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Confluence, Vol. 4, Iss. 2, Full Issue Jan 2026

Confluence, Vol. 4, Iss. 2, Full Issue

The Confluence

No abstract provided.


Usaid Grant Recipient Data Fy2002-2025, Susan Turner Haynes Jan 2026

Usaid Grant Recipient Data Fy2002-2025, Susan Turner Haynes

Faculty Works

Grant recipient data from USAID from fiscal years 2002-2025.


High School Dropout Rates Among Latin Students In The United States, Taryn T. Marriott Jan 2026

High School Dropout Rates Among Latin Students In The United States, Taryn T. Marriott

Student Works

An ongoing concern of educators and community members is the disproportionately high amounts of Latinx students dropping out of high school in the United States. Although there has been notable research done and action taken, the problem still remains. Lack of familial support, discrimination, and residence in low-income areas all contribute to the low retention rates of Latinx youth on track to graduate high school. As a result, youth who do not complete their education and set their sights on career goals have a harder time with employment, communicating in their society, and tend to show higher levels of engagement …


Financial Ratios And Stock Volatility: Empirical Evidence From The Banking Sector, Rahma Tri Benita Jan 2026

Financial Ratios And Stock Volatility: Empirical Evidence From The Banking Sector, Rahma Tri Benita

Journal of Accounting Auditing and Business

Banking stock price volatility is closely related to company performance and fundamental indicators. This study analyzes the short-term and long-term relationships between financial ratios and stock price volatility in the banking sector. Based on the results of the long-term correlation, the Price to Earnings Ratio (P/E) and Dividend Yield (DY) variables are proven to be dominant factors influencing volatility because they are directly related to stock price movements. In the short-term correlation between state-owned banks, there is an inverse relationship between Price to Book and ROE, and Debt to Equity has a significant negative effect on Return on Assets and …


A Case Study Of Faculty Composition And Workload In Sport Management Programs At Small-To-Medium-Sized Colleges And Universities, Joshua Greer, Nicholas Zoroya, Aimee T. Vlachos, Alan Ledford Jan 2026

A Case Study Of Faculty Composition And Workload In Sport Management Programs At Small-To-Medium-Sized Colleges And Universities, Joshua Greer, Nicholas Zoroya, Aimee T. Vlachos, Alan Ledford

The COSMA Journal

Sport management has transitioned from its origins in physical education to an established, business-oriented academic discipline, prompting new questions about how faculty composition and workload shape program delivery in resource-constrained contexts. This case study investigates faculty structures, instructional variety, and workload in sport management programs at small- to medium-sized U.S. colleges and universities, as defined by the Carnegie Size & Setting Classification. A mixed-methods survey of faculty (n = 61) was analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis. Quantitative results indicated that core courses are primarily taught by full-time faculty, with most programs relying on one to three full-time …


Oer Review For Business & Society – Ai Generated Oer Supplements And Open Pedagogy Assignment: Undergraduate Perspectives On Responsible Business, Cynthia E. Clark Ph.D Jan 2026

Oer Review For Business & Society – Ai Generated Oer Supplements And Open Pedagogy Assignment: Undergraduate Perspectives On Responsible Business, Cynthia E. Clark Ph.D

Open Educational Resources Publications

This review examines the integration of open educational resources and open pedagogy in Business & Society (MG 313), where students engaged in both AI‑supported research and authorship to create the open textbook Undergraduate Perspectives on Responsible Business. The project combined open access materials, AI‑generated readable adaptations of scholarly articles, and a redesigned Position Paper assignment that invited students to contribute their work to a public Pressbooks publication. These activities strengthened student engagement, improved comprehension of responsible business perspectives, and expanded access to course materials. The iterative use of OER, alongside guest instruction and library support, fostered deeper student ownership …


Analysis Of The Determinants Of Cash Holdings And The Implications For Local Government Spending Effectiveness In West Java, Ismail Marzuki Randos, Nia Suciyati Jan 2026

Analysis Of The Determinants Of Cash Holdings And The Implications For Local Government Spending Effectiveness In West Java, Ismail Marzuki Randos, Nia Suciyati

Journal of Accounting Auditing and Business

Cash management is fundamental to sustaining uninterrupted local service delivery and supporting credible budget execution. In West Java, municipal cash holdings exhibited fluctuations over 2019–2023, with only a limited number of districts/cities consistently maintaining cash holdings ratios above the operational sufficiency threshold. This study examines (i) the determinants of cash holdings Capacity and (ii) the relationship between cash holdings and expenditure effectiveness. Cash Holdings Capacity is classified as sufficient when the cash holdings ratio exceeds 100%, whereas Expenditure Effectiveness is classified as effective when the effectiveness ratio exceeds 90%. The quantitative analysis applies binary logistic regression to 27 districts/cities in …


Women In The Workplace In 2025: Utahns' Awareness, Understanding, And Attitudes, Susan R. Madsen, April Townsend Jan 2026

Women In The Workplace In 2025: Utahns' Awareness, Understanding, And Attitudes, Susan R. Madsen, April Townsend

Marketing and Strategy Faculty Publications

During the fall of 2023, Utah Women & Leadership Project (UWLP) researchers conducted a statewide study to establish a baseline for public perceptions related to the awareness, understanding, and attitudes about challenges that Utah women and girls face. In early 2024, we published 20 short research summaries1 that shared the results of this comprehensive study (see Nos. 9–28). Next, in the fall of 2024, we administered this survey, with slight changes, around the state of Utah for the second time. Six comprehensive research white papers were then published on the results (see Nos. 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, and …


Amazigh Identity: From Discrimination To Reconciliation—A Struggle For Recognition, Khalid Ouassou Jan 2026

Amazigh Identity: From Discrimination To Reconciliation—A Struggle For Recognition, Khalid Ouassou

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This paper analyzes the conditions that fostered the emergence of a renewed identity perspective grounded in Amazigh linguistic and cultural rights. It traces the trajectory from denial to recognition after decades of advocacy, across institutional, political, public‑policy, and legal arenas. The article also argues that further guarantees and implementation measures remain necessary to secure the effective enjoyment of Morocco’s linguistic and cultural pluralism and to consolidate a durable process of reconciliation and recognition.


Linguistic Inequalities And Social Mobility In Morocco, Ismahane El Kallal Jan 2026

Linguistic Inequalities And Social Mobility In Morocco, Ismahane El Kallal

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

Morocco’s plurilingual context assigns unequal status and functions to languages and varieties, turning linguistic resources into potential instruments of domination and discrimination. This article examines how linguistic inequalities affect social mobility by shaping access to educational credentials, socially valued occupations, and opportunities for social advancement. Drawing on an empirical study, it shows how unequal linguistic capital influences communication, self‑confidence, and social positioning, and how these inequalities are reproduced through institutions and everyday interactions.


Non-Muslims In Morocco Between Discrimination And Stigmatization: The Case Of Christians And Bahá’Ís, Mohammed Akdid Jan 2026

Non-Muslims In Morocco Between Discrimination And Stigmatization: The Case Of Christians And Bahá’Ís, Mohammed Akdid

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This paper explores the limits of freedom of religion in Morocco and the restrictions experienced by non‑Muslims, particularly Moroccans who convert to other faiths. It draws on an empirical study with a sample of university students and complements the findings with testimonies from members of two non‑Muslim communities—Christians and Bahá’ís. The article analyzes social representations, attitudes, and lived experiences within Morocco’s social, political, and religious environment, highlighting mechanisms of stigmatization, constraints on public expression of belief, and the challenges of integration.


Scientific Output Of University Faculty: Causes Of Gender Inequality In The Academic Sphere, Sanaa Doukkali Jan 2026

Scientific Output Of University Faculty: Causes Of Gender Inequality In The Academic Sphere, Sanaa Doukkali

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This study investigates individual and institutional factors associated with scientific output among Moroccan university faculty in the humanities and social sciences, with particular attention to gender differences. Scientific output is measured through a composite score of publications over the past ten years. Based on a sample of 341 academics (105 women and 236 men), results show generally low productivity and a lower level among women. For women, output is mainly linked to rank, involvement in editorial/review activities, and external solicitations, while time‑consuming family responsibilities constrain research time. Institutional variables (teaching load, promotion, support, governance) explain little of the variation, suggesting …


Fiscal Injustice, Wiam Aboulhouda Jan 2026

Fiscal Injustice, Wiam Aboulhouda

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

Fiscal questions have become increasingly central to public debate and are closely linked to widening inequalities. This article examines fiscal injustice in the context of globalization, intensified international tax competition, and the shifting of tax burdens toward less mobile bases. It discusses how the tax–public good relationship is framed and how heavy taxation may be perceived as unfair, producing economic, social, and psychological consequences such as tax incivility and resistance. Focusing on Morocco, the article questions which tax structures are perceived as fairest and how redistribution is experienced and evaluated by citizens.


Representations And Perceptions Of Inequality Between Resignation And Protest: A Sociological Approach, Toufik Rahmouni Jan 2026

Representations And Perceptions Of Inequality Between Resignation And Protest: A Sociological Approach, Toufik Rahmouni

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article examines social inequalities through lived experience and everyday perceptions. Moroccan society produces multiple forms of inequality embedded in social order, socialization processes, and internalized value systems. Using an empirical survey, the study identifies how respondents describe and classify inequalities and how these perceptions relate to feelings of injustice and relative frustration. It also explores the main attitudes adopted in the face of inequality and discrimination—ranging from resignation and moral/religious endurance to forms of dissent and protest. The analysis suggests that perceived inequality does not automatically translate into open protest; many actors rely on pragmatic cost–benefit reasoning and develop …


Book Review: Leadersick: Becoming A Healthy Leader, Rick Keaster Jan 2026

Book Review: Leadersick: Becoming A Healthy Leader, Rick Keaster

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

No abstract provided.


Book Review: Quit: The Power Of Knowing When To Walk Away, Cam Caldwell Jan 2026

Book Review: Quit: The Power Of Knowing When To Walk Away, Cam Caldwell

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

No abstract provided.


Book Review: Lessons From History: The Courage To Lead: The Leadership Legacy Of Theodore Roosevelt And Why It Matters Today, Elizabeth Gingerich Jan 2026

Book Review: Lessons From History: The Courage To Lead: The Leadership Legacy Of Theodore Roosevelt And Why It Matters Today, Elizabeth Gingerich

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

No abstract provided.


Business And Baseball Go Hand-In-Glove, Ritch Eich Jan 2026

Business And Baseball Go Hand-In-Glove, Ritch Eich

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

There are many parallels between baseball and the business world. From experience, we know that both institutions are particularly competitive and require highly skilled personnel, inspiring leaders, cohesive teamwork, and the ability to sustain success over time. But that is only part of their similarities.


The Enduring Courage And Vision Of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Emilio F. Iodice Jan 2026

The Enduring Courage And Vision Of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Emilio F. Iodice

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) led during the most turbulent period in modern American history, facing not one but two existential crises: the Great Depression and World War II. His thirteen-year presidency was a lesson in courage, vision, and leadership, showing that true liberty relies as much on economic security and social justice at home as it does on military victory abroad. Today, as freedom faces both subtle and overt threats worldwide, Roosevelt’s example continues to serve as a vital blueprint for strong democratic governance.


The Power Of Choice: Transformative Moments In The Lives Of Biblical Heroes, Hershey H. Friedman, Linda Weiser Friedman Jan 2026

The Power Of Choice: Transformative Moments In The Lives Of Biblical Heroes, Hershey H. Friedman, Linda Weiser Friedman

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

This paper examines pivotal moments in the lives of key biblical figures and explores how these choices shaped both personal destinies and spiritual legacies. Biblical narratives depicting the lives of Adam, Noah, Joseph, Judah, Moses, Ruth, Boaz, David, Solomon, Zerubbabel, Esther, Mordechai, and Samson illustrate that these transcendent moments involve significant moral choices. We see that even revered figures can experience moral failings, and that some individuals can achieve greatness through singular acts of moral courage. These momentous decisions – whether acts of bravery, failures of judgment, vengeance versus reconciliation, worldly power versus spiritual calling, or moments of redemption—reveal profound …


Toward A Contemporary Understanding Of Global Leadership: Relevance Of Diverse Voices, International Collaboration, And New Perspectives, Joseph M. Cervantes, Viet A. Ho, Vui T. Nguyen, Tram N. Le, Minh N.P. Vo Jan 2026

Toward A Contemporary Understanding Of Global Leadership: Relevance Of Diverse Voices, International Collaboration, And New Perspectives, Joseph M. Cervantes, Viet A. Ho, Vui T. Nguyen, Tram N. Le, Minh N.P. Vo

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

This paper introduces Integral Global Attunement (IGA) as a transformative paradigm in global leadership, emerging in response to the unprecedented shifts catalyzed by theCOVID-19 pandemic. Rooted in the fusion of psychological insight, intercultural consciousness, and ethical stewardship, IGA proposes a fifth wave of leadership—one that transcends transactional strategies to embrace identity, ethics, and relational interconnectedness as central pillars of influence. The writing argues that the current global crises reflect not merely external disruption but an inner dissonance within humanity, calling for a deeper, multi-aware model of leadership. Through the triadic lens of identity (e.g., multicultural integration, visionary consciousness), ethics (e.g., …


The Receptive And Resilient Leader: Thriving In An Era Of Ai And Digital Disruption, Hershey H. Friedman, Nakato Hirakubo, Barbara Jo Lewis Jan 2026

The Receptive And Resilient Leader: Thriving In An Era Of Ai And Digital Disruption, Hershey H. Friedman, Nakato Hirakubo, Barbara Jo Lewis

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

In an Age of Chaos, a term often used to describe the digital AI age, with its explosive growth of information and disruptive technology, businesses face unprecedented turbulence. This paper examines the essential leadership qualities required for success in this environment, arguing that traditional leadership, as seen in the decline of Kodak, Sears, and Blockbuster, struggles to adapt to rapid technological and market shifts. We identify several key competencies for leaders in the digital age: fostering agility, championing an ethical culture, pursuing purpose-driven goals, maintaining technological competency, and genuinely understanding diversity. Perhaps most crucial is receptive leadership, which embodies humility, …


The Effect Of Servant Leadership And Psychological Safety On Employee Commitment And Workplace Engagement, Pierce J. Ippolito, Joshua S. Kay, Kevin J. Hurt Jan 2026

The Effect Of Servant Leadership And Psychological Safety On Employee Commitment And Workplace Engagement, Pierce J. Ippolito, Joshua S. Kay, Kevin J. Hurt

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

This paper presents a conceptual model of servant leadership, psychological safety, work engagement, and individual commitment. Psychological safety is positioned as a causal factor that provides answers addressing why servant leaders have positive effects on individual commitment and work engagement. The depicted model operates under the consideration that commitment and engagement serve two distinct roles based on the study conducted by Hirschfeld and Feild (2000). Theory-based propositions are developed linking servant leadership and psychological safety to individual commitment and work engagement. Finally, the authors provide a framework that may be utilized for future research.


Golf As A Metaphor For Leadership – Insights For Self-Mastery, Cam Caldwell, Shea Balch Jan 2026

Golf As A Metaphor For Leadership – Insights For Self-Mastery, Cam Caldwell, Shea Balch

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

No abstract provided.


Change Management With Ethical Leadership, Sophia Rudisill Holmes Jan 2026

Change Management With Ethical Leadership, Sophia Rudisill Holmes

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

Ethical leadership ensures organizational environments are created and nurtured to support complex dilemmas that surface during change management. Leaders and followers in particular can navigate change management with intentional advance planning guided by the motives of their heart. The motives of a leader’s heart is observed by the ethical practices of their core values. Morally leaders and followers core values inform their ethical behaviors. Furthermore, Christian leaders have access to biblical scripture which provides a roadmap for leaders and followers in the mastery of adapting and not resisting during change management. Biblical scriptures also provide examples of practices that solve …


Dna Of Leadership To Guide Our Existential Purposes Toward Kindness, Hakan Kapucu Jan 2026

Dna Of Leadership To Guide Our Existential Purposes Toward Kindness, Hakan Kapucu

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

This article examines the intersection of leadership and humanity’s quest for existential purpose, highlighting the role of human values such as kindness, empathy, respect, and ethics in guiding individuals toward meaning. It examines how existential purposes—shaped by philosophical, spiritual, social, and scientific perspectives—align with values that foster personal fulfillment and collective well-being. The article highlights the potential of leaders to address existential struggles, such as the dread of insignificance or isolation, by creating purpose-driven workplaces. Two leadership styles, servant leadership and technoversal leadership, are presented as exemplary models. Servant leadership prioritizes community, fostering environments where individuals discover purpose through shared …


Resolving The Leadership Blind Spot, Cam Caldwell Jan 2026

Resolving The Leadership Blind Spot, Cam Caldwell

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

No abstract provided.


Winter/Spring 2026 Jan 2026

Winter/Spring 2026

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

No abstract provided.


Marketing Strategy In The Age Of Ai, Mary C. Martin Jan 2026

Marketing Strategy In The Age Of Ai, Mary C. Martin

All Open Educational Resources

Marketing Strategy in the Age of AI is an Open Educational Resource designed to help students master foundational marketing strategy while understanding how artificial intelligence is reshaping marketing practice. The textbook emphasizes core strategic thinking and positions AI as a tool that enhances, rather than replaces, human judgment and decision-making. The book covers key areas of marketing strategy across the marketing mix, including environmental analysis, market research, product development, pricing, distribution, and promotion. Each chapter introduces established marketing frameworks and then explores how AI-driven tools and data improve insight, speed, and effectiveness in real-world marketing decisions. Examples and cases highlight …


A Policy Reversal As Structural Break: A Lesson From China’S Land Lease Financing For Infrastructure, Yilin Hou, Lin Li, Lei Shao Jan 2026

A Policy Reversal As Structural Break: A Lesson From China’S Land Lease Financing For Infrastructure, Yilin Hou, Lin Li, Lei Shao

Center for Policy Research

Land-based revenues as a fiscal instrument to finance infrastructure tie public investment to real estate markets, where demand fluctuations cause fiscal consequences. This paper takes policy reversals as structural breaks and examines their impacts on infrastructure investment. We dissect China’s 2016 policy reversal that disallowed developers to finance land purchase with debt, causing sharp declines in local government land revenues, slashing their fiscal base for infrastructure investment. Using prefecture-level panel data and continuous difference-in-differences identification, we estimate the reversal reduced land-lease revenues by 55%. Two-stage least squares estimates suggest a 10% land-revenue decline translates into 6.6% investment reduction. Decomposing the …