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Nonstandard Errors, Albert J. Menkeld, Shihao Yu, Et Al.

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Duplicate record, see https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/lkcsb_research/7633/. In statistics, samples are drawn from a population in a data-generating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncertainty in estimates of population parameters. In science, evidence is generated to test hypotheses in an evidence-generating process (EGP). We claim that EGP variation across researchers adds uncertainty - nonstandard errors (NSEs). We study NSEs by letting 164 teams test the same hypotheses on the same data. NSEs turn out to be sizable, but smaller for more reproducible or higher rated research. Adding peer-review stages reduces NSEs. We further find that this type of uncertainty is underestimated by …

Nonstandard Errors, Albert J. Menkvelt, Anna Dreber, Et Al., Shihao Yu, Bart Zhou Yueshen, Emiliano Sebastian Pagnotta

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

In statistics, samples are drawn from a population in a data-generating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncertainty in estimates of population parameters. In science, evidence is generated to test hypotheses in an evidence-generating process (EGP). We claim that EGP variation across researchers adds uncertainty: Non-standard errors (NSEs). We study NSEs by letting 164 teams test the same hypotheses on the same data. NSEs turn out to be sizable, but smaller for better reproducible or higher rated research. Adding peer-review stages reduces NSEs. We further find that this type of uncertainty is underestimated by participants.

The Effect Of Carbon Pricing On Firm Performance: Worldwide Evidence, Tinghua Duan, Frank Weikai Li, Hong Zhang

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Economists recommend combating climate change with carbon pricing; however, a major block to pricing emissions is concerns about economic costs. This paper examines the impacts of carbon pricing initiatives on the operating performance and market value of publicly listed firms around the world. Using the staggered enactment of carbon pricing initiatives across jurisdictions and a triple difference approach, we find a significant reduction in the profitability and value of carbon-intensive firms relative to low-emission firms after the enactment of carbon pricing policies. The reduction in firm profits is driven by both a decrease in sales growth and an increase in …

Dappscan: Building Large-Scale Datasets For Smart Contract Weaknesses In Dapp Projects, Zibin Zheng, Jianzhong Su, Jiachi Chen, David Lo, Zhijie Zhong, Mingxi Ye

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The Smart Contract Weakness Classification Registry (SWC Registry) is a widely recognized list of smart contract weaknesses specific to the Ethereum platform. Despite the SWC Registry not being updated with new entries since 2020, the sustained development of smart contract analysis tools for detecting SWC-listed weaknesses highlights their ongoing significance in the field. However, evaluating these tools has proven challenging due to the absence of a large, unbiased, real-world dataset. To address this problem, we aim to build a large-scale SWC weakness dataset from real-world DApp projects. We recruited 22 participants and spent 44 person-months analyzing 1,199 open-source audit reports …

Leveraging Machine Learning To Analyze Semantic User Interactions In Visual Analytics, Dong Hyun Jeong, Bong Keun Jeong, Soo Yeon Ji

Management and Decision Sciences

In the field of visualization, understanding users’ analytical reasoning is important for evaluating the effectiveness of visualization applications. Several studies have been conducted to capture and analyze user interactions to comprehend this reasoning process. However, few have successfully linked these interactions to users’ reasoning processes. This paper introduces an approach that addresses the limitation by correlating semantic user interactions with analysis decisions using an interactive wire transaction analysis system and a visual state transition matrix, both designed as visual analytics applications. The system enables interactive analysis for evaluating financial fraud in wire transactions. It also allows mapping captured user interactions …

The Role Of Top Management Commitment To Improve Operational Performance Through It Adoption, Supply Chain Integration, And Green Supply Chain Management, Zenia Estella Soesetyo, Zeplin Jiwa Husada Tarigan, Hotlan Siagian, Sautma Ronni Basana, Ferry Jie

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Manufacturing companies constantly strive to produce products that promote better competitiveness. In addition, the current business environment requires manufacturing companies to adopt environmentally friendly concepts, which have become a global customer concern. Therefore, companies must inevitably meet environmental protection requirements through ecologically friendly processes and products. Meanwhile, environmentally friendly adoption requires a capital-intensive investment, which doubts the management regarding the investment return. Hence, top management commitment is highly needed to maintain eco-friendly products and contribute to the company's performance. This study examines the role of top management commitment to operational performance through adopting information technology, supply chain integration, and green …

The Sources And Consequences Of Disputes Over Contractual Meaning, Randy D. Gordon

Faculty Scholarship

With some frequency, parties agree to the particular words used in a contract they sign, only to later disagree as to the meaning of those words and their legal effect. That is, they each assent to something, but that “something” is something different for each of them. In this Article, I first categorize and trace the sources of recurring points of disagreement as a matter of language and linguistics. Then, I look at the consequences of a dispute that leads a fact finder to conclude that the parties genuinely did not agree to the same thing, which is to say …

Predicting Language Proficiency Using A Multiple Regression Model, Madisen Barrieau

Senior Honors Theses

Businesses that design language learning products have a common goal to impart language proficiency to users. Many variables play a role in reaching language proficiency, including time spent in study, method of learning, use of technology, motivation, and more. This study involved creating several multiple regression models in R on a dataset featuring many of these variables. This research sought to identify the relative weight and measurability of these variables unto the goal of predicting language proficiency. Several regression models were created, and the best model showed that language similarity and length of residence in target culture, among other factors, …

Utilizing Extreme Value Theory To Uncover Yield Distributions From Farm And County Level Historical Corn Yields, Gerald H. Van Tassell

Department of Agricultural Economics: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Yield risk represents a major portion of the financial risk facing corn producers and is found in the left tail of the yield distribution. Traditional methods for generating yield distributions fall into two categories: parametric and non-parametric. The shape and behavior of the tail of parametric yield distributions are determined by distributional assumptions. Non-parametric distributions fail to account for the possibility of as yet unseen extreme events, often referred to as “Black Swans”. Extreme Value Theory (EVT) rectifies these issues by providing an empirical, parametric estimate of the risk of extreme events, regardless of the underlying distribution of corn yields. …

Ceo Characteristics And Risk-Taking Under Economic Policy Uncertainty, Ivan Stetsyuk, Ayca Altintig, Kerim Peren Arin, Moo Sung Kim

All Works

This paper investigates the effects of such CEO characteristics as gender, age, and education on the CEOs’ risk-taking behavior during periods of economic policy uncertainty. The paper utilizes Execucomp, BoardEx, and Compustat data from 2005 to 2017 in order to give a novel perspective on how CEO characteristics may provide differing risk-taking positions when faced with varying levels of uncertainty. The results offer robust evidence that older CEOs generally take less risk—regardless of the level of economic policy uncertainty. However, more educated CEOs take less risk only during economically uncertain times. The results also indicate that while female CEOs tend …

Risk Analysis In Financial Statements, A Comparative Study Of Ai Vs Human Risk Assessment, Andre Denegri

University Honors Theses

This theses explores the transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in the auditing industry, focusing on its implications for audit quality, efficiency, and the evolving role of human auditors. A comprehensive review of relevant literature highlights the integration of AI-driven tools such as machine learning, deep learning, and natural language processing in audit processes, emphasizing their capabilities in enhancing risk assessment, fraud detection, and data analytics.

The experimental design features an innovative approach to compare the efficacy of AI and human auditors in conducting risk analysis for three companies--Blockbuster, Enron, and Lehman Brothers--presented anonymously with pre-bankruptcy financial information. The findings …

Impact Of Covid-19 Pandemic On Performance Of Nigerian Stock Market, Shafiu Ibrahim Abdullahi

CBN Journal of Applied Statistics (JAS)

This study analyzes the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of Nigerian stock market. The study uses a number of models that include autoregressive distributed lag, vector auto regression, exponential generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity and multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity models. Findings show that reported cases of COVID-19 have causal effect on daily returns of the Nigerian stock market. The results also show that Nigerian stocks are good for portfolio diversification. The results of variance decomposition confirm the declining importance of COVID-19 cases and deaths as the pandemic slows down. Further results show that, for the duration of the …

Impact Of Fiscal Policy On Financial Inclusion And Development In Nigeria, Okwanya Innocent, Taiwo A. Olusegun, Aimua E. Peace

CBN Journal of Applied Statistics (JAS)

This paper examines the effect of fiscal policy on financial inclusion and development in Nigeria. The study employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and impulse response function (IRF) to determine the extent and response of financial inclusion and development to fiscal policy changes in Nigeria. The study derives a financial inclusion index from three core indicators: access, usage and quality of financial services, while financial development is measured as the ratio of money supply to GDP (M2/GDP). The results show that government expenditure has a significant positive effect on financial inclusion and development, while tax revenue exerts a negative …

The Impact Of Renewable Energy Adoption On State-Level Housing Market Prices, Hernan Checchi

Doctoral Dissertations (DBA)

Renewable energy continues to gain popularity amongst businesses and residents due to the growing concerns on climate change, government regulations and the overall need for a more sustainable energy system. Renewable energy has surged in popularity due to declining costs, and the growing awareness of the need for renewable energy to combat ongoing climate issues. The transition to renewable energy sources such as solar and geothermal power is expected to have a significant impact on various aspects of the economy including the housing market. This research aims to explore the relationship between renewable energy adoption and housing prices in the …

Economic Policy Uncertainty And The Uncovered Interest Rate Parity Of Exchange Rate Determination, Yanyan Freitag

Doctoral Dissertations (DBA)

I argue that the Uncovered Interest Rate Parity (UIRP) relationship depends on the Economic Policy Uncertainty zones (EPU). The UIRP-EPU relationship is state-dependent, non-linear, and asymmetric. Using the monthly data for the sample period January 1999 to December 2023, I test the relationship between changes in the U.S. Dollar in the Euro exchange rate and the spread between the yields on the 10-year U.S. Treasury Note vs. the euro area 10-year convergence bond. The relationship is tested at three different zones or ‘levels’ of the EPU for the U.S. The low, intermediate, and high EPU zones are determined by employing …

Fluid Futures: The Revitalization Of Yangzhou Through Its Historical Waterways, Feiyang Wu

Masters Theses

In China, cities such as Yangzhou, which in pre-modern times played central roles in the political, cultural, and economic functioning of the country based on their geographic location, proximity to water-based trade routes, and connections to the imperial court, are today facing uncertain futures due to waterways no longer being critical to trade, and government-driven development being focused on first-tier cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou. With this, the working-age population migrates from smaller cities toward these urban giants, leaving behind aging relatives, a less robust and diversified economic base, and few attributes other than cultural tourism that …

Emergent Learning: A Framework For Whole-System Strategy, Learning, And Adaptation – With 2024 Prologue, Marilyn J. Darling, Jillaine S. Smith, James E. M. Stiles, Heidi Sparkes Guber

The Foundation Review

Editor’s Note: This article, first published in print and online in 2016, has been republished by The Foundation Review with minor updates.

The field of philanthropy is exploring what it takes to achieve impact in complex environments. The terms “adaptive” and “emergent” are beginning to be used, often interchangeably, to describe strategies by which funders can tackle complexity. This article proposes distinguishing between the two and explores more deeply how the research into complexity can inform philanthropic practice.

While approaches like systems mapping, scenario planning, and appreciative inquiry have been put forward as useful approaches to expanding perspectives and seeing …

Goal-Free Evaluation: An Orientation For Foundations’ Evaluations – Updated 2024, Brandon W. Youker, Allyssa Ballard

The Foundation Review

Editor’s Note: This article, first published in print and online in 2014, has been revised for The Foundation Review with substantive additions, new examples, and minor updates.

Goal-free evaluation is a model in which official or stated program goals and objectives are unknown by the evaluator, serving as a counter to assessing impact solely according to goal achievement. Foundation-supported program evaluation, however, has historically focused on goal attainment as intuitively and inextricably linked to evaluation.

This focus has persisted despite the fact that goal-free product evaluations have been a norm for more than 75 years. Yet persuading funders to consider …

Passing In The Dark: Making Visible Philanthropy’S Hidden And Conflicting Mental Models For Systems Change, Jewlya Lynn, Julia Coffman

The Foundation Review

While the need for philanthropy to focus on systems change as a way to scale and sustain impact is now widely accepted, we see the sector largely failing to recognize that there are different mental models for how to change systems. Sometimes the approaches foundations use are based on competing mental models or models that are not a good fit for the systems, problems, strategies, or practices they are using.

We see two mental models for systems change being used in philanthropy: systems dynamics and systems emergence. Strategies that use the systems-dynamics mental model aim at points of high leverage …

Empirical Essays On Retail Investors, Institutional Investors, And Anomalies, Yuqing Yang

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This dissertation consists of five chapters on market efficiencies through retail and international mutual fund investors.

Chapter 1 This chapter briefly introduces this dissertation.

Chapter 2 This chapter Anomalies Never Disappeared: The Case of Stubborn Retail Investors delves into the “stubborn” retail investors and finds that anomalies traded against by retail investors never disappear in the long run, defying the conventional wisdom that anomalies are disappearing in recent years as market efficiency improves. Incorporating retail trading, I develop asset pricing models that surpass existing prominent models in explaining these long-run alphas. I hypothesize that retail investors exacerbate anomalies: the more …

Empirical Essays On Corporate Financing Behaviors, Joonsung Won

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This dissertation provides an investigation into how external factors influence corporate financing decisions and examines the nature and extent of their impact. To address this, I explore three key external factors: the financial market, financial institutions, and regulatory environment. The chapters explore how the financial market risk perception, financial institutions, and regulatory environment affect corporate financing decisions such as capital structure, bank borrowing, and regulatory capital issuance.

Chapter 1. This chapter presents the motivation and structure of the dissertation.

Chapter 2. Using a recently developed measure of financial market risk perceptions, I show that risk perceptions affect firm-level corporate financing …

Towards Understanding The Post-Colonial In The Development Of Irish Economics, Joseph K. Fitzgerald Dr., Brendan K. O'Rourke

Conference Papers

This conference contribution is prompted by recent work where theories used to understand the economists in countries like France, Britain, Germany, and the USA (Fourcade, 2009; Maesse, 2015) were used to study the development of Irish economics profession. Work on Ireland (FitzGerald & O’Rourke, 2023), though using these frameworks, revealed the importance of Ireland’s colonial and post-colonial experiences in the social status of economics in today’s Ireland. Escobar (2011) points to the power of economists in development discourses focussing particularly on the case of Columbia and the interaction between USA economics with its southern neighbours in the period since the …

Investors' Reactions To Alliance-Engendered Acquisition Ambiguity: Evidence From Us Technology Deals, Panos Desyllas, Martin C. Goossen, Corey C. Phelps

Management Faculty Publications

We study how, when target firms are engaged in strategic alliances, the ambiguity surrounding an acquisition's anticipated synergies influences investors' reactions to announcements of acquisitions. Drawing on behavioural finance research and the resource redeployment literature, we predict that investors' limited access to the information encoded in the target firms' alliances and the uncertainty around the re-deployability of their embedded resources generate a negative relationship between the number of target alliances and investors' reactions. We also hypothesize that this negative effect is exacerbated when the alliances involve foreign alliance partners but is attenuated when acquirers are experienced in acquiring targets with …

Mindful Military Leadership: Leveraging Critical And Creative Thinking To Navigate Modern Generational Dynamics In Teams, Kenneth E. Dowd

Critical and Creative Thinking Capstones Collection

Contemporary military leadership faces a pressing challenge in reconciling traditional doctrine with the evolving needs and characteristics of Generation Z service members. This paper explores the vital importance of integrating critical and creative thinking skills into military small group dynamics to effectively prepare leaders for the complexities of their responsibilities as both decision makers and facilitators of successful teams. Drawing on a diverse range of sources, including academic literature, military publications, and firsthand experiences, the paper examines the inherent tensions between traditional military practices and the demands of a rapidly changing world. Through a synthesis of insights and recommendations, it …

Digital Currencies And Macroeconomic Performance: A Global Perspective, Tirimisiyu F. Oloko, Ahamuefula E. Ogbonna, Idris A. Adediran

Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking

In this study, we explore the IS-LM-BP framework in analysing the effect of digital currencies on macroeconomic performance from a global perspective. We augment the global macroeconomic dataset by Mohaddes and Raissi (2020) with digital currencies, and analyse the relationship between 2010Q1 and 2019Q4. Overall, we find digital currencies to have significantly positive short-run and no long-run impact on global output, inflation rate, interest rate, and equity stock return. Our results suggest that digital currencies have enhanced global macroeconomic performance, on average. Thus, we recommend that appropriate regulations, rather than an outright ban on digital currencies, should be implemented.

Learning On The Go: Elements Of A Mobile Learning Strategy, Matt Hales

Critical and Creative Thinking Capstones Collection

As a Learning and Development (L&D) professional working within the context of mobile learning, I spend my time addressing the issue of learning on the go. In this paper, I share the concept of a Mobile Learning Strategy canvas, created to assist a more strategic approach to mobile learning by L&D practitioners. I assert that the ongoing evolution of training and development, specifically within the realm of mobile learning, requires specific strategic frameworks to be effective. As work becomes more technical and more complicated, workers benefit more and more from training and development. I explore both strategy as a solitary …

3rd Sbs International Conference 2025: Innovation And Disruption: Business Success Through Ai, School Of Business Studies (Sbs)

Conference Proceedings

From the time that Clayton Christensen (1997) highlighted the concept of disruption due to innovation, and its impact on businesses and economies, practitioners and researchers have diverted their attention to the evil it casts and the opportunities it presents. Innovations and improvements in technologies have more often than not resulted in disruption of business models prevalent at that time. The three industrial revolutions have marked definitive shifts in performance and perspectives, and now the world awaits the outcome of the industrial revolution 4.0. Disruptions do not come only from revolutions. This is evident from the very recent incidence of the …

Performance Of The Public Service Bureaucracy: Urban, Rural, And Building Tax Service Model (Pbb-P2) Based On Information And Technology, Rahmawati Rahmawati, Raniasa Putra

BISNIS & BIROKRASI: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi dan Organisasi

The community needs effective, efficient, and accountable public services, including tax services. The Urban & Rural Land & Building Tax (PBB-P2) is a new type of tax for the regions. In the course of its management, there are obstacles and problems. Among them, the community as taxpayers (WP) has difficulty fulfilling their obligations to pay taxes. In addition, the weak administration system of services to taxpayers is due to limited human resources (HR) facilities, infrastructure, organizations, and others. Regional Financial and Asset Management (BPPKAD) considers the bureaucracy too long and prone to deposit discrepancies. The research method used is descriptive …

Chatgpt: What Is It? How Does It Work? Can It Be A Teaching Tool For An Introductory Programming Course In Higher Education?, Dale Fontenot, Feroz Ahmed, Kaniz S. Chy

Southwestern Business Administration Journal

Abstract:

ChatGPT is an interactive chatbot that uses natural language processing (NLP) to understand user input and generate responses. (Ruby, 2023) OpenAI.com released it in November of 2022, creating a buzz in many areas, including higher education. The focus of higher education on this new tool has primarily been academic dishonesty. Although this is a significant concern with ChatGPT, this paper focuses on its usage as a learning tool to help teach programming to management information systems students.

The paper’s brief literature review focuses on ChatGPT’s background and history. A study of how ChatGPT works at a high level is …

Workplace Trauma In Professional Kitchens: Experiences Of Part-Time Undergraduate Culinary Arts Students In Ireland, Orla Mc Connell, Gillian Larkin

Dublin Gastronomy Symposium

As the hospitality industry continues to struggle with attracting and retaining employees, chefs in particular, research on culture in kitchens continues to grow. A recent report in Ireland exposed a culture of bullying and harassment of employees in the hospitality sector. Internationally, researchers have explored the complexity of navigating, belonging, and coping in professional kitchens and have subsequently identified how trauma is embedded in the practice of cooking and serving food. The research to date has largely focused on the perspectives of cooks, and chefs, particularly those who work in elite restaurants, so little is known about the student experience. …