Digital Commons Network^™

Bovine Aorta Endothelial Cell Incubation With Interleukin 2: Morphological Changes Correlate With Enhanced Vascular Permeability, Corazon D. Bucana, Joann Trial, Audrey C. Papp, Kenneth K. Wu

Scanning Microscopy

Interleukin 2 induced alterations in the morphology of bovine aortic endothelial cells in vitro. The changes observed in confluent cultures of bovine aortic endothelial cells included retraction and elongation of eel ls leading to enlarged gaps between cells quantified by image analysis. Purified IL-2 (1 U/ml medium) increased the gaps between endothelial cells 3-4-fold compared with control cultures. The effect was transient, since the cells reverted to their original morphology 6-12 hours after the removal of lL-2. Correlative scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies using fresh bovine aorta showed a dose-dependent alteration of the endothelial surface by IL-2 characterized by rounding …

Topographic Evolution In The Atomic Scale Growth And Erosion Continuum, G. Carter, I. V. Katardjiev, M. J. Nobes, J. L. Whitton

Scanning Microscopy

This review gives a detailed survey of the range of fascinating surface features which develop under growth or erosion conditions under the combined influence of thermal and more energetic atomic particle fluxes. Collisionally induced atomic ejection and migration, and thermally and radiation induced atom and defect diffusion processes are outlined and their relevance to topographic initiation and evolution explored. A range of experimental observations of surface feature elaboration is discussed from net growth to net erosion conditions and models for their explanation are considered. It is concluded that while much data have been accumulated, much of these have been in …

Quantitative Analysis Of Particulate Burden In Lung Tissue, J. P. Mastin, L. E. Stettler, J. D. Shelburne

Scanning Microscopy

Numerous methods have been used in the preparation and analysis of the particulate matter deposited in human lungs. Preparation techniques include those for particle isolation and for in situ analysis. Analytical techniques include bulk and particle-by-particle analysis. In this paper, a general discussion of many of these methods is presented along with examples of how two specific techniques have been used. In one study, individual particles from the lungs of 75 randomly selected autopsy cases were analyzed using an automated scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/ energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) system. An average of 613 million particles, of exogenous origin, per …

Defect Detection And Thickness Mapping Of Passivation Layers On Integrated Circuits Using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis And Image Processing Techniques, Richard G. Sartore

Scanning Microscopy

The relative thickness of passivation layers has been mapped for integrated circuits by utilizing the penetration voltage method, in conjunction with energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDXA) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM), to detect defects and map film thickness. The thickness mapping technique was evaluated for area coverage and correlated to size of defective areas. The purpose of this study was to determine optimal operational conditions for fast and accurate defect detection on an integrated circuit for failure analysis and non-destructive process evaluation. Image processing was required to enhance the acquired map and to obtain a calibrated image for relative …

Primary Structure Of An Endochitinase Mrna From Solanum Tuberosum, John Gaynor

Department of Biology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Application Of Photovoltage Imaging To Semiconductor Wafer Characterization, Kanji Kinameri, Chusuke Munakata, Noriaki Honma, Hiromichi Shimizu

Scanning Microscopy

A technique for imaging the distribution of ac surface photovoltages induced in a semiconductor wafer by the irradiation with a blue or near-infrared chopped photon beam is applied to non-destructive inspection of faults in Si or GaAs wafers. Faults detected include crystal defects, radiation damage, surface charge-up, striation and junction inhomogeneity. The principles of inspecting for the above mentioned wafer faults are quantitatively presented by numerical analyses of dependence of ac surface photovoltage on wafer electronic characteristics. The minimum detectable changes in minority carrier lifetime, interface trap density, fixed oxide charge density and resistivity for a depleted p-type Si wafer …

Determination Of Nitrogen In Stainless Steel By Auger Electron Spectroscopy, H. Hantsche, H. J. Dudek

Scanning Microscopy

Application properties of steel can be improved considerably by alloying with nitrogen. The nitrogen may be present both as dissolved nitrogen and as nitride precipitate. It is well-known that the determination of low nitrogen content by means of X-ray microprobe analyses (EMPA) is not easy, consequently it seemed only logical to try to perform these measurements with the method of Auger electron spectroscopy ( AES) which is more sensitive as far as detection of light elements is concerned. After determining the line shape and line position of the nitrogen KLL-peak the detection limit was calculated at 0.02 at .% using …

Studies Of Intestinal Lymphoid Tissue. Xi – The Immunopathology Of Cell-Mediated Reactions In Gluten Sensitivity And Other Enteropathies, Michael N. Marsh

Scanning Microscopy

Computerised image-analysis was used to quantitate small intestinal mucosae from celiac sprue and dermatitis herpetiformis patients, Gambian children with tropical-sprue-like malabsorption, first-degree celiac sprue relatives, and treated celiac sprue patients during challenge with a peptic-tryptic digest of gluten. A wide range of mucosal appearances was observed. Typically, 'flat' lesions (Type 2) revealed a reduced number of epithelial lymphocytes that were large and mitotically active. At the other extreme, mucosal architecture was relatively well preserved (Type 1) but surface epithelium contained an expanded population of small, non-mitotic lymphocytes, with or without crypt hyperplasia. Similar changes were observed in one-third of celiac …

Correlation Between Auditory Brainstem Recordings And Morphology As Seen Through The Scanning Electron Microscope, M. Hultcrantz

Scanning Microscopy

Pregnant CBA/CBA mice were exposed to 0.5, 1 and 2 Grey (Gy), (1 Gy = 100 rad) in single doses with whole body gamma-irradiation on the 12th, 13th and 16th gestational days, respectively. The animals were tested at an age of one month for vestibular and cochlear function. Thereafter the inner ears were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy. A morphological analysis with cytocochleograms was performed.

Morphological changes in the vestibular part showed gross malformations in the cristae ampullares. Hair cells of type I seemed to be more severely changed than hair cells type II. The macula utriculi also showed malformations …

Patterns Of Sulfur Deposition In The Wood Of Pinus Echinatia Mill. From The Cumberland Plateau In Kentucky, Darrell Ray

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Air pollution and acid precipitation have long had an influence on plant and animal life. In this study, the level of sulfur in the stem tissue of Pinus echinata Mill. was measured in trees from various sites along the western edge of the Cumberland Plateau to determine the presence and pattern of sulfur deposition in this species. Overall, a 40.28% increase in sulfur levels was observed from four sites along the plateau with levels increasing from 0.072 mgS/gdwt in the 1962-66 growth increment to 0.101 mg in the 1982-86 increment. According to a computer generated analysis of variance, the differences …

Local Ecology And Multiple Mating In A Natural Population Of Drosophila Melanogaster, R. W. Marks, Robert D. Seager, L. G. Barr

Faculty Work

The measurement of fitness components in natural populations is among the most important problems of population genetics. Much effort has been devoted to the measurement of one aspect of the reproductive component of fitness, the storage and use of sperm by females.

The Occurrence Of Fish Remains In Modern Lake Systems : A Test Of The Stratified-Lake Mode, Douglas R. Britton

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Theories regarding the taphonomy of fishes in lacustrine environments have traditionally relied on an anoxic water column to explain the excellent preservation. This concept has never been directly tested in modern lacustrine environments that are thought to be analogous to the lacustrine environments predicted by the Stratified-lake Model. This research tested that model by searching for fish remains in 38 collected bottom samples of six modern lacustrine analogues, including Fayetteville Green Lake, New York. The bottom sediments of a warm, holomictic, shallow, and saline lake (Salton Sea, California) were also examined. Although laminated sediments were found in all of the …

A Descriptive Catalog Of Dimming Cells In The Purple Shore Crab Hemigrapsus Nudus, Eugene Pak

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A population of cells responsive to the decrease or dimming of light was identified in the Purple shore crab Hemigrapsus nudus. Extracellular pin electrode recordings from the optic nerve tract measured responses to decremental changes in relative light levels over the range 40 to 0.08 lux. The observed activity revealed that these dimming cells could respond over this entire range. A catalog detailing the response characteristics for each of the thirty dimming cells in the study was generated. The parameters measured the receptive field size; response to mechanoreceptive tactile stimuli; response to abrupt On or Off light level changes; …

Chemoreceptors Regulate Discharge Of Microbasic P-Mastigophores In The Sea Anemone, Aiptasia Pallida, Gail E. Muir Giebel

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Recently, using cnida-mediated measurements of adhesive force, Thorington and Hessinger (1984, 1988a, b) identified two different chemoreceptors involved in triggering cnida discharge on the tentacles of the sea anemone, Aiptasia pallida. These two classes of receptors were shown to interact with glycine and N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA). We now show that the discharge of the microbasic p-mastigophores, one of the three types of cnidae present on the tentacles of A. pallida, is under the controlling influence of these two classes of cnidocyte-associated chemoreceptors. We also demonstrate that the number of discharged microbasic p-mastigophores adhering to the test probes is proportional to …

Characterization Of The Aquatic Environment In Lake Mead Near The Proposed Spring Canyon Pumped-Storage Project, And Assessment Of Potential Aquatic Impacts, Charles R. Liston, Stephen J. Grabowski, Bureau Of Reclamation

Publications (WR)

A pumped storage system consists of an upper reservoir and lower reservoir separated by an elevation difference. During low demand energy periods such as nights and weekends water is pumped from the lower to the upper reservoir using available energy from conventional steam electric power plants. During high energy demand periods, such as mornings and afternoons of weekdays, upper reservoir water is allowed to drop back down through the same system of water conduits and turbines, generating electricity to conveniently meet abrupt electrical energy requirements. The same water turbines thus act both as pumps and as conventional hydroelectric turbines. Because …

Histology Of The Ovaries And Fat Bodies Of Chthonerpeton Indistinctum, Rafael O. De Sá, Nibia Berois

Biology Faculty Publications

Histological analysis revealed three different stages in the development of ovarian follicles of Chthonerpeton indistinctum. These stages are identified by (1) location of the oocyte in the ovary wall, (2) oocyte morphology and staining characteristics, (3) development of the zona pellucida, and (4) organization of the follicular layer. Atretic follicles and corpora lutea also were found. Fat bodies are composed of well-developed adipose tissue.

Location And Identification Of Colloidal Gold Particles On The Cell Surface With A Scanning Electron Microscope And Energy Dispersive Analyzer, Sinikka Eskelinen, Raija Peura

Scanning Microscopy

The use of colloidal gold particles for locating cell surface components by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been restricted due to difficulties in the identification of these gold particles under SEM. It is shown here how the gold particles bound to cell surfaces can be located and identified under SEM using the secondary electron imaging (SEI) mode with an energy dispersive X-ray microanalyzer (EDS). This enables reliable identification of gold particles and good quality micrographs of the cells to be achieved at the same time. The distribution of receptors for two lectins, concanaval in A (ConA) and wheat germ agglutinin …

Polarized Epithelial Cysts In Vitro: A Review Of Cell And Explant Culture Systems That Exhibit Epithelial Cyst Formation, J. A. Mcateer, G. S. Dougherty, K. D. Gardner Jr., A. P. Evan

Scanning Microscopy

The purpose of this paper is to review in vitro cell and explant culture systems that exhibit epithelial cyst formation and that are used as models of polarized epithelial function. We examine a number of culture systems derived from a variety of cell and organ types, briefly describe the methodology and conditions used to establish these cultures and discuss aspects of the experimental application of each system. We conclude that the characteristics of epithelial cyst-forming cultures are dependent upon the origin and identity of the cell population, as well as the multiple factors that define the culture environment. Culture systems …

The Role Of Scanning Electron Microscopy In Ophthalmic Science, P. Versura, M. C. Maltarello

Scanning Microscopy

The eyeglobe is one of the classical domains of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in biology as it exposes several inner and outer surfaces. Both corneal and conjunctival epithelia towards the tear film as well as the corneal endothelial cells facing the anterior chamber may be accurately evaluated. The architecture of the angle and particularly the morphology of the Schlemm's canal inner wall are clarified by SEM more than by TEM serial reconstruction. The surfaces of the iris and ciliary body, the zonula and the choroidal vessel arrangement are described in great detail. Three distinct types of membrane anchoring devices are …

Extracellular Matrix Production By Osteoblasts On Bioactive Substrata In Vitro, J. E. Davies, T. Matsuda

Scanning Microscopy

Some bone-substitute biomaterials have been classified as bioactive since they allow direct biological bonding to their surface in vivo. Using in vitro techniques, we have re-created the first stages of this biological bonding phenomenon and compared the initial, fibrillar, extracellular matrices produced by migrated primary osteoblast cell populations in contact with both dense and macroporous calcium phosphate substrata, apatite/bioactive glass composite (ABC) and 45S5 bioactive glass (BAG). The first formed fibrils in contact with these materials may be identified as collagen from their morphology as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). However, the organization of this fibrillar material is …

Preparation Of Cytoskeletons Of Cells In Culture For High Resolution Scanning And Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy, Paul B. Bell Jr., Margaretha Lindroth, Bengt-Arne Fredriksson

Scanning Microscopy

In this tutorial we describe our methods for preparing detergent-extracted cytoskeletons for observation by high resolution scanning (SEM) and scanning transmission (STEM) electron microscopy. We both discuss the theoretical background and provide practical procedures for each of the following steps: cell culture on Formvar-coated gold grids; prefixation with aldehydes or protein crosslinking reagents (homobifunctional N-hydroxy-succinimide esters); extraction with Triton X-100 or Brij 58 detergent in microtubule stabilizing buffer; postfixation in formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde; dehydration; critical point and freeze drying; sputter coating with 1-2 nm of platinum or tungsten; and examination by SEM and both normal and inverted contrast STEM. These …

Preparation Of Cultured And Isolated Cells For X-Ray Microanalysis, K. Zierold, D. Schäfer

Scanning Microscopy

Various electron microscopical preparation techniques are compared with regard to the preservation of the intracellular element distribution as determined by X-ray microanalysis in scanning and scanning transmission electron microscopy. By use of chemical agents for fixation and dehydration ions are redistributed and washed out. This is also true for freeze-substitution. Whole cells are prepared by cryofixation followed by freeze-drying. Interference of intracellular measurements by extracellular elements can be avoided by appropriate washing the cells before cryofixation. The washing medium has to be carefully selected in order to avoid distortions of the original intracellular element content. These problems are circumvented by …

Scanning Electron Microscope And Intragingival Microorganisms In Periodontal Diseases, F. R. Saglie

Scanning Microscopy

During the past two decades there has been an increased understanding of bacterial invasion as a pathogenic mechanism of periodontal diseases. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) has played a key role in supporting the idea that bacterial invasion may be another pathogenic mechanism in periodontal disease. This has been due to the fact that SEM has a larger depth of focus and better resolving power than the Light Microscope (LM) and also allows for observation of rather large areas of tissue showing in depth the surface of the sample.

This review deals with information obtained by using SEM as the fundamental …

Evidence Of Variable Zn/Fe In Zinc-Ferrites Produced From Roasting Of Zinc Sulphide Concentrate, R. Lastra, N. Rowlands, J. A. Finch

Scanning Microscopy

Zn-Fe-O phases formed during roasting of concentrates from zinc sulfide ores produce soluble zinc oxide, oxy-sulfates and insoluble ferrite compounds. The ferrites have a general formula ZnOFe₂O₃. However, these ferrites have a range of magnetic properties, suggesting variable stoichiometry. Scanning electron microscopy has been used to obtain the general relationship between the Zn/Fe ratio of the ferrites and their magnetic susceptibility.

The Effect Of Iron And Lead Inhibition, Beth Brownell

Whittier Scholars Program

This project is an experiment to test the hypothesis that the amount of iron present in the body affects the biosynthetic pathway of heme in experimental animals. This study was done by monitoring the protoporphyrin IX blood levels in four mice groups: no lead in drinking water with normal iron pellet diet, no lead in drinking water with no iron pellet diet, 1mM lead in drinking water with normal iron pellet diet, and 1mM lead in drinking water with no iron pellet diet. Fluorescence spectra of diluted whole blood from lead-exposed mice with different iron levels were found to be …

Determination Of Homology Between The Arsenic Resistance Plasmids R45 And R773 In Escherichia Coli, Joshua T. Clark

Dissertations and Theses

The resistance transfer factor R45 from Escherichia coli confers inducible arsenate and arsenite resistance in that bacterium. The genes for these resistances were cloned into the EcoR1 - Sph1 multiple cloning site of PGEM3 Blue vector (Promega) to produce a 4.9 kilobase plasmid, pJC1. This recombinant plasmid, pJC1, conferred IPTG induced resistance to arsenite and arsenate. In addition, pJCl was tested for homology with the E. coli plasmid R773, which encodes for arsenic resistance in that bacterium as well.

Through DNA-DNA hybridization the arsenic resistance determinants of R45 and R773 were compared. Under stringent hybridization conditions, R45 demonstrated DNA sequence …

Enamel Of Yalkaparidon Coheni: Representative Of A Distinctive Order Of Tertiary Zalambdodont Marsupials, K. S. Lester, M. Archer, C. F. Gilkeson, T. Rich

Scanning Microscopy

The enamel of an incisor and a premolar of Yalkaparidon coheni was examined by scanning electron microscopy in fractured and in sectioned, polished surfaces. The enamel of both teeth demonstrated: complete, ovoid and horse-shoe shaped prisms in a Pattern 2 arrangement; a simple parallel prism course; and, enamel tubules in abundance in the premolar but restricted to the innermost enamel in the incisor. Overall, the enamel ultrastructure supports the marsupial affiliation proposed for Yalkaparidon coheni but does not unambiguously ally it with any other order of marsupials.

The observation of a significant ultrastructural difference between the anterior and posterior teeth …

Chromosome Studies In Asteraceae From The United States, Mexico, The West Indies, And South America, David J. Keil, Melissa A. Luckow, Donald J. Pinkava

Biological Sciences

Chromosome counts of Asteraceae are reported from Mexico, the United States, the West Indies, Peru, and Bolivia. First counts are reported for 27 species, eight infraspecific taxa, and three interspecific hybrids in Brickellia , Chrysanthellum, Cirsium, Egletes, Erigeron, Flaveria, Gnaphalium, Heterotheca, Hieracium, Hymenothrix, Koanophyllon, Layia, Lessingia, Pectis, Sclerocarpus, Stuessya, Tagetes and Wedelia. Counts are also reported for 196 taxa or hybrids for which chromosome numbers have been published previously. Of these, nine are new numbers. Taxonomic implications of certain counts are discussed.

Sensory Stimuli Involved In Eliciting Agonistic Behavior In The Northern Fence Lizard, Sceloporus Undulatus Hyacinthinus, Laura Taylor

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Comparisons among sequence analyses of actions in response to various treatments of visual and olfactory cues were carried out in the lizard, Sceloporus undulatus hyacinthinus, to determine the relative roles of these cues in eliciting agonistic behavior. Visual cues were tested using mirrors, models and clear partitions between cages. Chemical cues were tested using the secretion from the cloaca of males. A combination of visual and olfactory cues was tested by streaking a mirror with the substance from the cloaca of a male. The responses to these treatment conditions were videotaped, and the transition frequencies between the most frequently …

Intracellular Water Distribution And Aging As Examined By X-Ray Microanalysis, Thomas Von Zglinicki

Scanning Microscopy

The results reviewed here demonstrate that 1. the distribution of dry mass as observed in frozen-dried cryosections might be used as an unbiased measure of intracellular dry mass resp. water distributions in the tissue in vivo and 2. the well-known loss of water from cells during aging is solely due to a water loss from mitochondria without changes in the water content of all other components of the cell in the case of rat liver and heart muscle.

The reason for the water loss might be increased counter ion binding by membrane-bound enzymes due to decreased fluidity of the inner …