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2002 & 2003 Annual Meeting Extended Abstracts

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

South Carolina Statewide Science Safety Project., Linda Sinclair, Jack Gerlovich, Rahul A. Parsa

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Some Notes On Multiplicative Congruential Random Number Generators With Mersenne Prime Modulus 261-1., James Harris

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Maternal And Sibling Influences On Seed Germination Of Aegilops Triuncialis Erin, Erin Scott, Andrew R. Dyer

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Scas Officers And Council Members 2003 - 2004

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Critical Thinking And Biology Instruction., David J. Stroup, John L. Frola

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Influence Of Normal Daytime Fat Deposition On Laboratory Measurements Of Torpor Use In Territorial Versus Nonterritorial Hummingbirds, Donald R. Powers, A R. Brown, J A. Van Hook

Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science

Fat deposition and torpor use in hummingbirds exhibiting distinct foraging styles should vary. We predicted that dominant territorial hummingbirds will use torpor less than subordinate nonterritorial species because unrestricted access to energy by territory owners allows for fat storage. Entry into torpor was monitored using open-flow respirometry on hummingbirds allowed to accumulate fat normally during the day. Fat accumulation was measured by solvent fat extraction. Territorial blue-throated hummingbirds (Lampornis clemenciae) had the highest fat accumulation and used torpor only 17% of the time. Fat storage by L. clemenciae averaged 26% of lean dry mass (LDM) in 1995 and 18% in …

Effects Of Weather On Autumn Hawk Movements At Fort Morgan, Alabama, Stefan Woltmann, David Cimprich

Faculty Publications

Migrating hawks were observed at Fort Morgan, Alabama during autumn 1995-1998. The three most abundant migrants were Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipiter striatus), Broad-winged Hawk (Buteo platypterus) and American Kestrel (Falco sparverius). The three species accounted for 84% of all observations. Most individuals (> 80%) were seen heading west. Compared with days with east and south winds, days with north winds were associated with significantly higher passage rates for all species, and passage rates of Broadwinged Hawks were significantly higher on days when both a cold front and north winds occurred than on days with north winds only. …

Acid Adaptation Protects Salmonella Typhimurium From Environmental Stresses, Hali̇l Tosun, Şahi̇ka Aktuğ Gönül

Turkish Journal of Biology

Salmonella typhimurium can encounter a wide variety of environments during its life cycle. S. typhimurium can experience and survive dramatic acid stress. However, in vitro the organism is very sensitive to acid. S. typhimurium was adapted to acid by exposure to HCl at pH 5.8 ± 0.1 for one growth cycle. Acid-adapted cells were much better protected from acid death than control cells. The relationship between acid adaptation of S. typhimurium and tolerance to other environmental stresses was also examined. Acid-adapted cells were found to have increased tolerance to various stresses including heat, salt and organic acids. No cross-protection was …

Determination Of Poly-\Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (Phb) Production By Some Mesophilic And Thermophilic Lactic Acid Bacteria, Zehra Nur Yüksekdağ, Yavuz Beyatli, Belma Aslim

Turkish Journal of Biology

Accumulated poly-\beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) was determined in lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genera Lactobacillus, Lactococcus and Streptococcus. Lactobacilli were grown in MRS broth and the others were grown in Elliker broth medium. Cell biomass was obtained by centrifugation. The cell walls were lysed with sodium hypochlorite. Poly-\beta-hydroxybutyrate was extracted using chloroform in a Soxhlet system. Then it was converted to crotonic acid using sulfuric acid and the amount of crotonic acid was measured spectrophotometrically. The yield of poly-\beta-hydroxybutyrate % of cell dry weight of Lactobacillus species was 0.52-25.55%. The values for Lactococcus and Streptococcus species were 0.61-14.81 and 1.20-13.69%, respectively. …

Reproductive Response Of Adult Siberian Hamsters To One-Hour Melatonin Infusions, Bülent Gündüz, Milton H. Stetson

Turkish Journal of Biology

The pineal hormone melatonin is known to play an important role in mediating photoperiodic messages to the reproductive system in seasonal breeding animals. In this study, we investigated whether a 1 h subcutaneous infusion of 50 ng of melatonin at 2000-2100 hours, effective in causing inhibition of testicular development in the juvenile Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus), would cause testicular regression in adults of this species housed on a long photoperiod (LD16:8). Pinealectomized adult hamsters received programmed subcutaneous infusions of 50 or 500 ng of melatonin or vehicle (0.12 ml) at 2000-2100 hours each day for 8 weeks. We found that …

Neuroepithelial Endocrine Cells In The Lung Of Rana Ridibunda: An Immunohistochemical Study, Füsun Öztay, Ayşe Tabakoğlu Oğuz

Turkish Journal of Biology

In this study, neuroepithelial endocrine cells were for the first time identified in the lung of Rana ridibunda. The presence of these cells was investigated using endocrine markers by the immunohistochemical method at the light microscopic level. Immunoreactive - cells containing serotonin, calcitonin, met-enkephalin and leu-enkephalin were observed alone or in clusters within the respiratory epithelium. In general, clustered - cells containing serotonin were detected among the ciliated cells and goblet cells of the pseudostratified epithelium on apical dilation of the primary septa where the inhaled - air is first met. Among pneumocytes, single and clustered neuroepithelial endocrine cells display …

Anti-Genotoxic Effect Of Ascorbic Acid On Mutagenic Dose Of Three Alkylating Agents, Bülent Kaya

Turkish Journal of Biology

The antimutagenic effect of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) was investigated by using the Drosophila wing spot test. In this assay, 3-day-old transheterozygous larvae for the multiple wing hair (mwh, 3-0.3) and flare (flr, 3-38.8) genes were treated with 3 direct acting mutagens: ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and N-nitroso N-ethylurea (ENU). The results obtained from 3 reference mutagens were clearly genotoxic in the Drosophila wing somatic mutation and recombination test. The calculated concentration of ascorbic acid as recommended dietary allowance (RDA) did not induce the frequency of the mutant clones recorded. When co-treatment experiments with ascorbic acid were carried …

The Tadpole Of Phrynobatrachus Mababiensis Fitzsimons, 1932 (Anura, Ranidae, Petropedetinae), Rafael O. De Sá, Alan Channing

Biology Faculty Publications

The puddle frog genus Phrynobatrachus Günther, 1862 comprises about 64 currently recognized species (Frost, 1985). Of these, only the tadpoles of P. natalensis (Smith, 1849) (Power, 1927; Channing, 2001), P. guineensis Guibé & Lamotte, 1961(Rödel,1998) and P. alticola Guibé & Lamotte, 1961 (Rödel & Ernst, 2002) have been described. Phrynobatrachus mababiensis FitzSimons, 1932 (Dwarf Puddle frog, Wager, 1986; Mababe River frog, Frank & Ramus, 1996) is a small frog that usually calls from low in thick vegetation on flooded terrains close to the water. Very little has been published about the biology of this species. Passmore & Carruthers (1979) reported …

Polystomatidae (Monogenea) Of Southern African Anura: Eupolystoma Vanasi N. Sp. Parasitic In Schismaderma Carens (Smith), Louis H. Du Preez, Richard C. Tinsley, Rafael O. De Sá

Biology Faculty Publications

Eupolystoma vanasi is described as a new species of the Polystomatidae parasitic in the urinary bladder of Schismaderma carens in Northern Province and KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. This is the third Eupolystoma species described from Africa and the first polystomatid from Schismaderma, an anuran genus that is primitive with respect to the other African bufonids in which Eupolystoma has been recorded. The species is distinguished by body size (this is the largest Eupolystoma known; mean length of adults 6 mm), by genital spine number (4 in comparison with 6-9 in other species), marginal hooklet length (greater than in other …

Effect Of Water Removal On Introduced Caddisflies From A Tropical Mountain Stream, Mollie D. Mcintosh, Mark Eric Benbow, Albert J. Burky

Biology Faculty Publications

Tropical island streams worldwide are being threatened by existing or proposed dams and diversions. Numerous streams of the Hawaiian Islands have diversions that remove freshwater for human use; however, little research has addressed diversion effects on aquatic insect communities in tropical streams. We studied the effect of water removal by a stream diversion on density and biomass of two introduced Trichoptera, Cheumatopsyche analis (Banks) (Hydropsychidae) and Hydroptila potosina (Buenoa- Soria) (Hydroptilidae), in Iao Stream, Maui, Hawaii, from April-August 2000. Both species seem to have multivoltine life cycles. Pooled Trichoptera (both species) biomass was significantly greater above the diversion (178.3 mg.m-2 …

The Analysis Of Partial Dominance Of Intragenic Mutations At The Adh Locus In Drosophila Melanogaster At Two Different Alcohol Concentrations, Vatan Taşkin

Turkish Journal of Biology

The dominance of a de novo mutation determines its effect on the viability of the first and succeeding generations; therefore, it is a major factor in estimating the risk from mutations to human health. It is well established that large deletions lead to significant dominance, but until the recent development of molecular methods for amplification and sequencing of mutations it was not possible to determine the dominance of specific intragenic changes in DNA. The purpose of this study was to determine the dominance for a series of Adh-null mutations, each with a minimum mutation of a transition at one base …

John Russell Bozeman Papers, Zach S. Henderson Library Special Collections

Finding Aids

This collection consists of research materials belonging to Georgia Southern College instructor, John Russell Bozeman. Materials span 1948-1994 and include research files on beach erosion, the ecology of the Georgia barrier islands, and general information on Southeastern ecology and topography.

Find this collection in the University Libraries' catalog.

Life Cycle Of A Torrenticolous Hawaiian Chironomid (Telmatogeton Torrenticola): Stream Flow And Microhabitat Effects, Mark Eric Benbow, Albert J. Burky, C. M. Way

Biology Faculty Publications

In this study we documented the instar densities and life cycle of Telmatogeton torrenticola Terry (Chironomidae : Telmatogetoninae) from Kinihapai Stream, Maui, Hawaii. Greatest larval densities of this midge are found on substrates of high velocity, shallow flows of cascades, and splash zones of waterfalls, with lower densities in riffles. In the summer of 1994 we compared the effects of two microhabitats (termed optimal and suboptimal) on inter-instar density and relative abundance. In a second year (1995), we evaluated the effect of long-term reduced stream flow on these variables only in optimal microhabitats. A significant reduction in stream flow from …

Fecal Coliforms And Antibiotic Resistance Of Tuckahoe Creek, Catherine C. Parker

Honors Theses

The Tuckahoe Creek has been classified impaired by the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) indicating that one of the following parameters exceed the accepted limits: pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), phosphates, nitrates, and concentration of fecal coliforms. Throughout the course of this study, two selected sites have been monitored monthly in order to measure these parameters. Route 288 is located near a construction site, and Route 621 is near Sycamore Creek Golf Course in a more rural area. The results from this study have shown that the fecal coliforms have been uniformly within the set legal limit of 1,000 …

Genome Size Of Biomphalaria Glabrata, Coen Adema

Biomphalaria Genome Initiative

No abstract provided.

Thermal Time: Body Size, Food Quality And The 10c Rule, Eric Charnov, James Gillooly

Biology Faculty & Staff Publications

Developmental rates of ectotherms (y) are often linearly related to temperature (Tc in C) within some biologically relevant range of temperatures as y = (1/S)(Tc - Tb), where Tb is the estimated temperature at zero development, and the thermal constant S is the development time multiplied by the temperature above Tb (i.e. degree days above Tb). Among similar species, it has been widely shown that S and Tb are negatively related across environments, that S is positively related to body size, and that Tb is independent of body size but increases with mean environmental temperature. Here we present a model …

Web Orientation Of The Banded Garden Spider Argiope Trifasciata (Araneae, Araneidae) In A California Coastal Population, Martina G. Ramirez

Biology Faculty Works

Magnetic heading (direction the spider’s ventrum faced) and web inclination (degree of slant from the vertical) in Argiope trifasciata Forska°l, a diurnal orb-weaving spider, were studied at a coastal site in southern California for nine weeks in fall 1999. Throughout the study, A. trifasciata largely occupied east-west oriented webs with their venters facing south and southwest. Mean magnetic heading was unaffected by ambient temperature extremes. Inclination levels varied from week to week over an approximately 58 range. However, these changes followed no discernible pattern and were independent both of the sun’s decrease in maximum altitude during the course of the …

Proteasome Inhibition Stabilizes Tau Inclusions In Oligodendroglial Cells That Occur After Treatment With Okadaic Acid, Deepa V. Dabir

Biology Faculty Works

Tau-positive inclusions in oligodendrocytes are consistent neuropathological features of corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy, and frontotemporal dementias with Parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17. Here we show by immunohistochemistry that tau-positive oligodendroglial inclusion bodies also contain the small heat-shock protein (HSP) αB-crystallin but not H HSP70. To study the molecular mechanisms underlying inclusion body formation, we engineered an oligodendroglia cell line (OLN-t40) to overexpress the longest human tau isoform. Treatment of OLN-t40 cells with okadaic acid (OA), an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A, caused tau hyperphosphorylation and a decrease in the binding of tau to microtubules. Simultaneously, tau-positive aggregates that also …

Synthetic Lethal Analysis Implicates Ste20p, A P21- Activated Protein Kinase, In Polarisome Activation, April S. Goehring, David A. Mitchell, Amy Hin Yan Tong, Megan Keniry, Charles Boone, George F. Sprague Jr.

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

The p21-activated kinases Ste20p and Cla4p carry out undefined functions that are essential for viability during budding in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To gain insight into the roles of Ste20p, we have used a synthetic lethal mutant screen to identify additional genes that are required in the absence of Cla4p. Altogether, we identified 65 genes, including genes with roles in cell polarity, mitosis, and cell wall maintenance. Herein, we focus on a set that defines a function carried out by Bni1p and several of its interacting proteins. We found that Bni1p and a group of proteins that complex with Bni1p (Bud6p, Spa2p, …

An Overview Of Aircraft Remote Sensing In Integrated Pest Management, James H. Everitt, Kenneth R. Summy, D. E. Escobar, M. R. Davis

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

English: This paper presents four exemplary applications of aerial photography and videography, global positioning system (GPS), and geographic information system (GIS) technologies for detecting, monitoring, and mapping insect infestations in agriculture, forestry, and rangeland areas. Applications demonstrated include detecting and mapping: (1) citrus blackfly (Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby) infestations in citrus orchards; (2) silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring) infestations in cotton; (3) harvester ant (Pogonomyrmex barbatus F. Smith) infestations on rangelands; and (4) western pine beetle (Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte) infestations in a forested area. The integration of a GPS with the video imagery permitted latitude and longitude coordinates of …

Cissus Sicyoides C. Linnaeus (Vitaceae), A Potential Exotic Pest In The Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas, J. V. French, Robert I. Lonard, James H. Everitt

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

English:Cissus sicyoides C. Linnaeus, a perennial vine native to tropical Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean, has recently been rediscovered in the Lower Rio Grande Valley,Texas. A dense population of this exotic species has been located in a brushy area along a canal network and in two adjacent citrus groves near Weslaco. This species produces a dense mantle that covers other vegetation, appears to be invasive, and may pose a potential weed problem in citrus in the Lower Rio Grande Valley.

Spanish: Cissus sicyoides C. Linnaeus, una enredadera perene nativa de los trópicos de México, América Central y el Caribe, …

Shallow-Water Reefs In Transition: Examples From Belize And The Bahamas, H. Allen Curran, Benjamin J. Greenstein

Arts & Sciences Faculty Publications

The plight of coral reefs throughout the Caribbean region has been widely reported by reef scientists. A variety of causes has lead to reefal decline, particularly in shallow waters. This study compares the responses of shallow-water reefs in Belize and the Bahamas to outbreaks of white­ band disease (WBD) and traces changes on these reefs to the early 2000s.

Prior to the mid-1980s, reef ridges of the Pelican Cays of Belize were constructed of luxu­ riant stands of Acropora cervicomis. As else­ where, this species suffered massive mortality in mid-1980s owing to WBD, and dead A. cervicor­ nis substrates were …

Sibling Recurrence Risk Ratio Analysis Of The Metabolic Syndrome And Its Components Over Time., Wei J. Chen, Pi Hua Liu, Yen Yi Ho, Kuo Liong Chien, Min Tzu Lo, Wei Liang Shih, Yu Chun Yen, Wen Chung Lee

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to estimate both cross-sectional sibling recurrence risk ratio (lambdas) and lifetime lambdas for the metabolic syndrome and its individual components over time among sibships in the prospectively followed-up cohorts provided by the Genetic Analysis Workshop 13. Five measures included in the operational criteria of the metabolic syndrome by the Adult Treatment Panel III were examined. A method for estimating sibling recurrence risk with correction for complete ascertainment was used to estimate the numerator, and the prevalence in the whole cohort was used as the denominator of lambdas. Considerable variability in the lambdas was found …

Dynamic Versus Instantaneous Models Of Diet Choice, Brian O. Ma, Peter A. Abrams, Chad Brassil

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

We investigate the dynamics of a series of two-prey-one predator models in which the predator exhibits adaptive diet choice based on the different energy contents and/or handling times of the two prey species. The predator is efficient at exploiting its prey and has a saturating functional response; these two features combine to produce sustained population cycles over a wide range of parameter values. Two types of models of behavioral change are compared. In one class of models (“instantaneous choice”), the probability of acceptance of the poorer prey by the predator instantaneously approximates the optimal choice, given current prey densities. In …