Digital Commons Network^™

Ua80/1 Meeting Agenda, W Club

University Organizations

Meeting agenda for the February 2019 meeting of the W Club Board of Directors.

An Exploratory Study Investigating The Effect Of The Nfl Player Anthem Protest On College Student Nfl Viewership, George W. Stone Dr.

Atlantic Marketing Association Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Intercollegiate Athletics’ Marketing Techniques To Attract Football & Men’S Basketball Fans, Chris Croft

Atlantic Marketing Association Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Controversial And Global Issues Fantasy Sports' Outcomes, Amber A. Smith-Ditizio, Alan D. Smith, Walter Kendall

Atlantic Marketing Association Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Moving Toward Marketing Oriented Soccer Referee Association Management: Factors Influencing Ussf Referees’ Intentions To Maintain Or Abandon Certification, Charles Roome

Atlantic Marketing Association Proceedings

No abstract provided.

International Olympic Committee -- Rule 40: Who Does It Protect Versus Who Should It Protect?, Jeri L. Jones

Atlantic Marketing Association Proceedings

No abstract provided.

An Investigation Of Youth Swimming Skills And Method Of Instruction, Carol C. Irwin, Jennifer R. Pharr, Todd E. Layne, Richard L. Irwin

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

Drowning is a leading cause of death for US children. Teaching youth to swim in a formal setting from certified instructors is a consistent drowning prevention recommendation. Purposes for this investigation was to examine type of swimming instruction and ability to swim and compare to attitudes toward swimming among US youth. Methods were similar to previous USA Swimming studies in 2008 and 2010. YMCA associations in five cities were used to recruit adolescent survey respondents (n=600) aged 12-18 years. Results showed African American youth had the lowest rate of formal swimming instruction (29%) compared to White (32%) and Hispanic (42%) …

Sport Management Clubs And Their Relationship To Sport Management Student Success, Keith Christy, Erica J. Zonder, Emily J. Houghton, Brenda A. Riemer

Human Performance Department Publications

Participation in student-led sport management clubs can be beneficial for college students who are pursing sport management careers. These clubs can help give students the development and networking tools needed for success in the sport industry.

The purpose of this presentation is to discuss the role and benefits of sport management clubs at three universities across three NCAA divisions, with a focus on networking, fundraising, event planning, and professional development.

Our discussion will also include specific events that our students have completed as well as how the clubs provide students with opportunities to develop the skills and abilities to succeed …

Association Between Perceived Physical Activity And Cognitive Function In Older Adults, Paul D. Loprinzi, Emily Frith

Faculty and Student Publications

© The Author(s) 2018. There is irrefutable evidence that regular participation in physical activity is favorably associated with numerous positive health outcomes, including cognitive function. Emerging work suggests that perceived physical activity, independent of actual physical activity behavior, is inversely associated with mortality risk. In this study, we evaluate whether perceived physical activity, independent of actual physical activity, is associated with cognitive function, a robust indicator of mortality risk. Data from the cross-sectional 1999–2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were employed (N = 2352; 60+ years of age). Actual physical activity was assessed via a validated survey. Perceived physical …

Ua80/1 Meeting Minutes, W Club

University Organizations

Meeting minutes for the January 2019 meeting of the W Club Board of Directors.

Ua80/1 Meeting Agenda, W Club

University Organizations

Meeting agenda for the January 2019 meeting of the W Club Board of Directors.

Confederation Of African Football, Michael Goldman, Mlondi Mashinini

Sport Management

Representatives of Egypt, Ethiopia, Sudan, and South Africa officially established the Confederation of African Football (CAF, or the Confederation Africaine de Football) on February 8, 1957, in Khartoum, Sudan. During the subsequent 60-year development of Africa’s administrative and controlling body, CAF grew into the biggest of the six continental federations of FIFA. By 2018, CAF counted 56 associations as full or associate members, representing over 25% of FIFA’s 211 associations, although no African team had reached the semi-final stage of the men’s FIFA World Cup as yet.

This chapter documents the business and management research related to CAF, thereby providing …

Pandora's Box Enters The Batter's Box: How The Tax Cuts And Jobs Act's Unintended Consequence Places Mlb, And All North American Leagues, In Tax Chaos, Kari Smoker, Alan Pogroszewski, Kyle Stitch, Kevin Arnold

Sport Management Faculty/Staff Publications

In lieu of an abstract, here is the article's first paragraph:

In the most recent collective bargaining agreement between Major League Baseball (“MLB”) and the Major League Baseball Players Association (“MLBPA”), the word “tax” appears 114 times. Some of these references pertain to MLB’s competitive balance tax.¹ First implemented in 2003 in lieu of a salary cap, the competitive balance tax is a three-tiered penalty assessed annually on teams with payroll exceeding a specified amount, or the “base tax threshold.” ² The assessment increases for each consecutive year the team exceeds the threshold, up to a maximum penalty of …

The Value Of Sports Teams: The Influence Of Coaches, Fans, And Players On Value, Montgomery Gray

Writing Across the Curriculum

In this paper, I argue that the true value of a team comes from the coaches, fans, and players. These are the people who influence the monetary and competitional success of a team, so are the ones who affect the value the most. Growing up, I have always been a part of a sports team and have cheered for multiple professional teams across numerous sports, but I have always questioned how a team should be valued. I have also always been in business, so I believed that the monetary value was a good source but have found that it goes …

The Uniqueness Of Spectator Sport From A Strategic Management Perspective: The Case For Spectatoritis, Nola Agha, Jess C. Dixon

Sport Management

This conceptual paper uses a strategic management approach to assess the unique structure of the business of spectator sport. We argue there is a lack of business competition because franchises are simultaneous co-producers, collaborators, buyers, and suppliers. Consequently, mainstream strategic management frameworks that rely on competitive environments are ill-equipped to evaluate the nuances of spectator sport. In response to these observations, we develop multiple new and modified frameworks, including a spectator sport supply chain that inextricably links the participatory and spectator sport segments. Through this hierarchy of training, participants evolve from paid customers to inputs to production. Spectator sport and …

Economic Impact Of Minor Sporting Events And Minor League Teams, Nola Agha, Marijke Taks

Sport Management

Inquiry on minor sports has been overlooked in the economic literature despite a long history suggesting that minor events are likely more beneficial than major sports (e.g. Coates, 2012; Daniels & Norman, 2003; Marsh, 1984; Matheson, 2006; Walo, Bull, & Breen, 1996; Taks, 2013). In part due to both increased data availability and a shift towards cost-benefit analysis approaches, recent efforts to develop theory specific to minor events (e.g. Agha & Rascher, 2016; Agha & Taks, 2015) and to conduct studies on minor events (Taks et al., 2011) and teams (Agha, 2013) using more robust approaches occur in the literature. …

Acute Exercise And Mindfulness Meditation On Learning And Memory: Randomized Controlled Intervention, Malina Austin, Paul D. Loprinzi

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2019 The Author(s). Background: The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the potential combined effects of acute exercise and mindfulness mediation on episodic memory. Methods: All data collection occurred in the authors’ laboratory (January to May of 2019). In this three-arm, within-subject design, participants (N=20; Mage=21.6 years) completed three counterbalanced laboratory visits, including Exercise Only, Exercise + Meditation and Control. Learning and memory were assessed from a word-list task. A one-factor repeated-measures ANOVA was computed for two memory outcomes, including the learning outcome (average performance across the 6 trials) and the long-term memory recall (10-minute delay). Results: The …

Ua19/16/1/5 Lady Topper Golf 2018-19 Season Statistics, Wku Athletic Media Relations

WKU Administration Documents

Statistical analysis of the 2018-19 women's golf team season.

The Impact Of Participation In Athletics On Neurological And Psychological Health And The Ability To Compete, Sean Burke

Writing Across the Curriculum

Through the analysis of data pooled from multiple studies, we identify the relationship between participation in athletics and the likelihood of developing a mental illness or brain injury and how this may impact the longevity of an athlete’s career. Using data from various studies, we find that the prolonged exposure to athletics results in a higher likelihood of developing a psychological or neurological illness both in the short and long term. Additionally, we find that this is often the result of accumulated injuries, both neurological, such as concussions, and physiological, such as tearing muscles or breaking bones. The results, however, …

Tolle Lege Works Published In 2019, Mcquade Library

Bibliographies

Compiled Tolle Lege bibliography of works published by members of the Merrimack College Community in 2019. Works include journal articles, books, book chapters, conference presentations and posters, and more.

Ua19/16/1/5 Hilltopper Golf 2018-19 Season Statistics, Wku Athletic Media Relations

WKU Administration Documents

Statistical analysis of the 2018-19 men's golf team season.

Ua19/16/1/1 100 Seasons Of History, 2019 Wku Baseball Media Guide, Wku Athletic Media Relations

WKU Administration Documents

2019 baseball media guide produced by WKU Athletic Media Relations, includes athletic records and statistics, photographs, schedule and information regarding opponents.

Ua19/16/1 Hilltopper Basketball 2019-20, Wku Athletic Media Relations

WKU Administration Documents

2019-20 men's basketball media guide produced by WKU Athletic Media Relations, includes athletic records and statistics, photographs, schedule and information regarding opponents.

Israel’S Strategic And Tactical Use Of The 2017 Maccabiah Games For Nation Branding And Public Diplomacy, Yoav Dubinsky, Lars Dzikus

Journal of Applied Sport Management

The Maccabiah Games, also known as “The Jewish Olympics,” are a quadrennial international multisport event that takes place in Israel and is deeply rooted in the Zionist movement. The purpose of this study is to analyze strategies and tactics Israel used in the 2017 Maccabiah Games for nation branding and public diplomacy. Based on ethnographic field research during the Maccabiah Games in July 2017, the authors identified nine different tactics used by the Maccabiah organizations that correlate the strategic goals of the State of Israel. Results have theoretical and practical implications of how countries can use sports events for nation …

College Football Revival: Analyzing The Impact Of Marketing Efforts On Key Stakeholders At A Division I Fcs Commuter School, Lucas A. Christiansen, Amanda Greene, Charles W. Jones

Journal of Applied Sport Management

The current study examined the impact of a recently restarted football program and a new on-campus stadium on the alumni and students of a Division I FCS commuter school. Results showed that alumni felt more connected to the university because of the new football program, they were more satisfied with their overall game-day experience, and the new football stadium was more likely to increase their game attendance when compared to students. Supplementary analysis highlights key differences in how each group rated individual elements of the game-day experience and the mediums used by each group for obtaining team-related information. Subscribe to …

The Retention Of Adult Sport Participants: The Challenge Of Player Ratings, Edward Horne, Matthew Brown

Journal of Applied Sport Management

The current study investigates the retention of competitive tennis players in the United States Tennis Association’s (USTA’s) adult league system to answer the following questions: What factors do participants identify as impactful to their participation in adult league tennis? How do participants believe these factors impact their retention? Results suggest participants believe the current system fails to incentivize development as competitors fail to transition successfully to a higher rating and struggle socializing into a new team. Competitors therefore seek to cheat the system. The current study illustrates the importance for league policymakers to consider unintended consequences and provides recommendations. Subscribe …

Athletic Administrators Report Of Emergency Action Plan Adoption In Secondary School Athletics: The Influence Of Athletic Training Services, Samantha E. Scarneo-Miller, Lindsay J. Distefano, Johna K. Register-Mihalik, Rebecca L. Stearns, Craig R. Denegar, Douglas J. Casa

Journal of Applied Sport Management

This study describes the emergency action plan (EAP) adoption in secondary school athletics reported by athletic administrators in the United States. Utilizing best-practice criteria, a questionnaire assessed athletic administrators’ knowledge and adoption of an EAP in their athletics program. A majority of athletic administrators reported having an EAP; however, the EAP often lacked the necessary components to be compliant with best-practice guidelines. Further, access to an athletic trainer was associated with increased EAP adoption and adopting a venue specific EAP. Athletic administrators should utilize these data to facilitate improved policy adoption and management of athletics programs.

Supporter Ownership As Entrepreneurship In American Soccer, Zachary T. Smith, R. Ethan Smith

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Entrepreneurship has been touted as a crucial lens for the future of sports management scholarship (Hardy, 1996; Ratten, 2011). Ratten (2011a) specifically proposed sport entrepreneurship “as a category of entrepreneurship that fosters economic development in the sports management field” (p. 60). Yet, to date, no scholarly literature has applied the sports-entrepreneurship lens to local football (soccer) clubs in the United States. Thus, the purpose of this article is to use the lens of sport entrepreneurship to introduce the phenomenon of supporter owned football clubs in the United States (U.S.). Through the course of this article, sport entrepreneurship will be used …

Sport Momsumers: A Modern Reexamination Of The Role That Mothers Play In Their Families’ Professional Sport Consumption, Jessica R. Braunstein-Minkove, Jennifer L. Metz

Journal of Applied Sport Management

As the role of women and, therefore, mothers has changed, so too, has their place in their families’ professional sport consumption experience. This qualitative assessment, including a demographic and consumption snapshot, provides insight into the perspective of mothers in their families’ professional sport consumption habits and intentions. Primary findings fall under the themes of Personal Priorities and Constraints. While Constraints drove the conversation, this group of women was interested in maintaining and sharing the role of sport in their lives. As such, minimal- investment recommendations are made to address the concerns that mothers have with many of these items. Subscribe …

A Descriptive Analysis Of Corporate Environmental Responsibility In Major League Professional Sport, Martin Barrett, Kyle S. Bunds, Jonathan M. Casper, Michael B. Edwards

Journal of Applied Sport Management

This article explores corporate environmentalism across North American major league professional sport through a webpage content analysis of disclosed business practices and programs. The results of the content analysis reify previous academic work, which suggests corporate environmental responsibility in professional sport is varied. Yet, the results also point to an increasingly standardized approach to integrated/operational business practices focusing on materials and resources, and energy and atmosphere, as well as campaign-based programs focusing on corporate social marketing. The findings identify an opportunity for professional team sport organizations to innovate new cause-related marketing and cause promotion programs, and point to a key …