maximize the positive outcome created by that affiliation. Little research has been done however on the relationship between fans of minor league and major league teams within close proximity of each other. This paper is meant to examine …

Season Seat Holder Retention In Minor League Baseball, Matt Butler

Sport Management Undergraduate

In lieu of an abstract, here is the paper's first paragraph: In minor league (AAA) baseball the amount of season tickets sold for the season can account for at least fifteen percent of total paid attendance for the. With this in mind a sport manager may wonder what brings season ticket buyers back season after season, and what can be done to measure this occurrence. An added question for front office staff members is, do these reasons coincide with a team’s marketing strategy to maximize the amount of fans who buy season tickets? To analyze this occurrence I looked into …

Impact Of Fantasy Sports On Participants’ Interest In Real-League Occurrences, Michael Carroll

Sport Management Undergraduate

Fantasy sports have developed into their own significant section of the sport industry, accounting for $4 billion and having over 32 million participants in the United States and Canada (FSTA, 2012). Academic research into fantasy sports is a fairly new, and much of it has focused on motivation behind fantasy gaming, while any consumer behavior research has been focused on media consumption and team identification. This research is for determining what the relationship between fantasy sport participation and consumption of information about league current events, such as rule changes, labor issues, and team rebranding, is. The participants in this research …

What Influences Student Athletes To Choose Division Iii Schools?, Patrick Stellman

Sport Management Undergraduate

Student-Athletes today are faced with many difficult decisions in their young lives, one of them being what college they want to attend. Those student athletes that don’t have the luxury of being recruited to Division I or II schools must decide what they value most in a school and how the school they choose will impact their future. The student athletes at St. John Fisher College are no exception. Student-athletes at St. John Fisher will be to complete a survey looking at the factors and influences that lead them to their decision.

Do Sufficient Recreational Programs For Disabled Children Exist In Monroe And Ontario Counties?, Lauren A. Bauerlein

Sport Management Undergraduate

We live in a country where people, including the handicapped are guaranteed many rights and freedoms. The Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) ensures that equal opportunities are provided to people with disabilities. There is a large percentage of children in the United States with disabilities. These mental or physical disabilities impair their major life activities. Research shows that both formal and informal activities have proven to be beneficial to children with disabilities. The purpose of Parks and Recreation Departments is to provide physical and non-physical activities to people in the community. A survey of Directors of Parks and Recreation departments …

Why Do Fans Use Coping Mechanisms And What Can The Nhl Do To Keep Fans Interested?, Joseph E. Radulski

Sport Management Undergraduate

There have been many lockouts in professional sports over the last decade (Drewes, 2005). The NHL has had four lockouts in the last twenty years (Fitzpatrick, n.d.). In the past research has shown during a lockout fans will find ways to cope with the loss of a season (Grieve, Shoenfelt, Wann & Zapalac, 2009; Winfree & Fort, 2008). After the lockout in 2004-2005 the NHL used marketing strategies to attract new fans to the sport (Gee, 2009; Batchelor & Formentin, 2008).

There has been no previous research on why fans choose the coping mechanisms they use. There has also been …

Increasing Concession Revenue Through Mobile Devices: Ralph Wilson Stadium Offering In-Seat Food Service, Ryan Sweet

Sport Management Undergraduate

Mobile in-seat ordering has begun to surface being tested around the nation at various venues to fulfill customer’s fascination with technology and to better satisfy their customers. It has been found consumers are concerned with wait-lines and quality of service which can negatively impact their purchase behavior (Muret, 2008b). Concession sales are a main revenue source for franchise owners who are experiencing more need for increased revenue (Levine, 2007).

Delaware North SportService, an industry leader in sport food service are the food and beverage provider for Ralph Wilson Stadium. Mobile in-seat ordering has not been used at this facility and …

How Do Factors Preventing The Career Advancement Of Women Relate To The Career Advancement Of Women In Ncaa Division Iii Top-Level Athletic Administration?, Michelle Montgomery

Sport Management Undergraduate

The underrepresentation of females is not exclusive to only one part of business, but rather, this idea has been seen throughout athletic administration for many years (Acosta & Carpenter 1998, 2004). To illustrate and attempt to explain women in business, previous research has explored the discipline of the vast psychological barriers and the stereotypes that have been prevalent in society. In addition, past research has been focused within Division I colleges under the NCAA. In this study, I will attempt to synthesize my participant’s responses in order to hone in on the athletic administration aspect of business and attempt to …