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The Syringomycins: Finding Their Role In Nature, Jon Takemoto

Faculty Honor Lectures

About ten years ago, I began looking for a research problem in the field of plant-microbe interactions. As the name implies, this is the study of how plants and microorganisms associate-either for their mutual benefit or at the expense of one partner. An example is symbiotic nitrogen fixation between leguminous plants and root-colonizing bacteria. Both benefit-the plant gains nitrogen in a useful form and the bacteria gain nutrients and protection. A better understanding of a plant-microbe interaction system could be used to benefit agriculture. For example, boosting nitrogen fixation would mean less petroleum-derived nitrogen fertilizers. These interactive biological systems and …

A Survey Of Helminths Of Ondatra Zibethicus In Eight States And Four Foreign Countries, Mike P. Lyons

McCabe Thesis Collection

The muskrat, Ondatra zibethicus. is a large member of the Order Rodentia and regarded as the United States' most important fur bearing mammal (Abram, 19 69) . Helminths, or parasitic worms, include amongst its members: trematodes (flukes), cestodes (tape worms) and nematodes (round worms). Parasite surveys based on geography and subspecies of the host, Ondatra zibethicus. have pieced together information gaps based on these criteria and enabled investigators to construct an overall picture of helminth parasites in the United States and elsewhere.

The question of helminths in representative host species can be addressed either through necropsy examinations or through literature …

Can Microhabitat Selection Or Differences In 'Catchability' Explain Male-Biased Sex Ratios In Overwintering Populations Of Monarch Butterflies?, Dennis F. Frey, Kingston L.H. Leong

Biological Sciences

No abstract provided.

Purification & Characterization Of A Deoxyribonuclease From Etiolated Soybean, Cunyong Xu

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

A deoxyribonuclease (DNase) has been isolated from a purified preparation of soybean nuclei. The procedure, involving solubilization of proteins using ammonium sulfate, Sephadex G-75, DEAE-Cellulose and CMSephadex chromatography and non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, resulted in a 554-fold purification with a yield of 6% of the enzyme. The purified enzyme had a molecular weight of 60 KDa as monitored by non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In addition, high-molecular-weight (HMW) soybean DNA, essentially free from protein, RNA and other contaminates, has been isolated from soybean to be used as a substrate for the enzyme. Enzyme activity was directly proportional to the concentration of …

Gal4 Disrupts A Repressing Nucleosome During Activation Of Gal1 Transcription In Vivo, Jeffrey D. Axelrod, Michael S. Reagan, John Majors

Biology Faculty Publications

Photofootprinting in vivo of GALl reveals an activation- dependent pattern between the UASG and the TATA box, in a sequence not required for transcriptional activation by GAL4. The pattern results from a nucleosome whose position depends on sequences within the UASG. In the wild-type gene, activation by GAL4 and derivatives disrupts this nucleosome. This activity is independent of interactions with DNA-bound core transcription factors and is proportional to the strength of the activator. Presence of the nucleosome correlates with low basal transcription levels under various conditions, suggesting a role in limiting basal expression. We propose a role for the GAL4 …

Xylosylation Is An Endoplasmic Reticulum To Golgi Event, Barbara Vertel, Linda Walters, Nina Flay, Ann Kearns, Nancy Schwartz

Biology and Environmental Science Faculty Publications

The subcellular site of xylosylation, the first carbohydrate modification of the core protein that initiates glycosaminoglycan chain synthesis, was characterized in situ. Methods were developed to combine electron microscopic (EM) autoradiography and the radiolabeling of semi-intact chondrocytes. In the accompanying paper, Kearns et al. (Kearns, A. E., Vertel, B. M., and Schwartz, N. B. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 11097-11104) presented biochemical and subcellular fractionation studies that utilized semi-intact chondrocytes and radiolabeled UDP sugars to overcome obstacles to the direct analysis of xylosylation. The results suggested that xylosylation begins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and continues in the Golgi. …

Review Of Bag And Size Limit Proposals For Western Australian Recreational Fishers., F. B. Prokop

Fisheries Management Papers

The Fisheries Department of WA and the Recreational Fishing Advisory Committee (RFAC), which is the peak body representing recreational fishers in WA, have been very pleased with the response to the implementation of two year review of recreational fisheries. Fisheries, RFAC and the fishing community recognise that the two year review was the first step in the continually evolving process of management of recreational fisheries. Since the new bag and size limit regulations were introduced in December 1991, there have been many suggestions for refinement and improvement. This management paper includes the most common and best suggestions for future management. …

A Comparison Of Hemoglobin Zurich Erythrocytic Membrane Proteins & Identification Of The Mutation At The Dna Level, Yijuan Liu

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Hemoglobin Zurich is a rare blood condition which causes severe rupturing of erythrocytes upon the administration of sulfonamides. Hemoglobin Zurich is caused by a specific genetic mutation in which there is a single amino acid (histidine) substituted for arginine at position 63 in the beta chain of hemoglobin molecules [β 63 Histidine --> Arginine].

In this study, the membrane proteins of Hemoglobin Zurich erythrocytes were compared to membrane proteins from normal human erythrocytes employing sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and visualized by periodic-acid Schiff (PAS) and DZANDU staining. No differences were detected employing these techniques.

DNA was isolated from …

Cryptococcus Neoformans Serotype Groups Found In Clinical And Environmental Isolates, John Clauson

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast responsible for severe meningoencephalitis. The importance of epidemiological studies on cryptococcosis has increased since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic. C. neoformans exists in two varieties containing four serotypes, C. neoformans var. neoformans (serotypes A and D) and C. neoformans var. gattii (serotypes B and C). Locally C. neoformans var. neoformans has been associated with pigeon feces during those months having an average temperature of 64.2°F j(17.8°C) and above. Clinical and environmental isolates of C. neoformans obtained from regional hospitals and environmental samplings, respectively, have been grouped into their variety status utilizing canavanine-glycine-bromthymol blue …

Fisheries Management Paper No 53 - Rock Lobster Industry Advisory Committee - Report To The Minister For Fisheries And Management Arrangements For 1992/93, Fisheries Department Of Western Australia

Fisheries Management Papers

The Minister for Fisheries announced the 1992/93 fishing season management arrangements for West Coast Rock Lobster Fishery on 11 August 1992. These arrangements arose as a result of the Minister's consideration of the Rock Lobster Industry Advisory Committee's recommendations outlined in Fisheries Management Paper no.46.

Following this announcement, on 28 August 1992, the Western Australian Fishing Industry Council Sub-Committee on rock lobster submitted a range of alternative management proposals.

The Rock Lobster Industry Advisory Committee (RLIAC) met in Perth on the 9 September 1992 at the request of the Minister for Fisheries to further examine and report on management arrangements.

The Mayfly Newsletter, Peter M. Grant

The Mayfly Newsletter

The Mayfly Newsletter is the official newsletter of the Permanent Committee of the International Conferences on Ephemeroptera.

An Evaluation Of Hands-On Instruction As A Method To Improve Observation Skills In Second Grade Students, Lydia Rogers

Master's Theses

A hands-on assessment tool for testing second-grade students' ability to discriminate physical attributes (size, shape, color, texture, pattern, edge, part-to-whole, and type) of mollusk shells was developed, pretested, and administered to 48 second-grade students at Maybeury Elementary School, Henrico County, Virginia. Treatment group students (n = 24) attended five afterschool, activitybased classes in which close observation of object a~tributes was taught. The classes included the same discriminations as did the assessment test but used different materials. Control and test group students were retested. Neither paired t test nor question-by-question analysis showed a significant improvement in the test group's score. Presence …

Fat Content Of American Kestrels (Falco Sparverius) And Sharp-Shinned Hawks (Accipiter Striatus) Estimated By Total Body Electrical Conductivity, Shari M. Harden

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) is a noninvasive method for the estimation of lean mass in live subjects. Lipid content can be calculated from the body mass measured and the lean mass estimated from TOBEC. I used live American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) to study the accuracy of this method. TOBEC measurements were compared to actual body content determined by Soxhlet fat extraction using petroleum ether as the solvent. TOBEC estimated 73.7% of the variation in lean mass in a sample of 21 kestrels. The use of restraining devices (Vetrap and cardboard cylinders) altered the TOBEC measurement but only …

Smooth Muscle Myosin Heavy Chains Combine To Form Three Native Myosin Isoforms, Allen E. Tsao, Thomas J. Eddinger

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Two smooth muscle myosin heavy chains (MHC; SM1 and SM2) of approximately 204 and 200 kDa exist in smooth muscle cells and can be visualized on reducing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gels. Chymotryptic digestion of the native myosin molecule results in two fragments: heavy meromyosin (HMM) and light meromyosin (LMM). LMM is the alpha-helical coiled-coil carboxy terminal half of the molecule containing the difference peptide between SM1 and SM2. Electrophoresis of the LMM fragments on a reducing SDS-polyacrylamide gel resolves two subunits from the two MHC [LM1 from SM1 (approximately 100 kDa) and LM2 from SM2 (approximately 95 kDa), where …

Morphological And Histochemical Changes In Intercellular Junctional Complexes In Epithelial Cells Of Mouse Small Intestine Upon X-Irradiation: Changes Of Ruthenium Red Permeability And Calcium Content, Z. Somosy, J. Kovács, L. Siklós, G. J. Köteles

Scanning Microscopy

Changes of calcium-content and permeability of tight junction following X-irradiation were investigated in mouse intestinal epithelial cells by electron microscopy. In the control animals the lower parts of tight junctional area as well as the other junctional elements and the intercellular space are labeled by pyroantimonate precipitates, which contain calcium as revealed by electron spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectrometry. X-irradiation, parallel with morphological changes, lead to rapid decrease of pyroantimonate precipitable calcium content and increase of the permeability of tight junctions indicated by the penetration of ruthenium red into the intercellular space. These changes were readily reversible following 0,5 …

Decomposition Of Senescent Blades Of The Seagrass Halodule Wrightii In A Subtropical Lagoon, Stephen Opsahl, Ronald Benner

Faculty Publications

Senescent blades from the seagrass Halodule wrightii Aschers were suspended in the water column of Laguna Madre (Texas, USA) for a period of 419 d, representing the longest seagrass decomposition study to date. The initial stage of decomposition was characterized by a rapid loss of organic matter (36 % in 24 d) attributed to leaching. A total of 76 % of the organic matter from seagrass tissues was lost by the end of the decomposition period. Of the major bulk constituents measured, neutral sugars were most abundant and accounted for 23 % of the ash-free dry wt of the initial …

Non-Equilibrium Surface Diffusion Measurements In Systems With Interactions, M. C. Tringides, K. R. Roos, A. Jesina, J. Haas, P. Levenberg

Scanning Microscopy

Diffusion in surface overlayers with adsorbate-adsorbate interactions is described in terms of coverage-dependent diffusion coefficients. The measured phenomenological Arrhenius parameters (activation energy and prefactor) depend on the initial configuration of the system. Since different experimental methods probe the system in different states, the measured diffusion coefficients depend on the method used. Experimental results demonstrating this dependence are presented for O/W(110) -p(2x1) + p(2x2) and Ag/Si(111) -√3 x √3 R30°. They were measured during the evolution of the system to attain a new equilibrium state of different symmetry. In addition, simulations on lattice gas models with interactions, modeling …

Electron Beam Induced Current Studies Of Defect Induced Conductivity Inversion, Z. J. Radzimski, A. Buczkowski, T. Q. Zhou, C. Dubé, G. A. Rozgonyi

Scanning Microscopy

Defect induced inversion of conductivity type was studied both at the surface and at a network of interfacially confined misfit dislocations in heteroepitaxial Si(Ge) on Si structures. The inversion was achieved by controlled contamination with Au and Ni metallic impurities introduced by diffusion from backside evaporated layers. A theoretical explanation of the defect electrical activity and the inversion effect is presented, along with temperature dependent beam induced current observations.

The West Coast Shark Fishery Draft Management Plan., D. A. Hall

Fisheries Management Papers

The main purpose of this report is to advance the development of a scheme of management for the commercial shark fishery off the west coast of Western Australia. There is considerable scientific concern over the biological status of commercially important shark stocks in this region, particularly dusky whaler (Carcharhinus obscura), thickskin (Carcharhinus plumbeus) and whiskery sharks (Furgaelus macki).

The South West Beach Seine Fishery Draft Management Plan., D. A. Hall

Fisheries Management Papers

This paper describes the issues in and outlines a proposal for management of the beach seine fishery between Tim's thicket and Cape Beaufort on the south coast. It also proposes management measures for the fishery utilising small mesh gill nets and hand hauled seine nets in the area inside of the 10 metre depth contour.

Scanning Electron Microscopy Observation Of The Voltage Contrast Image Of The Ferroelectric Domain Structure In The Linbo3 Crystal, D. V. Roshchupkin, M. Brunel

Scanning Microscopy

This paper reports a scanning electron microscopy study of the formation of the voltage contrast image of the ferroelectric domain structure in the LiNbO₃ crystal. We investigated the formation of the pyroelectric voltage contrast image of the regular domain structure. For our experiment, we used ZY cut of a LiNbO₃ crystal which had a regular domain structure with a domain width of -55 μm. The regular domain structure in the LiNbO₃ crystal was formed by the method of thermo-electrical treatment after growth. The pyroelectric voltage contrast image of the regular domain structure in the scanning electron microscope …

Analysis Of Heavy Metals In Mouse Uterine Secretion By X-Ray Microanalysis, Zhengzhu Jin, B. Ove Nilsson

Scanning Microscopy

A method for the detection of heavy metal ions in the uterine secretion of the mouse was tested. Mice received an intravenous injection of lead, and beads of an analytical grade resin, Chelex 100, were deposited in the uterine lumen to absorb heavy metals present in the secretion. X-ray microanalysis of the flushed beads showed that lead was present in a dose-related way in the uterine secretion of mice that had received 0.05, 0.1, or 0.15 mg lead per g body weight. Thus, the technique allows quantitative analysis of lead in the uterine secretion. The amount of lead present in …

Biochemical Correlates Of Estivation Tolerance In The Mountainsnail Oreohelix (Pulmonata: Oreohelicidae), Bernard Rees

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Biochemical changes occurring over 7 months of estivation were studied in two species of land snail, Oreohelix strigosa (Gould) and 0. subrudis (Reeve), to determine whether differential mortality during estivation is related to different energetic strategies. Laboratory- maintained snails, which were fed ad libitum prior to es- tivation, were compared with snails collected from the field and induced to estivate without augmenting their energy reserves. In all groups, polysaccharide was catab- olized early in estivation, and protein was the primary metabolic substrate after polysaccharide reserves were de- pleted. Lipid was catabolized at a low rate throughout estivation. Rates of catabolism …

Use Of Ultra-Thin Window Detectors For Biological Microanalysis, A. T. Marshall, A. Patak

Scanning Microscopy

Films and bulk samples of Nylon, gelatin, Makrofol, epoxy resin, aminoplastic resin and sodium acetate have been used as models of biological samples. It is shown that the use of ultrathin window (UTW) detectors in scanning transmission and scanning electron microsopes permits the quantitative analysis of light elements, yielding a total element analysis with hydrogen estimated by difference or "guesstimated".

Comparison with known concentrations or concentrations obtained by chemical analysis shows that X-ray microanalysis of sections by the peak to continuum ratio model and bulk samples by the φ(pz) model gives sufficiently accurate results for biological purposes. It …

Hyperplasia And Fluid Accumulation In Epithelial Cyst Formation And Growth, Andrew P. Evan, James A. Mcateer, Kenneth D. Gardner Jr.

Scanning Microscopy

Epithelial cysts may develop in virtually any epithelium. All cysts, regardless of their origins, are characterized by epithelial hyperplasia and fluid accumulation. Additional features may include tubular atrophy, basement membrane alterations and association with inflammatory cells. In spite of the intense research effort in recent years directed at uncovering the cellular mechanisms of cyst development and growth, we still do not know the primary events that lead to cyst formation. However, there are at least three candidate mechanisms. These include: 1) increased cell proliferation (epithelial hyperplasia) in the cyst wall, 2) net fluid accumulation in the cyst cavity and 3) …

Evaluation Of The Use Of Tannic Acid In Preparation Of The Rabbit Knee Meniscus For Scanning Electron Microscopy, Daniel Levanon, Haim Stein

Scanning Microscopy

The femoral faces of medial and lateral menisci of the rabbit knee were structurally reinforced with tannic acid and studied using the scanning electron microscope. Significant improvement in preservation of the meniscal surfaces, as compared to previous studies, was brought about by the structural reinforcement technique. Menisci, although detached from tibial plateaux, retained well their shape, dimensions, and microarchitecture. Differences in surface morphology between medial and lateral menisci and between longitudinal sectors on menisci were recorded. Appearances of surface irregularities were reduced to a very low level, and the possibility that this minimum exists in situ is forwarded.

Analysis Of Early Hard Tissue Formation In Dentine By Energy Dispersive X-Ray Microanalysis And Energy-Filtering Transmission Electron Microscopy, Hans-Peter Wiesmann, Ulrich Plate, Hans-Jürgen Höhling, Rudolf H. Barckhaus, Karl Zierold

Scanning Microscopy

Thin cryosections and sections of embedded tissue were prepared from dentine of cryofixed rat incisors. Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) have been applied to study the calcium and phosphorus distribution in predentine of these incisors. A small enrichment of calcium and phosphorus was found in the predentine zone near the dentine border.

Element distributions were correlated with analyses of the early crystal formation in dentine. These investigations were carried out by parallel applications of electron spectroscopic diffraction (ESD) and electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI) using zero-loss filtering. It was found that the earliest crystal formations already …

Microvascular System Of The Human Fetal Inner Ear: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study Of Corrosion Casts, A. J. Miodoński, J. Gorczyca, M. Nowogrodzka-Zagórska, J. A. Litwin, J. Składzień

Scanning Microscopy

The vascular system of the inner ear was investigated in 18-21 weeks old human fetuses, using the corrosion cast technique in scanning electron microscopy. At that developmental stage, vascularization of the cochlea and semicircular canals shows a pattern very similar to that described for adults. The most important differences which can be regarded as fetal features include: (1) denser limbus vessels, (2) the marginal vessels of the spiral lamina appearing as irregular network which shows a less clear arcade-like arrangement, (3) some radiating arterioles of the spiral lamina and marginal vessels possessing connections with the vascular system of the external …

Degeneration And Reorganization Of Vestibular Epithelia After Local Aminoglycoside Application In The Mammalian Inner Ear, J. Dupont, A. Guilhaume, J. -M. Aran

Scanning Microscopy

The development of degeneration of vestibular end organs and their possible reorganization have been observed over a 2 year period after local application of sisomicin in the inner ear using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Degeneration of stereocilia took place as early as 5 days after the treatment in the utricule, the saccule and the cristae. At 10 days, almost the entire surface of these sensory epithelia presented a smooth aspect without specific structure. However, after 15 days, an epithelial reorganization developed with clear limits between cells. At 25 days, systematic kinociliary structures were observed at the apical surface of the …

Improved Tissue Corrosion Of Vascular Casts: A Quantitative Filtration Method Used To Compare Tissue Corrosion In Various Concentrations Of Sodium And Potassium Hydroxide, Paul A. Sims, Ralph M. Albrecht

Scanning Microscopy

In this study, we compare weights of filter retained material (11 μm particle retention) after solubilization and filtration of unfixed, un-perfused tissue (fat, liver and trachea) in sodium and potassium hydroxide (1% , 5%, 10% and 20% weight/volume, w/v) at 8, 24 and 48 hour time points at 45°C. Three detergents [1% Triton-X-100 (volume/volume, v/v), 1% 7X (v/v), 1% Terg-A-Zyme (w/v)] used in combination with hydroxide were evaluated for use in solubilizing fat. Additionally, vascular casts from mouse kidneys were corroded to test the practical effectiveness of corroding solutions on resin infused tissue.

Five percent KOH for eight hours proved …