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Anthranilate Synthetase From Escherichia Coli Sjhi:Purification And Some Properties, Münevver Arisoy

Turkish Journal of Biology

A procedure employed in the purification of anthranilate synhetase of Escherichia coli SJHI is described. The purified anthranilate synthetase appeared to be homogeneous when examined with poliacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Phenly-sepharose CL-4B and Blue dye sepharose were used for purification. A positive correlation was found between purification and ammonium sulfate especially using concentrations greater than 10%. A positive effect 2-Mercapto-ethanol on the enzyme stability was also determined.

Evaluation Of Drought- And Salt- Resistance Duringthe Germination Of Selected Durum Wheat Lines, Jafar A. Mammadov

Turkish Journal of Biology

Seventeen selected lines of Azerbaijani durum wheat were tested for drought and salt resist-ance with respect to parameters of adaptability and stability. The samples were studied during germi-nation under water, salt and thermal stress environments, as well as under normal growing conditions. Of the lines selected, Leucurum 242h93, Melanopus 63h93and Apulicum 317h93proved to be pro-ductive and stable in stress conditions, and they were determined to be valuable initial material in wheat breeding for drought and salt resistance.

Effects Of Fagonia Cretica L. Constituents On Variousendocrinological Parameters In Rabbits, M. Asif Saeed, Zaheer-Ul-Din Khan, A. W. Sabir

Turkish Journal of Biology

The effects of powdered Fagonia cretica plant and its two major triterpenoid saponins (saponin-I and saponin-II) on various blood endocrinological parameters. Prolactin namely, serum pro-lactin, serum thyrotropin, serum thyroxine and serum cortisol of normal male rabbits were investi-gated. Two major triterpenoid compounds, saponin-I and saponin-II, were isolated from its ethanolic extract by repeated chromatography on silica gel, sephadex LH-20 and on biogel P-2. These com-pounds were identified after comparing their values of 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR chemical shifts with pre-viously reported values of similar compounds. Radio-immunological assay was used for the estimation of blood hormones of crude …

Cystic Liver Disease Caused By Myxobolus Sp. Ingoldfish ( Carassius Auratus)*, Mehmet Cemal Oğuz

Turkish Journal of Biology

: 23 fish with suspected abdominal dropsy were chosen and 13 were observed to be infected with a cyst in the liver. It was detected that the Myxobolus sp. caused the infection. The livers with cysts was excised, crushed in a homogenizer, then suspensions were prepared in water, later centrifuged and finally the spores were counted with the help of a hemocytometer. Among the 13 fish examined, the number of spores in 0.01 gr were determined to be 1.1x10 5 and 1.5x10 6 .

Nitrate Versus Chloride Nutrition Effects In Asoil-Plant System On The Growth, Nitrateaccumulation And N, K, Na, Ca And Clcontent Of Carrot Daucus Carota L., Ali̇ İnal, Aydin Güneş, Mehmet Alpaslan, Köksal Demi̇r

Turkish Journal of Biology

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effets of various NO 3 /CI percentages on growth, nitrate accumulation and mineral absorption in carrot Daucus carota L. plants in a controlled enviroment. The experiment included two CI sources (KCI and CaCl 2 ) and five NO 3 /CI percentages at 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, and 60/40 with total-N concentration of 400 mg NO 3 /kg soil in 100/0 treatment. The fresh and dry weights of shoots and storage roots, and the length and diameter of storage roots increased significantly more with mixed NO 3 /CI treatments and CI sources than with …

Feeding And Digestion In Larval Decapod Crustaceans, Meti̇n Kumlu

Turkish Journal of Biology

This paper reviews the latest findings in larval feeding and digestion of decapod crustacean larvae. The live feeds and manufactured feeds are discussed in relation with the digestive capability of various decapod crustacean larvae. Although some larvae such as penaeid shrimps are successfully cultured on artifical diets, most of lar-val decapod crustaceans are still heavily dependent on live organisms as food (i. e. micro-algae, Arte-mia). Studies with free-living nematodes as an alternative live feed for penaeid larvae are encouraging. Latest findings have demonstrated that omnivorous larvae (e.g. protozoeal stages of penaeids, Arte-mia, copepods) have high levels of proteolytic enzymes and …

Treatment Of Olive Oil Mill Wastewater With Fungi, Özfer Yeşi̇lada, Si̇bel Şik, Mesut Şam

Turkish Journal of Biology

: Olive oil mills produce a liquid waste called olive black water in the olive oil production process. In this study, olive oil mill wastewater (OOMW) was analysed and then treated aerobically with fungi. Consequently, high chemical oxygen demand (COD), phenol and color reduction were obtained. High biomass yields and laccase enzyme activities were also determined.

Antimicrobial Activites Of The Extracts Of Various Plants (Valex, Mimosa Bark, Gallnut Powders, Salvia Sp. And Phlomis Sp.), Meti̇n Diğrak, Ahmet İlçi̇m, M. Hakki Alma, Seli̇m Şen

Turkish Journal of Biology

The antimicrobial activities of valex (an extract of valonia), the extracts of mimosa bark, gallnut powders, Salvia aucheri var. aucheri and Phlomis bourgei were studied. The antimicrobial efficiency of the above plants was evaluated according to the disk diffusion method by using Bacillus brevis FMC 3, Bacillus subtilis IMG 22, Bacillus cereus EÜ, Escherichia coli DM, Pseudomanas aeruginosa DSM 50071, Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1, Listeria monocytogenes A, Micrococcus luteus LA 2971, Klebsiella pneumoniae FMC 5, Mycobacterium smegmatus RUT, Proteus vulgaris FMC 1 bacteria , and Alternaria alternata MDC 97, Penicillium italicum MDC 101, Fusarium equisetii C, and Candida albicans fungi. …

Abo, Rh Blood Groups And Phosphoglucomutase 1 Enzyme Phenotypesin Individuals With Noninsulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, E. Ferda Perçi̇n, İsmihan Göze, Ziynet Çinar

Turkish Journal of Biology

An examination of the relationships between common diseases and polymorphism may facilitate a better understanding of the clinical variability of illnesses and their genetic bases. In this paper, the relationship between blood group and erythrocyte phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM1) enzyme phenotype and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) was investigated. The enzyme phenotypes of 205 diabetic individuals were determined using the agglutination method. The results were compared with data from 200 subjects in the control group. When the diabetic individuals and those in the control group were compared according to PGM1 phenotype, no statistically significant difference between the two was observed (p>0.05). …

An Analysis Of Erythrocyte Membrane Proteins Of Individuals Working Inand Living Near High Voltage Powerlines Using The Sodium Dodecylsulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Disk Electrophoresis Method, Can Paksu, Nurten Erdal, M. Emin Erdal, Sibel Oguzkan

Turkish Journal of Biology

To analyse the effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on the erythrocyte membrane proteins of people working in and living near high voltage powerlines, blood with heparin samples was obtained from 30 men working in 380 kV substations, 30 women living in the same area and 30 healthy men and 30 healthy women. Erythrocyte membrane proteins obtained from these samples were identified using the "Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Disk Electrophoresis (SDS- PAGE)" method. Membrane proteins obtained from the people who had been continuously exposed to EMF and from the people who had not been exposed, were compared. While significant increases …

Cytoembryological Studies On Sternbergia Lutea(L.)Ker-Gawl. Ex Sprengel ( Amaryllidaceae), Feruzan Dane

Turkish Journal of Biology

The cytological properties of megasporogenesis, megagametogenesis, proembryo and endosperm of the Sternbergia lutea(L.) Ker-Fawle ex sprengel ( Amaryllidaceace) plant were observed with a light microscope. It was observed that the ovules are of hemianatropous, bitegmic and pseudocrassinucellate types and the female archesporial cell developed directly into a megasporocyte. While the chalazal diad formed by successive meiosis of megasporocyte degenerates, micropylar diad underwent mitosis simultaneously forming an embryo sac of eight nuclei. Two synergids and an egg cell on the micropyle side, three antipod cell on the chalaza side and a secondary nucleus near the antipods were seen in a mature …

Esterase D And Abo Polymorphisms In Turkish Population, E. Ferda Perçin, Ilhan Sezgin, Ahmet Çolak, Ziynet Çinar

Turkish Journal of Biology

This study is intended to be a contribution to the determination of the genetic structure of the Turkish population. For this purpose, esterase D (ESD), an erythrocyte enzyme, and ABO blood group loci phenotypes from the blood samples of two hundred healthy and unrelated individuals from different regions of Turkey were determined. ESD enzyme phenotypes were determined by cellulose acetate electrophoresis, and ABO blood group phenotypes were determined by the aglutination test; in this way, allele frequencies were calculated. It was determined that the allele frequencies of the ESD enzyme were ESD*1=0.807±0.019, and ESD*2=0.193±0.019. The allele frequencies of the ABO …

The Effects Of Dietary Vitamin E On Sera Lipids Andlipid Peroxida Peroxidation In Diabetic Rats, Sait Çeli̇k, Ökkeş Yilmaz

Turkish Journal of Biology

The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of dietary vitamin E on some biochemical sera parameters in diabetic rats. Thirty wistar rats were used in the experiments. They were randomly divided into three groups, each consisting of ten rats. The first group was the control, the second was diabetic, and the third was diabetic but fed vitamin E. At the end of 12 weeks, the levels of insulin, HDL and vitamin E in the sera were lower but the levels of MDA, glucose, fosfolipidis, cholesterols, triglycerides, free fatty acids, LDL and VLDL were in the second …

Production Of \Alpha -Galactosidase Usingbacillus Stearothermophilusvar. Caldiloactis C953, E. Esin Kocabaş, Mücahit Di̇zbay

Turkish Journal of Biology

An intracellular, thermostable a-galactosidase (a-D-galactoside galactohydrolase EC 3.2.1.22.) was produced from a strain of Bacillus stearothermophilus var. calidolactis C953. It was found that the presence of NH 4 Cl in the fermentation medium affected microbial growth and that optimum enzyme production occurred with peptone in various sources of nitrogen where NH 4 Cl was used as the main inorganic nitrogen source. After peptone, in decreasing order of enzyme productivity, came tryptone, soybean meal, soya-neutralized peptone and casamino acid. It was determined that, in various carbon sources, raffinose produced the highest a-galactosidase activity, followed by melibiose, D-galactose and molasses, and that …

The Effects Of Some Plant Materials On The Growth And Productivity Ofpleurotus Floridafovose, Abdunnasır Yildiz

Turkish Journal of Biology

In this study, the soybean, sorghum, peanut and wheat straw were used as culture media for Pleurotus florida. The shortest period for mycelium growth on soybean straw was 10.8 days; basidiocarp formation period, the first, second and third harvesting periods were determined as; 28.2, 33.6, 47.2 and 63.8, days respectively as the shortes periods found with peonut straw; 23.2, 59.5, 63.5, 75.2 and 94.0 days respectively, as the longest periods found with sorghum straw. The fresh mushroom yield obtained with 100 g material (70 % moisture) at first, second, third harvesting periods and total yield was 11.2, 7.7, 4.8 and …

Reproductive Biology Of Vicial. I. Pollen Morphology, Pollengermination ( In Situ) And Pollen Tube Growth., Feruzan Dane, Çiler Meri̇ç

Turkish Journal of Biology

This paper is a study of the pollen germination of V. hirsuta (L.) S.F. Gray, V. pannonica Crantz., V. hybrida L., V, grandiflora Scop., V. sativa L, V. nrbonnensis L. in the anther loculi ( in situ). The morphological properties and fertilities of the pollen were had been investigated. In addition, cytological and cytochemical properties and fertilities of the pollen were had been investigated. In addition, cytological and cytochemical properites of the pollen tubes during in situ pollen germination were examined. The pollen grains of the species examined were prolata, tricolporatae and exine reticulatae, which were shed during the two-cell …

The Carbohydrate Requirements Of Melanogryllus Desertus Pall.(Orthoptera: Gryllidae), Ruken Mehmetoğlu, Mehmet Başhan

Turkish Journal of Biology

The qualitative effects of 24 different carbohydrates on the growth and survival of the black cricket Melanogryllus desertus Pall. were investigated by rearing the insect on synthetic diets. The results showed that the carbohydrates examined had different effects on the growth and survival of the insect. Rhamnose and lactose had inhibiting effects, whereas ribose, arabinose, xylose, galactose, sorbose, cellobiose, inuline and dulcitol produced an inert effect. Sucrose, maltose, glucose, fructose, mannose, trehalose, dextrin, glycogen, starch, sorbitol, manitol all had positive effects. Raffinose, mellibiose and inositol were utilized at very low levels by the black cricket. Of the monosaccharides, glucose promoted …

The Amount Of Glycogen In The Liver And Muscle Tissues Of Starved Andfed Oncorhynchus Mykiss, Mehmet Ali Akpinar, Kubilay Meti̇n

Turkish Journal of Biology

In this study, variations in the amount of glycogen in liver and muscle tissues of starved and fed Oncorhynchus mykisshave been investigated. Immature fish were kept in two groups in separate pools were one group was starved for 28 days while the other was fed three meals a day with a diet consisting of 6% glycogen for the same period. The amount of glycogen was determined on the extracted liver and muscle tissues of fish on 7th, 14th, 21th and 28th days. The level of liver and muscle glycogen declined from 14th day and onwards and reached a minimum level …

The Effect Of Fish Size On Pigmentation In Goldfish ( Carassius Auratus), Mahmut Yanar, Nazmi Tekeli̇oğlu

Turkish Journal of Biology

The effect of fish size on pigmentation of gold fish ( Carassius auratus) was ivestigated. The total carotenoid deposition in the skin of four different size groups of fish fed a diet containing zeaxanthin (75 mg/kg) for 60 days was determined spectrophotometrically. The results were as follows: 19.23±0.46 mg/kg for the 1.52 g weight group, 29.06±0.64 mg/kg for the 4.19 g weight group, 31.10±0.53 mg/kg for the 7.35 g weight group and 35.28±0.65 mg/kg for the 13.11 g weight group. According to these results, it was concluded that pigmentation increased with fish weight.

An Investigation On The Interaction Of Plant Growth Substances And Theinhibitory Effects Of Cigarette Smoke On Germination, Ömer Munzuroglu

Turkish Journal of Biology

In this work, the effects of cigarette smoke on the germination of a monocot ( Triticum aestivum cv. Cumhuriyet) and a dicot ( Cucumis sativus cv. Beit alpha) seeds and on the subsequent morphogenetic formations have been investigated. In addition, the interaction between externally applied plant growth substances and these phenomena have been dealt with. The results we have obtained may be summarized as follows: The application of cigarette smoke have inhibited the seed germination in both species while this pollutant was present in germination medium, the seeds regained their germination ability as soon as being transferred to a smoke-free …

Antimicrobial Activity Of The Macrofungi Russula Delica Fr., Başaran Dülger, Fedai Şen, Fahrettin Güci̇n

Turkish Journal of Biology

Extracts of Russula delica Fr. were prepared with Ethyl acetate, Acetone, Chloroform and Ethanol and antimicrobial activities of these exracts were examined on test microorganisms as follows: Escherichia coli ATCC 11230, Enterobacter aerogenes CCM 2531, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P, Staphylococcus epidermidis NRRL B-4377, Micrococcus luteus La 2971, Micrococcus flavus ATCC 14452, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Bacillus cereus ATCC 7064, Bacillus brevis ATCC 9999, Bacillus spharericus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus megaterium, Listeria monocytogenesATCC 19117, Corynebacterium xerosisCCM 2824, Mycobacterium smegmatisCCM 2067, Salmonella thyphimurium CCM 5445, Salmonella thyphi ATCC 19430, Klebsiella pneumoniae UC57, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 8427, Xanthomonas campestris, Candida utilisLa 991, Candida albicansATCC …

Pollinator Bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) On Sunflower ( Helianthusannuusl.) And Their Effects On Seed Setting In Erzurum Region, Önder Çalmasur, Hikmet Özbek

Turkish Journal of Biology

During 1995 and 1996, it was determined that there were 42 bee species belonging to 5 families visiting sunflowers in the Erzurum region. The species with the highest number of bees visiting sunflowers was Apis mellifera L. (80-88%). Wild bee species accounted for 12-20% of sunflower visits. The most abundant wild bee species were Pyrobombus incertus(Mor.), P. cullumanus apollineus (Skor.), Megabombus sylvarum daghestanicus(Rad.), M. armeniacus(Rad)., M. ruderarius

Evolution Of Thermotolerance And Variation In The Heat Shock Protein, Hsp70, Robert A. Krebs, Brian R. Bettencourt

Biological, Geological, and Environmental Faculty Publications

Low to moderate levels of stress induce a class of molecular chaperones called heat shock proteins (Hsps), which protect cells, tissues and whole organisms from more severe stress. In higher Eukaryotes, Hsp70 is one of the principle heat-induced chaperones. This response is general, and how much Hsp70 an animal produces correlates with the level of stress to which it is exposed. Nonetheless, definitively linking high Hsp70 expression as an adaptation to stress tolerance is problematic, because organisms and cells respond to stress in many ways. By molecular manipulation of Hsp70 in one animal group, Drosophila, differences in hsp70 copy number …

The Relationship Between Ohio River Bass Tournament Success Rates, Forage Fish Abundance And Environmental Conditions, Jeffrey V. Ginger

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Due to increasing pressure from Ohio River bass anglers with regard to decreasing catch rates in 1981,1990, and 1997, the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources (WVDNR) initiated a study of black bass populations. The Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission (ORSANCO), in conjunction with state and Federal agencies, has collected population data on Ohio River fishes at lock chambers and has measured various water quality parameters since 1957. That data coupled with Ohio River bass tournament data collected by the DNR since 1975 and other fishery data sets provided a historic look into the variability of angler success. These …

Food Habits Of Salmo Trutta And Salvelinus Fontinalis (Pisces: Salmonidae) In Relation To Seasonal Changes And Mitigative Liming Effects In Dogway Fork Of The Cranberry River, West Virginia., Jason A. Morgan

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Dogway Fork, a tributary of the Cranberry River in West Virginia, is acidic due to acid precipitation and poorly buffered soils. This study is part of a long-term investigation involving the effects of continuous limestone neutralization on the fishes and benthos of an acid stream. Prior to treatment in 1988, the stream had a pH of 4.5 and there were no fish present. Since treatment began, the pH of the stream has risen to 6.8. Nine species of fish have been collected and six species have reproduced following the improvement in water quality. Densities of specific acid-sensitive benthic macroinvertebrates have …

Distribution Of The Sucker Family (Pisces: Catostomidae) In The Ohio River, Tara L. Rose

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The family Catostomidae represents a major component of the fish fauna in the Ohio River. Because of their abundance, large biomass, and susceptibility to environmentally-induced anomalies, suckers are expected to significantly influence the Ohio River Fish Index (ORFIn), a biological index being developed by the Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission (ORSANCO) for large river systems. To correctly interpret information obtained from ORFIn, the impact of suckers upon the index must be thoroughly understood, including relative importance and uneven spatial distribution of Ohio River suckers. In this study, suckers represented 7.1 percent of the total fish captured and 36.6 percent …

Ecology And Natural History Of Rana Clamitans Melanota In West Virginia, Alison M. Rogers

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Fourteen study sites were sampled with aquatic funnel traps and D-frame net sweeps in the plateau and mountain region of West Virginia to determine differences in larval period. Larval stage class abundance and larval total length and mass measurements were recorded from February to December 1997. Larval stage classes 25 and 26, the first free living stages, were absent from the plateau region from February to April, but were present in the mountain region. Pre-transformation larval stages, 40 through 44, were found from May through October, and peaked in July. Significant relationships were found with simple linear regression analysis between …

The Role Of Retinoids And Protein Kinase C In Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation And Function, Shaoshan Wang

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The structural and functional changes in the arterial wall of humans and animals accompany the development of hypertension and atherosclerosis. Hence, great interest exists in the mechanisms that govern vascular smooth muscle cell contraction and proliferation. Rat aortic rings maintained in organ culture show a significant loss of contractility; whereas, vascular smooth muscle cells in culture quickly dedifferentiate into a secretory phenotype with a marked capacity for proliferation. The addition of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) and retinol to the plasma-containing medium preserved the contractile response of cultured vessels. Removal of endothelium prior to culture abolished these effects. All-trans retinoic acid …

A Medicinal Plant Survey In Marketplaces Of Ecuador, Pamela Bailey

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

A medicinal herb survey was conducted in ten major marketplaces in Andean and coastal communities of Ecuador. Collections were made during the summer of 1997. Four plant collections from each market were pressed, dried, identified, and the medicinal information for each plant was recorded. Photographs of fresh plants, market vendors and the marketplaces were taken.

Fifty three families were represented in the 112 species collected. Forty-two species (37%) were introduced to Ecuador while seventy species (63%) were native to Ecuador. Plant taxa were grouped into 22 categories of medicinal usage. The most common 3 uses were: 1. General tonic and …

A Note On Sexual Dimorphism In Nesophontes Edithae (Mammalia: Insectivora), An Extinct Island-Shrew From Puerto Rico, Donald A. Mcfarlane

WM Keck Science Faculty Papers

The island-shrew, Nesophontes edithae Anthony 1916, Mean is the only Puerto Rican representative of the monogeneric family Nesophontidae.