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The Isolation And Identification Of Filamentous Fungi From Distribution Systems, Ground Water, Cisterns And Hemodialysis Water, Tammy J. Liles

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biology by Tammy J. Liles on August 18, 1987.

Somites And Axon Guidance, Kathryn W. Tosney

Scanning Microscopy

The somites are arrayed in a repeating pattern along the longitudinal axis of the embryo, as are the developing sensory and sympathetic ganglia and the spinal nerves. This pattern is not a coincidence: the somite imposes a segmental pattern on the cells and axons that invade it. Both neural crest cells and axons prefer the anterior portion of the sclerotome (the ventral part of the somite) for outgrowth. What differences in anterior and posterior sclerotome are responsible? I used scanning electron microscopy to ask whether these populations differed on the tissue level in chick embryos. This study shows that differences …

Numerical Approaches To Non-Destructive Depth Profiling By Variable Angle X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, P. C. Mccaslin, V. Young

Scanning Microscopy

Variable angle x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (VAXPS), also known as angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS), is a method which can be used to depth profile the near surface region non-destructively. The intensity variation with angle of a given energy level in a sample contains the complete information about the concentration profile of the photoionized component in the depth probed. It has been shown that the intensity is the Laplace transform of the concentration profile. Theoretically it should be possible to uniquely determine the concentration profile as the inverse Laplace transform of the intensity data. After a brief background sketch, the numerical …

Interactions Between A Condensed Target And A Non-Equilibrium Plasma: Acid-Base Reactions At The Interface, J. Amouroux, J. L. Brisset, A. Doubla, A. Gicquel, A. Goldman, F. Rouzbehi

Scanning Microscopy

A new approach of plasma processes of industrial use is presented, with emphasis on the chemical properties of the plasma gas. Reactions occurring at the gas/target interface are for the first time interpreted in terms of acid-base reactions and pertinent examples are given of laboratory experiments and of industrial treatments (e. g., etching, plasma polymerization or surface modification processes). Proton exchanges between the plasma phase and an aqueous target gives evidence of Bronsted acid-base phenomena. Illustrations of Lewis acid-base characters are provided by the role of biradicals (e.g., halogenocarbenes, nitrenc) which are the main reacting species in etching or in …

Evolutionary Aspects Of Reptilian And Mammalian Enamel Structure, A. Sahni

Scanning Microscopy

The evolution of enamel structure is dealt with here on the basis of fossil reptiles and mammals ranging from the Triassic to the present. The evidence suggests that prismatic enamel had developed in some therapsid reptiles and the mammal, Eozostrodon about 180 million years ago. For the next 100 million years, mammalian evolutionary history is sparingly documented and this is reflected in the poor record of enamel evolution during this period. The few Jurassic reptiles and mammals studied suggest a pre-prismatic structure. In the Late Cretaceous (BO to 65 million years ago) when the fossil record improves, mammalian enamel investigated …

The Use Of Silver Nitrate Staining And Backscattered Electron Imaging To Visualize Nematode Sensory Structures, D. J. Vanderburgh, C. A. Ackerley, D. H. Lynn, R. C. Anderson

Scanning Microscopy

Parasitic nematodes of the species Cosmocercoides variabilis were stained with silver nitrate and examined with backscattered electron imaging (BEI). Sensory papillae were selectively highlighted in backscatter images. Silver stain deposited on papillae was located on the papillary surface as well as on the underlying dendritic process. Portions of the body cuticle were also stained. Some cuticular staining was attributed to non-specific deposition of silver but, consistent patterns of cuticular staining were noted in the anterior and posterior regions. This observation suggests that some staining of the cuticle was specific. Results of this preliminary work suggest that BEI is a technique …

Megakaryocyte Motility And Platelet Formation, Robert M. Leven

Scanning Microscopy

The mechanism of platelet formation is reviewed with special emphasis on the role of the cytoskeleton. The three major theories for platelet formation are by cytoplasmic budding, cytoplasmic dissolution or pseudopod formation. Most evidence indicates that platelets form as fragments of megakaryocyte pseudopodia. Pseudopodia formation is stimulated in vitro by thrombocytopenic rabbit plasma. It is inhibited by vincristine and altered by taxol. Cytochalasins cause pseudopodia to form in isolated megakaryocytes. Therefore, normal pseudopodia formation may depend on a combination of microfilament disorganization and microtubule elongation.

Optical Emission And Laser Spectroscopy In Studies Of Sputtering: Actual Research Activities And Recent Achievements, W. Husinsky, G. Betz

Scanning Microscopy

Laser Spectroscopy has been developed into a powerful tool for the detection and energy analysis of neutral particles. Laser Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy (LIF) has yielded a wealth of information about sputtered neutral particles. In addition, Laser Ionization Spectroscopy has recently offered an increased detection sensitivity. In this paper a summary of recent results is given. By combining LIF with other methods capable of measuring densities and energy distributions of sputtered excited atoms in short lived states, new information about sputtering and excitation mechanisms have been recently obtained and will be summarized here.

Scanning Electron Microscopy Application In Clinical Research, R. Laschi, G. Pasquinelli, P. Versura

Scanning Microscopy

Our personal experience on the application of scanning electron microscopy in cardiology, gastroenterology and ophthalmology is reviewed.

SEM has not yet significantly contributed to myocardium pathology. However, in the near future, SEM could be a reliable technique to complete the information available from other sources. As to atherosclerosis, SEM allowed us to improve our knowledge of the early stages of the disease; some pathological features, not always detected by conventional morphological examinations, can be documented. An important contribution to gastrointestinal pathology was made by SEM investigations both in the staging of some important diseases (i.e., coeliac disease, peptic ulcer, Crohn's …

Proton Energy Loss Spectroscopy For Surface Monolayer Analysis, Noriaki Matsunami

Scanning Microscopy

A survey is given of recent advances in the use of high-energy proton backscattering spectroscopy or proton energy loss spectroscopy (PELS) under the glancing incidence geometry for monolayer-sensitive analysis. Two theories of the energy loss involved in the PELS are described, based on the continuous and impact parameter dependent slowing down models. The latter theory leads to the azimuthal angle dependence of the energy loss. It is also shown that this technique is applicable to underlayer composition analysis

The Correlation Of Physiological Responses To Verbal Behavior During Environmental Stimuli Exposure, Cynthia Lou Baker

Graduate Theses

The study was designed to investigate the hypothesis that various environmental stimuli would elicit specific individual responses, as reflected in autonomic patterns. It then became the aim of the study to see whether the stimuli which controlled the physiological pattern would also control the verbal response. Three female and two male students volunteered for the single-subject experiment, where they were exposed to a 15-slide sequence of environment stimuli. Results indicated that when allowed to verbally respond without rating restrictions, responses varied greatly, limiting the possibilities of comparison. In kind, the physiological responses exhibited great variability. Results also supported the position …

The Shark Bay Scallop Fishery: Discussion Paper, L. M. Joll

Fisheries Management Papers

Studies of the biology of the saucer scallop Amusium balloti in Shark Bay show that it is a highly fecund, broadcast spawner, with a long breeding season (from April to December). It is also a fast growing species, with the bulk of the recruits from a breeding season reasing fishable size by April/May of the next year, at which time they also enter their first breeding season. In recent years, however, the earlier part of the breeding season appears to have been the most important for production of recruits.

Glutamine Synthetase: Isolation Of Isoforms, Poly (A) +Rna And In Vitro Translation, Stanley Silver

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Two forms of glutamine synthetase (GS) have been isolated from three-day old etiolated soybean hypocotyls by ammonium sulfate precipitation and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The GS isoforms were eluted from a 30 ml DEAE-cellulose column using 0.14 M KC1 and 0.175 M KC1 and from a 1.0 ml DEAE-cellulose column using 0.08 M KC1 and 0.14 M KC1. The two isoforms of soybean GS have a molecular weight of about 392,000 daltons as indicated by in gel enzyme assays and staining of protein bands.

The poly(A)+RNA specific for GS synthesis was isolated using phenol and chloroform followed by Hybond mAP paper. Translation …

Sodium/Proton Exhange In Membrane Vesicles From Crab (Callinected Sapidus And Carcinus Maenas) Gill, Robert Eric Shetlar

Master's Theses

The existence of a sodium-ion-for-hydrogen-ion exchange mechanism in the membranes of certain epithelial cells has been demonstrated by many investigators (Murer et al., 1976; Tsai et al., 1984; Seiler et al., 1985 ) • This mechanism has been shown to exchange one Na+ for one H+ (Aronson & Igarashi, 1986) and is thought to be more prominent in the brush-border membranes (Murer et al., 197 6; Reenstra et al., 1981 ; Ives et al., 1983) of mammalian kidney tubules and intestinal tissues than in basolateral membranes of these tissues. The roles the exchanger plays in the cell may include intracellular …

Estimation Of Food Limitation In Daphnia Pulex From Boulder Basin, Lake Mead, Thomas Mark Bartanen

Publications (WR)

In February, 1982 I began a year-long study to determine if growth and reproduction in Daphnia Pulex were limited by the amount of food available in Boulder Basin, Lake Mead. To determine this, I made monthly collections of Daphnia Pulex and natural lake seston from an already established station in Boulder Basin. I cultured the Daphnia Pulex under simulated field conditions in a flow-through feeding apparatus using four different food regimes; 1-natural lake seston filtered through 80 um mesh to remove other zooplankton, 2-lake seston (as above) with an enrichment of 10³ cells-ml^-1 of Chlamydomonas reinhardti, 3-lake …

The Normal Structure Of Regional Feline Gastric Mucosae: Scanning Electron Microscopic Study, M. Al-Tikriti, F. Al-Bagdadi, R. W. Henry, J. Hoskins, C. Titkemeyer, G. Strain

Scanning Microscopy

Regions of cat's stomach can be identified by looking at the surface epithelial cells by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The luminal surface of cells of the cardiac region were elongated, of the fundus rounded, of the corpus polygonal shaped, and of the pyloric region diamond shaped. The quantity and distribution of microvilli covering the epithelial cells varies, being abundant and evenly distributed in the cardiac region and gradually decreasing in number toward the gastro-duodenal junction, where they were confined to cell perimeters. The colliculi varied in shape and distribution from few in the fundus and corpus to numerous in the …

Analysis Of Thick Targets By Proton-Induced X-Ray Emission, J. L. Campbell, A. Perujo, W. J. Teesdale, J. A. Maxwell

Scanning Microscopy

Most published PIXE (proton-induced X-ray emission) work concerns thin targets. Recently progress in improving both the fundamental data base and in developing a range of standardization techniques has propelled thick target analysis to the forefront of activity in the PIXE field. Limits of detection are a complex issue depending not only on the continuous background but also on the characteristic X-rays of the matrix; in favorable cases a few ppm may be reached in convenient analysis times. The unfolding of multi-element PIXE spectra is akin to the same problem in EPMA (electron probe microanalysis), and EPMA methodologies, especially as regards …

Microvascular Corrosion Casting Of The Lung. A State-Of-The-Art Review, Dean E. Schraufnagel

Scanning Microscopy

Corrosion casting and viewing of replicas with the scanning electron microscope is an excellent way to study the microvascular structure of the lung. This method can demonstrate aspects of the three-dimensional relationships, branching patterns, maximum diameters, arterio-venous connections, unusual sized and shaped capillaries, development and growth, neovascular structures and changes in development and disease better than any other means. Comparisons can be made in many experimental conditions and fundamental information obtained to answer physiologic questions. This paper reviews how the lung microvasculature has been studied by corrosion casting and scanning electron microscopy and indicates new areas where investigation might be …

The Effect Of Body Temperature On Arteriovenous Oxygen Difference During Rest And Activity In The Toad, Bufo Marinus, Wayne Bryant Palioca

Dissertations and Theses

The relative contribution of arteriovenous oxygen (A-V O₂) difference to thermally-induced and activity-induced changes in metabolic rate (VO₂) were delineated in the toad, B. marinus. In conjunction, the influence of rest and activity, temperature, and removal of the pericardial sac on separation efficiency (Es) in the anuran ventricle was determined by direct measurement of arterial and venous percent oxygen saturation (% saturation), using a microsampling technique.

Scanning Electron Microscopy Of Black Stain On Human Permanent Teeth, J. Theilade, K. M. Pang

Scanning Microscopy

Black stain may develop on the coronal surfaces of human teeth, and this type of stain is common in the Hong Kong Chinese population. The present study was undertaken to ascertain if the deposit conforms in composition to the black stain found elsewhere, and to describe its ultrastructure using the scanning electron microscope. Gram-stained smears were made from black stain on the teeth of 11 adult Hong Kong Chinese and studied microscopically. From another 15 persons extracted teeth exhibiting black stain were obtained and fixed. Two ground sections were made from each tooth, one was stained with toluidine blue, the …

Secretory Ameloblasts And Calcium Distribution During Normal And Experimentally Altered Mineralization, S. H. Ashrafi, Dale R. Eisenmann, A. E. Zaki

Scanning Microscopy

The distribution of calcium in relation to secretory ameloblasts of the rat incisor was studied. An experimental model system in which enamel mineralization was temporarily inhibited by injecting sodium fluoride and cobalt chloride was used. Potassium pyroantimonate (PPA) cytochemistry, electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) were used to clarify the role of the ameloblast in controlling calcium distribution during normal and experimentally altered enamel mineralization.

Secretory ameloblasts chemically-preserved in glutaraldehyde either with or without PPA were analyzed for calcium; those preserved with PPA showed higher concentrations of calcium than did those preserved with glutaraldehyde only. …

Fictitious Calculi And Human Calculi With Foreign Nuclei, P.-T. Cheng, K. P. H. Pritzker, J. Richards, D. Holmyard

Scanning Microscopy

The correlative approach employing polarized light microscopy, x-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction and energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis proves to be very useful in identifying fictitious calculi and genuine human calculi with foreign body nuclei. The common artifacts as reported in the literature and observed also by us were minerals, vegetable and plant seeds, cereals, sand grains and sea shell fragments.

Two interesting cases involving foreign body nuclei have been reported: one urinary calculus containing a piece of plastic-coated titanium foil in the center; one nasal calculus with a nut as a nucleus. …

Effects Of Fractionated Irradiation On The Esophageal Mucosa: A Scanning And Transmission Electron Microscopic Study, M. Albertsson, C-H Hakansson, C. Mercke, H. Morner

Scanning Microscopy

The mucosa of rabbit esophagus was irradiated with daily fractions of 2 Gy to an accumulated dose of 20 Gy. Specimens were taken for scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy investigations. Examination was made 1-10 days after each fractionation schedule. Light microscopy showed dose-dependent edema of the irradiated mucosa which also could be seen and scored from SEM pictures. SEM investigations showed that this was accompanied by loosening of microridges and a slightly increased cell loss. By SEM, a varying amount of bacteria could be seen which did not make intimate contact with the surface cells.

During …

Effects Of Cis-Dichlorodiammineplatinum Alone And In Combination With Ionizing Radiation On The Esophageal Mucosa: A Scanning And Transmission Electron Microscopic Study, M. Albertsson, C-H Hakansson, C. Mercke

Scanning Microscopy

Cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (cis-DDP) has for more than 20 years been part of the therapeutic arsenal of oncology. Most of the knowledge about its biological action is based on clinical investigations and therefore an examination of the influence of cis-DDP at the cellular and sub-cellular level is necessary. Five mg of cis-DDP was given intraperitoneally (i.p.) to ten rabbits. Ultrastructural examinations were performed on the upper and lower parts of the esophagus each day after the injection on the following ten days. Another 50 rabbits were given 5 mg cis-DDP and were irradiated in an area just beneath the hypopharynx. They were …

Channel Plate Detection In Low Energy Scanning Electron Microscopy, H. F. Helbig, R. D. Rydgren, L. Kotorman

Scanning Microscopy

Microchannel plate (MCP) electron detectors compare favorably with the Everhart-Thornley detector for producing SEM images from both secondary and back-scattered electrons. The MCP is a compact array of 10⁵ - 10⁶ channel electron multipliers with a gain in excess of 10⁶ and the collective ability to count ~ 10⁸ electrons per second. The MCP can be mounted coaxially with the beam allowing un-tilted sample orientation and electron collection into a large, field-free solid angle. The speed and low noise of the MCP allow images to be made in less than one second at moderate beam currents …

Scanning Electron Microscopy Of Vertebrate Cerebellar Cortex, Orlando J. Castejón

Scanning Microscopy

In this study, the Golgi method for light microscopy, transmission and conventional scanning electron microscopy, the ethanol-cryofracturing technique, the freeze-fracture method for SEM, and the freeze-etching method have been used in conjunction to analyze the three-dimensional cytoarchitectonic arrangement and intracortical circuits of vertebrate cerebellar cortex. Approximately more than 100 specimens of mice, rat, teleost fishes and human cerebelli were processed by the above mentioned techniques. A chronological review of other methods for studying hidden surfaces of cerebellar nerve cell has been also described. The three-dimensional morphology, outer and inner surfaces of granule, Golgi, Purkinje and stellate cells were reviewed by …

Surface Roughening Studies By Field Emission, R. Gomer, Y. M. Gong

Scanning Microscopy

Measurements of surface self-diffusion by the field emission fluctuation method along the zones (011)-(112) and (011)-(001) of a tungsten emitter show both 2 and I dimensional diffusion, attributed to diffusion of W atoms on the terraces and of kinks along the edges of the stepped surfaces found in these zones. At 950 K -1000 K the steps along (011)-(112) disorder completely, as indicated by the merging of the two types of diffusion into a single, 2-dimensional regime. Along (011)-(001) definite transitions can only be seen on (023) and (017). The transition temperatures are much lower, ~750 K.

An Electron Microscopic Study Of Microfibrils Of Bone Marrow, Ferrell R. Campbell

Scanning Microscopy

After fixation of bone marrow with glutaraldehyde, tannic acid and saponin, a delicate network of microfibrils (10 nm) was observed in the extracellular space. Masses of microfibrils were most frequently observed between the endothelial cells of the sinusoidal wall and adventitial reticular cells, but were also observed at other sites throughout the marrow stroma. Microfibrils are an important component of the extracellular material of bone marrow and appear to provide an anchoring substrate for the endothelium.

An Algorithm For On-Line Digital Image Processing For Assisting Automatic Focusing And Astigmatism Correction In Electron Microscopy, Norio Baba, Eisaku Oho, Koichi Kanaya

Scanning Microscopy

An algorithm for processing a diffractogram of an electron image input by an on-line system has been improved, with the aid of projection theory, so as to achieve real time operation. This algorithm can, therefore, automatically focus in scanning electron microscope, and correct for the astigmatic aberration of both transmission and scanning electron microscopes by analyzing the spectrum computed from the diffractogram. Experimental results show that this algorithm is effective for detecting the amount of defocus and astigmatism in both transmission and scanning electron microscopes.

Characteristics Of An Electric/Magnetic Quadrupole Detector For Low Voltage Scanning Electron Microscopy, M. Brunner, R. Schmid

Scanning Microscopy

The electric/magnetic quadrupole detector allow's efficient detection of secondary electrons in low voltage scanning electron microscopy without introducing disturbing aberrations. The original detector of this type was built in 1986; it has now been equipped with scintillator-photomultiplier assemblies on both positive electrodes. Their signals, A and B, can be combined to A+B or A-B, thus enhancing or suppressing different types of contrast. The aberration disc produced by the present design of detector was estimated to have a diameter of 10 nm. Experimentally, no deterioration of image resolution was observed. The collection efficiency was predicted to be 26% and can be …